ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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ADVANCING EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
Mansurova Muzafarra Makhsudovna –
Lecturer at the Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
Email:
Аннотация. В статье рассмотрены сущность и значение
образовательных услуг, а также их роль в росте и развитии экономики
Узбекистана, их положительное влияние на деятельность образовательных
учреждений. Изучена система образовательных услуг, как весомый показатель
организационного
уровня
и
эффективности
деятельности
высших
образовательных учреждений.
Annotation. The article discusses the essence and significance of educational
services, as well as their role in the growth and development of the economy of
Uzbekistan, their positive impact on the activities of educational institutions. The
system of educational services has been studied as a significant indicator of the
organizational level and efficiency of higher educational institutions.
Ключевые слова. Образовательные услуги, инвестирование в
человеческий капитал, инвестирование в будущее, квалифицированная рабочая
сила, человеческий капитал, рынок труда, субъекты образовательных услуг,
объекты образовательных услуг, цена труда, развитие личности,
государственные образовательные учреждения, платные образовательные
услуги.
Keywords. Educational services, investing in human capital, investing in the
future, skilled labor, human capital, labor market, subjects of educational services,
objects of educational services, price of labor, personal development, state educational
institutions, paid educational services.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Education is considered a key factor in the economic development of any
country. In the context of Uzbekistan, educational services play a particularly
important role in shaping and modernizing the economy. The country is actively
investing in education, recognizing that the knowledge and skills of modern society are
the driving force for sustainable economic growth and prosperity.
Uzbekistan is implementing measures to improve the education system at all
levels. The introduction of modern teaching methods, the development of digital
technologies in education, and the country’s active participation in international
educational programs are all aimed at creating a competitive workforce capable of
adapting to the changing demands of the labor market.
Let's look at some aspects of the educational system of Uzbekistan in more
detail:
In the process of education, certain educational levels are achieved. Educational
activities are divided by the legislator into two types:
- the first type is an activity that is carried out in accordance with educational
standards (based on general education programs);
- the second type is additional educational services, in which the volume and
content are regulated by state standards, but additions from the service provider are
welcome.
Accordingly, the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan itself consists
of the following entities:
✓
state and non-state educational institutions implementing educational programs in
accordance with state educational standards;
✓
scientific and pedagogical institutions performing research work necessary to
ensure the functioning and development of the education system;
✓
government bodies in the field of education, as well as enterprises, institutions
and organizations subordinate to them.
Considering that the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is unified
and continuous, education takes place in stages:
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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•
preschool education;
•
general secondary education;
•
secondary specialized, vocational education;
•
higher education;
•
postgraduate education;
•
advanced training and retraining of personnel;
•
out-of-school education.
1
It can also be noted that private and public educational institutions have the
right to provide paid additional educational services to those who wish, such as training
in additional educational programs, teaching special courses and cycles of disciplines,
classes with students in in-depth study of subjects and other services in the field of
education.
In recent years, the government of Uzbekistan has been actively working to
modernize education, introduce innovative approaches and improve access to
educational services for the population, adopting new regulatory documents in the field
of development and improving the quality of education of the population. For example,
“in order to develop the knowledge and skills of school students, educate them in the
spirit of devotion to national and universal values, increase the authority of the teaching
profession and the quality of teachers, improve textbooks and educational
methodological complexes based on modern requirements, build modern models of
public education institutions , meeting international standards”, the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Стратегия “Узбекистан - 2030”” dated
09.11.2023 No. УП-158 was adopted.
Educational services have their own specificity, which is manifested both in
traditional characteristics and in features inherent only to educational services. One of
the specific features of educational services is that they belong to the category of
“public goods”. Another is the impossibility of their direct monetary measurement. The
1
http://uzbekistan-geneva.ch/sistema-obrazovaniya-respubliki-uzbekistan.html
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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price mechanism is often unable to reflect all the costs of producing educational
services. This is explained by the lack of a material form and material expression of
the results, their use in the course of this activity, and also the fact that they contain a
useful effect in themselves. If in the material sphere they are relatively easy to measure
quantitatively, for example, in pieces or kilograms per unit of production, then in
relation to educational services this is difficult to achieve, i.e. services generate
intangible benefits. These benefits are not subject to ownership rights: the result of the
provision of educational services is the receipt of a certain level of education, which
implies the paid nature of the services. Services are provided for a fee. At the same
time, the educational process in state educational institutions within the framework of
basic educational programs and state educational standards is free, and for the
implementation of these processes an agreement on the provision of educational
services is not drawn up.
In addition, there is another distinctive feature of educational services - the
ambiguity of the goals set for organizations providing these services. As a rule, the
activities of an educational institution are not directly aimed at achieving profit, i.e.
many of their interests are related to the growth of welfare, which involves “receiving
the profits necessary to ensure expanded reproduction.”
