Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Some essential peculiarities of interpretation in
translation
Kholiddin SHOMUKHAMMADOV
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2024
Received in revised form
10 May 2024
Accepted 25 May 2024
Available online
25 June 2024
This article examines the multidimensional features of
interpretation in the translation process using the example of
Oscar Wilde's "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" from English into
Russian and Uzbek. The main attention is paid to theoretical
approaches to achieving the adequacy of translation, including
issues of hermeneutics and the need to interpret linguistic units
that reflect national spirituality. The article analyzes how
interlingual translation should contribute to the understanding
of the text by recipients of information, justifying the importance
of integrating interpretative aspects into the translation process.
Various theoretical approaches that can improve the practice of
translation are discussed.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss1
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
translation,
interpretation,
interlingual transformation,
features of language,
linguistics,
translation materials.
Tarjimada talqinning ba’zi muhim o’ziga xos xususiyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
tarjima,
talqin,
tillararo transformatsiya,
til xususiyatlari,
tilshunoslik,
tarjima materiallari.
Maqolada tarjima jarayonida talqinning o'ziga xos
xususiyatlari xususida so'z boradi. Maqola ingliz yozuvchisi O.
Uayldning “The ballada of Reading Gaol” asarini ingliz tilidan rus
va o'zbek tillariga tarjima qilishidagi talqinning o‘ziga xos
xususiyatlari
ga bag‘ishlangan. Asliyat va tarjima o'rtasidagi
adekvatlikka erishish yo'llarini asoslaydigan turli nazariyalar
mavjud. Germenevtika nuqtai nazaridan milliy ma’naviyat
tashuvchisi bo‘lgan til birliklarining talqinini tarjimaga kiritish
zarur. Tarjima tillararo transformatsiya sifatida birinchi navbatda
1
Teacher, Uzbekistan State World Languages University.
2
Teacher, Uzbekistan State World Languages University.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
861
axborotni qabul qiluvchining tushunishini ta'minlashi kerak,
maqolada, shu kabi nazariyalar muhokama qilingan.
Некоторые существенные особенности интерпретации
при переводе
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
перевод,
интерпретация,
межъязыковая
трансформация,
особенности языка,
лингвистика,
переводческие материалы
.
В данной статье рассматриваются многоаспектные
особенности интерпретации в процессе перевода на
примере "Баллады о Редингской тюрьме" Оскара Уайльда с
английского на русский и узбекский языки. Основное
внимание
уделяется
теоретическим
подходам
к
достижению адекватности перевода, включая вопросы
герменевтики и необходимость толкования языковых
единиц, отражающих национальную духовность. Статья
анализирует, как межъязыковое преобразование должно
способствовать
пониманию
текста
получателями
информации,
обосновывая
значимость
интеграции
толковательных аспектов в процесс перевода. Обсуждаются
различные теоретические подходы, которые могут
улучшить практику переводческой деятельности
INTRODUCTION
The relevance of the article is determined, first of all, by the fact that in comparative
linguistics this topic has not yet been properly studied and has not been subjected to a
special comprehensive study from the point of view of hermeneutics. The main goal of this
study is to identify and describe the principle of transferring the most significant elements
of the original in V. Bryusov’s translation of O. Wilde’s “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” from
English into Russian. The following specific tasks are expected to be solved: a brief
description of interpretive theory in translation; identification and systematization of
vocabulary elements that convey the originality of the material under study; and
characterization of the structure of translation material in a comparative aspect. Scientific
novelty - for the first time, the work attempts to comprehensively study the analogy of the
poetic method, to show its substantive and formal elements. Theoretical significance - this
material enriches science on the topic under study. The results of the work under study
can be used in translation studies at philological faculties of universities.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
In translation studies, existing theoretical models of translation have more than
once been subject to critical assessment, the shortcomings of which, according to the fair
remark of V.N. Komissarov, lie in the imperfection of the transfer of translation material
[1, p. 61]. Thus, the transformation theory points to the need to verify the invariant
syntactic structures of the source and translated texts, the denotative concept
substantiates the principles of identifying the representation of the original situation in
the original and translation, and the theory of dynamic equivalence proposes achieving
functional similarity in the reactions of different recipients of information [2].
