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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE ADOPTION OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN
THE FINANCIAL MARKET OF UZBEKISTAN
Umedjanova Sabina -
TSUE, Finance and financial technology,
Group MT-81, 3rd year student
Cryptocurrencies have gained immense popularity worldwide and are considered as a
potential alternative to traditional currencies due to their decentralized nature and the ability
to enable fast and secure transactions. "Crypto" refers to the various encryption algorithms
and cryptographic techniques that safeguard these entries, such as elliptical curve encryption,
public-private key pairs, and hashing functions. In other words, it is a digital asset that uses
cryptography to secure transactions and control the creation of new units. Cryptocurrencies
can be mined, purchased from cryptocurrency exchanges, or rewarded for work done on a
blockchain.
Uzbekistan is a developing country in Central Asia with a population of over 30 million.
The government of Uzbekistan has shown an interest in exploring the potential of blockchain
technology and cryptocurrencies. However, cryptocurrencies are not officially recognized as
legal tender in Uzbekistan, and there are several challenges that need to be addressed before
cryptocurrencies can be widely adopted in the country.
According to a report by Chainalysis, a blockchain analytics firm, Uzbekistan ranks 52nd
out of 154 countries in terms of cryptocurrency adoption. [1] The report found that
cryptocurrency adoption is highest in countries with strong economies and high levels of
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digital connectivity. However, even in countries with less developed economies, such as
Nigeria and Vietnam, cryptocurrency adoption has been growing rapidly in recent years.
In September 2018, the President of Uzbekistan signed a decree that legalized
cryptocurrency exchanges in the country. The decree also introduced a licensing regime for
cryptocurrency exchanges and established a legal framework for the taxation of
cryptocurrency transactions.
In December 2019, the National Agency for Project Management under the President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan (NAPM) banned the country’s residents from purchasing
cryptocurrencies, resulting in a massive blow to the country’s crypto industry. [2] Residents
are still permitted to hold and sell the crypto holdings that they already own, but they are
required to follow extensive identification procedures to curb money laundering. Non-
residents, on the other hand, were allowed to participate in the country’s first regulated
cryptocurrency exchange, Uznex, which was launched by Kobea Group, a technology company
from South Korea, starting January 2020. [3]
The regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies in Uzbekistan is still in its early stages of
development. According to data from CoinDance, a website that tracks global cryptocurrency
usage, the weekly trading volume of Bitcoin in Uzbekistan is typically around 2-3 Bitcoin,
which is a small fraction of the trading volume in other countries. [4]
In January 2020, the Central Bank of Uzbekistan issued a draft law on cryptocurrencies
and blockchain technology. [5] The law proposes to regulate the issuance, circulation, and use
of cryptocurrencies in Uzbekistan. This initiative could help to increase awareness and
adoption of cryptocurrencies in Uzbekistan, as it demonstrates the potential uses of
blockchain technology. The law also requires cryptocurrency exchanges to obtain a license
from the Central Bank and comply with anti-money laundering and terrorist financing
regulations.
Nowadays Uzbekistan still faces several challenges in its attempts to adopt
cryptocurrencies. One of the primary problems associated with cryptocurrencies in
Uzbekistan is the lack of legal recognition. While some countries have legalized
cryptocurrency, Uzbekistan has not yet done so. This means that there is no legal framework
for regulating cryptocurrency transactions, which could create legal issues for businesses and
individuals that use digital currencies. This lack of regulation also creates uncertainty and
makes it difficult for investors to assess the risks and opportunities associated with investing
in cryptocurrencies.
Another challenge facing cryptocurrency in Uzbekistan is the lack of awareness and
education about digital currencies. Many people in Uzbekistan are not familiar with
cryptocurrency and do not understand how it works. According to the World Bank, in 2017,
only 15% of adults in Uzbekistan had access to formal financial services, with only 4% having
a bank account. This lack of access to financial services can make it difficult for individuals to
participate in the cryptocurrency market, which requires a certain level of technological and
financial literacy. [6]
Security is another major concern surrounding cryptocurrency in Uzbekistan.
