ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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“REFORMING THE LEGAL MECHANISMS OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN RESORT AREAS
OF UZBEKISTAN”
Alloberdiyeva Durdona Oktamjon qizi,
Lecturer of the Department of
Fundamental Economic Sciences of the institute of
International School of Finance Technology and Science:
Annotation.
This article examines the legal mechanisms of sustainable
development and environmental safety with a particular focus on resort areas in the
Republic of Uzbekistan. Sustainable development is approached as a multidimensional
concept integrating economic progress, social stability, and ecological preservation.
The paper provides a critical analysis of Uzbekistan’s legislative and regulatory base
concerning environmental safety, addressing issues such as the efficient use of natural
resources, health and life protection of citizens, and prevention of ecological threats,
particularly in ecologically sensitive resort territories. In highlighting both
achievements and ongoing challenges, the article offers concrete legal-policy
recommendations aimed at strengthening the environmental governance system and
enhancing sustainability practices in resort zones.
Keysword. Sustainable development, national goals, direction, legal documents,
green space, national wealth.
The term sustainable development was introduced into widespread use in 1987 by
the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), headed by Gro
Harlem Brundtland. The Commission's task was to develop the basic principles,
indicators of sustainable development, and a global environmental and economic
action program for the next decade. The result was the report Our Common Future. It
was in this report that a clear definition of the term "sustainable development" in its
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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modern sense was first formulated and a new concept of sustainable development was
put forward as an alternative to development based on unlimited economic growth.
Such development involves the joint solution of economic, social and
environmental problems, taking into account their interdependence and interaction, and
ensuring the right of people to a healthy and quality life in harmony with nature. This
is one of the main problems of the concept of sustainable development and it must be
solved. The main elements of the concept of sustainable development were developed
and strengthened at the conference held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Also, at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002, the participating
countries reached an agreement on the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable
Development and the Summit Implementation Plan.
One of the main principles of the state environmental policy of the Republic of
Uzbekistan is the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted
at the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development in 2015. In particular, such
goals as ensuring a healthy lifestyle and improving well-being for all ages are
important. In order to support the global sustainable development goals by 2030, the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued a resolution “On additional measures
to accelerate the implementation of national goals and objectives in the field of
sustainable development for the period up to 2030” on the implementation of the SDGs,
taking into account the specific development characteristics of Uzbekistan.
Article 48 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan recognizes the right
of everyone to health and access to qualified medical care. According to Article 49,
every person has the right to a safe environment for life and health, as well as to reliable
information about his condition. At the same time, Article 13 of the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Protection of Citizens’ Health” establishes the right of
every citizen to health care. This right implies a safe and healthy living environment,
working, studying, living and leisure conditions, which indicates the connection
between the right to health care and the right of citizens to leisure (Article 45 of the
Constitution).
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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According to Article 15 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the
Protection of Citizens' Health", the state ensures environmental protection as an
important factor for human life and health. This includes the preservation of living and
inanimate nature, the protection of people from negative environmental impacts, the
provision of harmonious relations between people, society and nature, the rational use
of natural resources and their restoration.
During the first 9 months of 2021, 34,275 cases of citizens' claims of violation of
the right to a safe environment for life and health resulting from violations of
environmental safety laws were identified. During this period, 15 billion soums of fines
and materials submitted to law enforcement agencies for recovery of damage caused
to nature in 1,365 cases indicate that this right is being strengthened. This is due to the
right to respect for private and family life, officially recognized in Article 25 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Health care, as an inalienable natural right of
citizens, is regulated by almost all branches of national law, among which
environmental legislation plays an important role. Our legislation on environmental
protection enshrines the basic principle that human health and life are protected by the
state from the negative impact of environmental factors (Article 3 of the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On Nature Protection”). According to our legislation, citizens
may use natural resources (wildlife, flora, forests, water bodies, etc.) for health and
recreational purposes on the basis of the right of general or special use. The legal basis
for the exercise of such rights is Article 16 of the Land Code of the Republic of
Uzbekistan
1
, Article 2 of the Law "On Water and Water Use"
2
, Article 5 of the Law
"On Forests"
3
, Article 4 of the Law "On Land Use"
4
,
as well as Article 4 of the Law
1
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Yer kodeksi. URL:
2
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi “Suv va suvdan foydalanish to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni. URL:
3
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi “O‘rmon to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni. URL:
4
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi “Yer qari to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni. URL:
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"On the Protection and Use of Flora"
5
, Article 4 of the Law "On the Protection and
Use of Wildlife"
6
and Article 6 of the Law "On Protected Natural Areas".
When carrying out economic and other activities, especially those related to the
use of natural resources and complexes, environmental protection requirements must
be observed and the environmental rights of others must not be violated. The need to
protect and rationally use the natural resource base for economic and social
development arises from the fact that human activity is increasingly affecting the
integrity of ecosystems, which in turn provide resources and services that are important
for human well-being and economic activity. The President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan signed a Decree “On Approval of the Concept of Environmental Protection
of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Period Until 2030” in order to determine priority
measures to neutralize them, taking into account the high level of risk to natural
ecosystems and public health.
Resort natural areas include natural resources used for health and recreation
purposes. The state of natural objects in these areas directly depends on the
environmental conditions in which they are located. Climate change has a significant
impact on the quality and sustainability of natural resources, especially in resort areas.
For example, climate change, the reduction or deterioration of water resources, and
changes in flora and fauna as a result of climate change directly affect the ecological
state of resort areas. This also affects the provision of natural resources intended for
health and recreation. The availability of high-quality water, clean air, and natural
landscapes in resort areas are important factors. Climate change can pose a serious
threat, especially to resorts in high-mountainous or desert regions, since these areas are
more sensitive to natural balance and climate. Such circumstances force Uzbekistan,
among others, to direct its policy to solving the problems of protecting the natural
territory of the resort within the framework of adaptation to climate change, since this
5
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi “O‘simlik dunyosini muhofaza qilish va undan foydalanish to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni. URL:
6
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi “Hayvonot dunyosini muhofaza qilish va undan foydalanish to‘g‘risida”gi qonun
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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direction ensures the right of citizens to health through the use of useful natural
resources.
The above points are of great importance today, since there is a direct connection
between the state of human health and the state of environmental safety of the
environment, industry and other facilities, as well as the level of threat of man-made
events that pose a threat to human life and health. Therefore, determining the
characteristics of such concepts as “ecological safety” and “environmental state” has
become the focus of attention of scientists.
List of used literature:
1.
United Nations General Assembly. Our Common Future. Report of the World
Commission on Environment and Development [Internet]. Nairobi; 1987 June 16
[cited
2021
July
23].
Available
from:
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-
2.
World Health Organization. Johannesburg Declaration on Health and
Sustainable Development. Meeting of Senior Officials and Ministers of Health
[Internet]. Johannesburg, South Africa; 2002 Jan. 19–22 [cited 2021 July 23].
https://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/HSD_Plaq_02.8_def1.pdf
3.
United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development [Internet], Resolution 70/1 (Sept. 25, 2015) [cited 2021
July
23].
Available
from:
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs
/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf
4.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi // Qonunchilik ma’lumotlari
milliy bazasi, 01.05.2023 y., 03/23/837/0241-son.
5.
“Muhofaza etiladigan tabiiy hududlar to‘g‘risida”gi qonun,