Unfortunately, the theory of equivalence levels, developed by opponents of these concepts,
obviously cannot be considered a universal and reliable means of achieving the desired
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
862
adequacy of the original and translation. Designed to establish cross-level correspondence
between the original and the translation, this theory does not stipulate the extent to which
the national content of the source text is preserved and the recipient’s
adequate
understanding of the translation.
Meanwhile, these aspects, in our opinion, are decisive in any translational theory.
On this occasion, L.A. Chernyakhovskaya believes that only a certain part of the public is
satisfied with the adaptation of the original text to the standards of the language system
expressing the translation [3, p. 62].
On the other hand, an “untamed” translation can turn an inexperienced reader away
from reading, causing him to be bewildered by the use of unusual linguistic structures. The
writer and the one who translates the text can find images of the original language both
valuable and dear. In the case where they do not abandon them in translation activities,
the meaning of these elements must be conveyed to the attention of readers. In this regard,
they should not immediately try to find another replacement for the original concept,
including trying to include the addressee in the figurative world of the original language.
Translation in this case includes an explanation of the semantic plan of the phrase.
“Saturday afternoon before Easter in the grocery business is what my August and
illiterate son would call for the birds” [4, p. 60].
“Selling groceries on the eve of Easter is, as my august and ignorant son [5] would
say, “a lost cause,” it’s better to immediately feed everything to the birds.”
The expression for the birds in American slang means “a dead thing,” but we have
also given an approximate expanded version of its original English form. In such
transformations, interpretation in footnotes is not excluded, in which the meaning of the
original phrase is revealed. In all translation theories, to understand the truth, the most
important thing is to pay attention not only to the constant elements of the content but
also to the form of the word. This idea belongs to M. Heidegger, who calls to look into the
inner world of language and find out what language “says” [6, p. 33]. In addition, the one
who examines the material should not look at the elements that are denationalized, but
pay attention to the meaning that conveys originality. According to the theory of
hermeneutics, it is imperative to include the interpretation of not all linguistic structures
that the writer uses but to introduce those units that have individual characteristics of the
content of the national spirit. The translator must
be able to bring to the reader’s attention
the fact of what is happening and reproduce its conceptual originality, giving a national
flavor (for example, “Palm Sunday” is correlated for the Germans with a “palm tree”
-
“Palmsonntag”). It seems to us a good clarification of the word “flower garden” to the name
of this holiday in the story “Vanga” by the Bulgarian writer K. Stoyanov [7, p. 15], which is
by no means perceived in the text as banal exoticism. By the way, here we see one of the
possibilities for enriching languages through borrowing. Found in translations, tracing
paper gradually becomes assimilated into the conceptual system of the translating
language, losing its original foreignness, and becomes accessible to the foreign language
consciousness.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In addition, tracing papers from one language can receive support from identical
elements of other linguistic systems. For example, the Bulgarian lexeme “flower garden” is
similar in content to the French name for this holiday “Fleuries”; The English
-German
lexical parallels of “Palm Sunday”
-
“Palmsunday”
-
“Palmsonntag” are also natural. It is
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
863
easy to see that the technique proposed here does not reject equivalent translation
methods, but unlike the translation models listed above, strives to interpret the lexical
elements of the source text after a certain limit, from which compensatory permutations
in the target language usually begin. Strictly speaking, there is nothing unexpected in the
interpretive method. By defining translation as an interlingual transformation, we often
consign to oblivion the translation traditions of antiquity, whose main concern was not the
search for a successful translation equivalent, but primarily the accessibility of the
transformation to the understanding of the recipient of the information. However, the
movement of translation science into the interpretive plane is accompanied in the works
of some translation theorists by contrasting the method of interpretation with proven
techniques for achieving the identity of texts in the source and target languages, which, in
essence, leads to the replacement of adequate translation with a hermeneutic approach.
Moreover, the true values of the equivalent translation are distorted. Thus, the West
German scientist F. Paepke [9, p. 108] believes that equivalent translation is aimed at
reproducing the semantic-syntactic homogenei
ty of texts (Textkohärenz), leading to their
identity (Gleichneit), while interpretive translation strives to achieve proximity
(Ähnlichkeit). Similarly, proponents of the hermeneutic approach argue, just as two eggs,
despite their external similarity, are deprived of interrelation, so in the case of an
equivalent translation, the similarity does not reveal the essence of their overall picture.
However, the very concept of “proximity” cannot serve as a sufficient basis for
differentiating hermeneutic and adequate methods of translation. Along this line, for
example, the opposition of equivalent replacement to the formal method of interlingual
transformation is built, where the coincidence of the original and the copy is close to ideal.