Cryptocurrency transactions are vulnerable to hacking, fraud, and other forms of cybercrime.
Without proper security measures in place, businesses and individuals may be hesitant to use
digital currencies.
In addition to these problems, Uzbekistan's banking system is not fully integrated with
the global financial system, which makes it difficult for businesses and individuals to transact
with cryptocurrencies. The lack of integration also makes it difficult for businesses and
individuals to convert cryptocurrencies into local currency.
For example, China has launched its own digital currency, the digital yuan, which is now
being used by millions of people. Other countries, such as the United States and Japan, have
also taken steps to regulate cryptocurrencies and promote their adoption. Japan was one of
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the first countries to recognize Bitcoin as legal tender in 2017, and since then, several
businesses in the country have started accepting cryptocurrencies as a means of payment. In
Switzerland, cryptocurrencies are regulated under the Financial Market Supervisory
Authority (FINMA), which has established guidelines for the issuance and trading of
cryptocurrencies. Similarly, the United States has a complex regulatory framework for
cryptocurrencies that varies from state to state.
There are several solutions to the challenges facing the adoption of cryptocurrencies in
Uzbekistan. Firstly, the government should develop a regulatory framework that governs the
use of cryptocurrencies. This framework should address issues such as taxation, licensing, and
security to create a conducive environment for the growth of the cryptocurrency market.
Secondly, the government should invest in developing the necessary infrastructure to
support cryptocurrency transactions, such as cryptocurrency exchanges and payment
gateways. This would create an enabling environment for businesses and individuals to adopt
cryptocurrencies as a mode of payment.
Government also need to invest in cybersecurity infrastructure and implement best
practices for securing cryptocurrency transactions. This could include measures such as two-
factor authentication, encryption, and regular security audits.
Finally, the government and private sector organizations should work together to
increase awareness and education about cryptocurrency. This could include public awareness
campaigns, training programs for businesses and individuals, and partnerships with
international organizations that can provide expertise and resources.
Overall, the adoption of cryptocurrencies in Uzbekistan is still in its early stages, and
several challenges need to be addressed to promote widespread adoption. However, with the
government's increasing interest in blockchain technology and the potential benefits it could
bring to the country's economy, it is likely that the adoption rate of cryptocurrencies will
increase in the coming years.
The issues of cryptocurrency use in Uzbekistan can be resolved through the
development of a regulatory framework, increasing access to cryptocurrency exchanges,
improving security, and increasing awareness among the population. It will recommend that
the government embraces cryptocurrency use to benefit from its potential. Additionally, it will
emphasize the importance of comparing cryptocurrency use in Uzbekistan with other
countries to learn from their experiences. By taking these steps, Uzbekistan can position itself
as a leader in the adoption of digital currencies in the region, promoting economic growth and
innovation.
References
1.
Chainalysis.
(2020).
2020
Global
Crypto
Adoption
Index.
Retrieved
from
https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/global-crypto-adoption-index-2020
2.
Uzbekistan Introduces New Proposals To Lift Ban On Crypto Trading In The
, Digital Coin Standard (May 7, 2021)
3.
Helen Partz, Uzbek presidential agency proposes legalizing domestic crypto trading,
4.
Oltinson, B. (2020, May 20). Uzbekistan is letting licensed crypto exchanges operate in the
country. Decrypt. Retrieved from
https://decrypt.co/29389/uzbekistan-is-letting-licensed-crypto-
exchanges-operate-in-the-country
5.
Central Bank of Uzbekistan. (2020). Draft law on digital assets.
6.
World Bank. (2018). Uzbekistan Financial Sector Assessment Program. Retrieved from
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29331
7.
3 Uzbekistan Blockchain Association. (2020). Cryptocurrency and blockchain market research
report
in
Uzbekistan.
Retrieved
from
https://uzblockchain.uz/media/reports/Blockchain_and_Cryptocurrency_Research_Report_in_Uzbekista