Том 3 № 2 (2025)

This article examines the issues of ensuring employment and reducing the unemployment rate in Uzbekistan’s economy by creating new jobs. This problem is of not only economic but also social significance, playing an important role in improving the well-being of the population and ensuring the sustainable development of the state. The article highlights the impact of technological development on employment and issues related to the informal labor market. It analyzes measures to address the unemployment problem, employment and unemployment indicators in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the distribution of employed individuals across formal and informal sectors

This review examines the effects of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on diagnostic and patient management skills in ambulatory pediatric education. It highlights PBL’s role in enhancing clinical reasoning, learner satisfaction, and decision-making abilities. Based on global studies, including randomized trials and meta-analyses, findings show that PBL improves diagnostic thinking and clinical confidence, though measurable performance gains vary. PBL promotes better patient management by simulating real-world interdisciplinary scenarios, which prepares trainees for complex outpatient care. It also fosters stronger critical thinking skills, especially when supported by digital tools and hybrid learning models. Learners generally report greater engagement and satisfaction compared to traditional methods. Although limited, existing evidence suggests PBL may also support teamwork and communication.