Based on some theoretical aspects of economic theory, educational services can
be classified as pure private goods. The significant positive external effect of
educational services also allows us to classify them as socially significant private
goods.
Being one of the types of socio-economic benefits, educational services are
additional in nature in a non-core educational institution, exceed the state educational
standard, and the costs necessary for the production and consumption of such activities
require adequate compensation. But at the same time, it is possible to increase the
volume of supply of educational services by selecting qualified teachers, expanding the
classroom fund, additional funding, etc.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Knowledge, abilities, skills, as well as specialties acquired in the course of
providing educational services, on the one hand, are the motive for the consumer when
he enters the educational services market. An individual strives, with the help of
educational services, to get the opportunity to choose the most suitable niche for him
in the labor market. Moreover, in conditions of competition between educational
institutions, he has the opportunity to choose based on various factors. In terms of
content, educational services are characterized by the knowledge, skills and abilities
that the consumer of educational services acquires, as well as the specialty that he
receives as a result. Factors influencing consumer motivation when choosing
educational services include both the main and additional advantages of an educational
organization. An important role for the consumer is played by the timing, type and
form of training, the level of qualifications of teachers of the educational institution,
the material resources of the educational organization, which includes classrooms for
classes, their equipment with modern teaching aids, etc. In turn, to attract potential
consumers of educational services, benefits such as various additional advanced
training or retraining courses, diplomas, certificates, free consulting, and certain
benefits are used. Thus, from an economic point of view, concepts such as “enhanced
product” and “potential product” are used to attract consumers. The consumer’s desire
to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities that will help him gain advantages in the labor
market determines another characteristic feature of educational services. This is the
mutual activity of the provider of such a service, as well as its recipient. This feature
distinguishes educational services from others, in most of which the client remains a
passive party.
At the same time, such paid educational activities were not considered
entrepreneurial. Researchers of educational legislation highlight both positive and
negative aspects of introducing the concept of “educational services” into legal acts. It
is customary to highlight the following aspects as positive aspects:
1.
the introduction of this concept legalized paid forms of education;
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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2.
the use of the concept of “educational services” in educational legislation allows
the use of civil law forms of regulation of public relations in the field of education;
3.
the introduction of this concept contributed to the development of competition in
the educational services market;
4.
paid educational services made it possible to find additional non-state sources of
funding for state educational institutions;
5.
granting financial independence to some higher educational institutions and a
number of powers of the Cabinet of Ministers and ministries, in particular, transferring
the studies of foreign citizens from foreign universities to state universities of
Uzbekistan and determining the internal regulations of students.
2
Also, the reforms carried out in the country in the field of education include:
• modernization of training programs, in the form of the introduction of modern
teaching methods and updating of educational materials in order to meet modern labor
market requirements and scientific achievements;
• development of digital technologies in education, introducing information
technologies into the educational process to increase its efficiency and accessibility;
• advanced training of teaching staff, training and retraining of teachers to use
modern teaching methods and organize the educational process.
And also in Uzbekistan, active measures are being taken to improve the
accessibility of education for all segments of the population:
development of educational infrastructure: Construction and modernization of
schools, colleges and universities to provide comfortable learning conditions;
financial support: Providing government grants and scholarships to motivate
students and reduce the financial barrier to education;
development of distance education: Introduction of online courses and distance
education programs to expand access to education in remote and sparsely populated
regions.
2
Постановление Президента Республики Узбекистан «О мерах по предоставлению финансовой
самостоятельности государственным высшим образовательным учреждениям» от 24.12.2021 г. № ПП-60.
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A special role is played by the participation of Uzbekistan in international
educational programs and the exchange of students and teachers with foreign
institutions helps to attract the best practices and experience from other countries. This
helps Uzbek students and professors expand their knowledge and skills, which
ultimately affects the economic development of the country.
Based on all that has been said, we can conclude that educational services play
an integral role in the development of the economy of Uzbekistan. Investments in
education today are investments in the future of the country. Given the right approach
to the development of education, Uzbekistan can achieve sustainable economic growth,
improve the living standards of its citizens and strengthen its position on the world
stage.
List of used literature:
1.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «Об образовании» accepted ЗП 19.05.2020
y., approved by the Senate 07.08.2020y.
2.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «О стратегии «Узбекистан
- 2030»» by 11.09.2023y. № УП-158.
3.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «О мерах по
предоставлению финансовой самостоятельности государственным высшим
образовательным учреждениям» by 24.12.2021y. № ПП-60.
4.
http://uzbekistan-geneva.ch/sistema-obrazovaniya-respubliki-uzbekistan.html