A literal translation, in our opinion, contradicts the interpretative approach, because the
literal transmission of a foreign language text in the translation language does not make it
less alien to the reader. Translation interpretation is disgusted by the costs of language
transfers, which are replete with translations, for example, by A. Krivtsova and E. Lann
(“lethargic young man” instead of “sluggish”, “will send you under the pump” (to pump) in
the meaning of “lead to exhaustion”, etc. d.) [10], i.e., the literal translati
on is not
accompanied by understanding.
The essence of hermeneutic translation lies in an adequate understanding of what
is expressed by the writer. Where the equivalent translation stops, hermeneutics knows
no boundaries, because the credo of the translator-interpreter is to equalize the knowledge
of the author and the reader about the subject and the translated material should be
clearer and more understandable than the original material [8, p. 384]. Hence the
characterization of translation as the “enlightenment” and “enlightenment” of the
tra
nslator, striving to penetrate the author’s intention and become an accomplice in the
creative impulse (Mitvollzug). True, neither F. Paepke, nor even less H.-G. Gadamer do not
propose a specific methodology for performing translation, but this issue should be the
topic of a separate study. We considered it necessary in this work not only to recall the
existence of another translation concept but also to reveal, at least superficially, the
possibilities of its practical application. In connection with the a
bove, V. Bryusov’s
translation of O. Wilde’s “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” from English into Russian is of
particular interest. V. Bryusov’s goal was to convey the general impression of the original
as fully and deeply as possible. The poet defended in his articles on literary translation the
principle of conveying the most significant elements of the original text and omitting
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
864
everything that is unimportant. Both substantive and formal elements may be essential for
each specific case. The predominance of reason over feelings in his poetry, as well as the
desire to technically “work out” poems, could not but contribute to the gre
ater accuracy of
his translations. The analytical nature of the poetic method and the breadth of erudition
made it possible to penetrate deeper into the national specifics of the original.
Following the tradition of perceiving O. Wilde’s work as poetry of suffering, V.
Bryusov brought precisely this idea to the fore in his translation. Translating the
description of prison suffering, V. Bryusov removes symbolic metaphors: “The brackish
water that we drink / Creeps with a loathsome slime, / And the bitter bread they weigh in
scales / Is full of chalk and lime” [11]. –
“They give us rotten water here, / We drink it with
silt; / Here the bread, which is strictly weighed, is mixed / With lime and
sand” / [12].
Consequently, the associative connection between the moral and physical suffering of
prisoners is lost.
Conclusion. In general, the translation by V. Bryusov shows a general overstatement
of style. This affected, in particular, the vocabulary he used. Thus, the noun cell, which has
several meanings in English (1. Prison cell, 2. Grave, 3. Cell, 4. Basement), he translates as
cell, which sounds dissonant next to the description of the vices that flourish in prison, in
his translation very specific. V. Bryusov deeply penetrates the specifics of the original. He
widely uses the technique of functional substitutions relating to both elements of content
and form.
REFERENCES:
1.
Komissarov V.N. A word about translation. M, edited version. 2003.
2.
Fedorov A.V. Fundamentals of the general theory of translation. M, 2008.
3.
Chernyakhovskaya L.A. Translation and semantic structure. M, International
Relations, 2006.
4.
Steinbeck J. The Winter of our Discontent. New York, 2005.
5.
Translations of sentences before the beginning of the phraseological units
highlighted by us are borrowed from the publication: J. Steinbeck. The Grapes of Wrath.
The winter of our anxiety. Minsk, 2007.
6.
Heidegger M. Unterwegs zur Sprache. Tubingen, 2000.
7.
Abdukhafizovna, Y. S. (2021). The peculiarities of using distance learning and
independent work in the teaching process. ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(4), 309-315.
8.
Gadamer H.G. Wahrheit und Methode: Grundzüge einer philosophischen
Hermeneutik. Tubingen, 2000.
9.
Paepcke F. Im Übersetzen Leben. Übersetzen als Textvergleich. Tubingen, 2006.
10.
Dickens Ch. Posthumous Notes of the Pickwick Club. Moscow, 2004.
11.
Wilde O. Selections from Oscar Wilde. In 2 vol. Moscow, 2009.
12.
Wilde O. The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Translation by V. Bryusov. M, 2008.
