Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
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Genesis and the formation of the criminology terminological
apparatus
Shokhjakhon KHASHIMOV
1
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2024
Received in revised form
10 October 2024
Accepted 25 October 2024
Available online
25 November 2024
The article focuses on examining the specificities surrounding
the creation and evolution of the criminology terminology
apparatus. This subject is particularly relevant because the
development of a conceptual and terminological framework is
one of the key indicators of a science's qualitative status. The
study delves into how these terms and concepts have been
formulated, adapted, and refined over time, reflecting the
dynamic nature of criminology as a scientific discipline.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss5
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
criminalistics,
terms,
terminological apparatus,
terminology,
criminalistic terminology,
criminal law sciences.
Genezis va kriminologiyaning terminologik apparatining
shakllanishi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
kriminalistika,
atamalar,
terminologik apparatlar,
terminologiya,
kriminalistik terminologiya,
jinoyat huquqi fanlari.
Kriminologiya terminologiya apparati yaratilishi va
evolyutsiyasining
o‘ziga
xos
xususiyatlarini
o‘rganish
maqolaning asosiy yo‘nalishi hisoblanadi. Fanning hozirgi sifat
holatini belgilaydigan ko‘rsatkichlardan biri uning konseptual va
terminologik apparatining rivojlanishi ekanligini hisobga olsak,
bu savol juda o‘rinli ko‘rinadi.
1
PhD student, Teacher, Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
516
Генезис
и
формирование
терминологического
аппарата криминалистики
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
криминалистика,
термины,
терминологический
аппарат,
терминология,
криминалистическое
терминоведение,
уголовно-правовые науки.
Статья посвящена исследованию формирования и
эволюции терминологического аппарата криминологии.
Поскольку
развитие
понятийно-терминологического
аппарата является одним из ключевых показателей,
определяющих современный уровень науки, данная тема
представляется чрезвычайно актуальной.
Language as a means of interaction between subjects and a tool for the accumulation
and transmission of information appeared much earlier than the beginning of the period
of formation of the scientific field of knowledge. It happened more than 600 thousand
years ago. Since then, being in constant development, he embodied many aspects of human
existence and consciousness, therefore, questions about his meaning and essence affect
global philosophical problems of cognition.
A peculiar tool for the acquisition, storage, reproduction and transmission of special
information are terms that together form a special system of linguistic expression of
special concepts (terminology).
The importance and relevance of problematic aspects of the terminological
apparatus of criminology is emphasized by the increased attention of scientists to this
issue. For example, publications by T.V. Averyanova, O.Ya. Baev, A.R. Belkin, R.S. Belkin,
A.I. Vinberg, T.S. Volchetskaya, A.Yu. Golovin, E.A. Zaitseva, A.M. Zinin, N.P. Mailis,
E.R. Rossinskaya, A.A. were devoted to certain problems in this area. Eisman, N.P. Yablokov
and other scientists.
The word criminology originated in 1890. The general meaning of the term is the
scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon, of criminals and of penal institutions.
Prof. Kenny described that Criminology is a branch of criminal science which deals with
crime causation, analysis and prevention of crime‖. Criminology as a branch of knowledge
is concerned with those particular conducts of human behavior which are prohibited by
society. It is, therefore, a socio-legal study which seeks to discover the causes of criminality
and suggests the remedies to reduce crimes. Therefore, it flows that criminology and
criminal policy are interdependent and mutually support one another. Thus, criminology
seeks to study the phenomenon of criminality in its entirety.
Currently, in the scientific community, the position that criminology, having its own
subject and object of research, is an independent field of knowledge, occupies a dominant
position, but, on the other hand, we cannot dispute the fact that it was developed on the
basis of and under the direct influence and influence of other various sciences of criminal
law the cycle, in particular, of criminal law, criminal procedure law, etc. It follows quite
logically from this that the formation and development of forensic terminology. It is
directly related to the terminological apparatus of these basic sciences of the criminal law
block. Therefore, the existing terminological contradictions and a number of unresolved
controversial issues in the system of terminological apparatus, for example, criminal or
criminal procedure law, cause certain difficulties in the terminological system of
criminology.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
517
So, at the beginning of the XX century (1926–1929), some scientists argued that the
search for a criminal, the pursuit and detention of him, as well as the search for objects
obtained by criminal means, refers exclusively to the problems of criminal (criminalistic)
tactics.
In this regard, I.N. Yakimov believed that "investigative art should be classified
among the most difficult arts, since its object is not dead material ... but a person. In this
respect, it is closer to the art of war, since both deal with a living person and rely on the
psychology of both an individual and the masses" [6,43].
It was only in 1949 that A.I. Vinberg and B.M. Shaver for the first time attempted to
leave criminology only to solve issues related to the search for a known criminal and stolen
valuables [4,162, 215]. In the same year, N.V. Terziev introduced the concept of "search for
missing persons" [2,182-184].
As E.A. Pryanishnikov rightly noted, "in accordance with the laws of dialectical
materialism, the most important property is unity: the phenomenon of reality – the
concept – the term"[3,114].
Note that, in our opinion, the modern Russian literary language has such a feature
from the point of view of the conceptual apparatus of criminology that one word (phrase)
has several meanings, that is, most words are polysemantic, whereas the term should
accurately denote one or another concept in science. However, this does not affect the
formulation of definitions of concepts at all. "Ambiguity, uncertainty of explanations and,
as a result, the reader's misunderstanding of the formulated. For scientists, thoughts are
by no means the result of using natural language in scientific language, but on the contrary,
an indicator of poor command of the Russian literary language," notes E.S. Lapin [1,21].
The indicated example clearly shows how the term "investigative activity of an
investigator" appeared has gone through a long path of development (from 1926 until the
70s of the last century), acquiring certain sides or shades depending on the evolutionary
turns of the formation of the field of knowledge about the disclosure and investigation of
crimes. It is noteworthy that the development of certain theoretical provisions in this
direction continues at the present time.
Thus, the formation of the terminological apparatus of criminology is a long and
complex process that takes place under the influence of not only a number of sciences of
the criminal law block, but also a variety of natural, technical, economic and social sciences,
the achievements of which criminology successfully combines. At the same time, this
process, taking into account the constant new discoveries in all these sciences, which
criminology takes over, is quite active at the present time.
We also emphasize that one of the most significant and large-scale changes in recent
years in our society can be considered the intensive development of information
technologies, their introduction into all spheres of social, industrial and other relations,
which significantly affected the terminology used both in science and in the field of law
enforcement, including, forensic. In our opinion, in some cases this has led to the
unjustified introduction of computer jargon into the scientific and legal language.
The study of crime and criminal must proceed on a scientific basis by carefully
analyzing various aspects associated therewith and must necessarily suggest measures
proposed to suppress criminality. It must be added that with new crimes emerging in the
modern complexities of life, we seem increasingly concerned about the problem of crime.
Today destructive acts of vandalism, highway, train and bank robberies, looting, bomb
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
518
blasts, rape, illegitimate terrorist activities, white-collar crimes, cybercrimes,
criminalization of politics, hijacking, etc., are constantly increasing which have posed a
positive danger to human life, liberty and property. Modern criminologists, therefore,
seem to be seriously concerned with the problem of crime to protect the society from such
anti-social activities of criminals. It is for this reason that the two sister branches of
criminal science, namely, criminology and penology work hand in hand to appreciate the
problem of criminality in its proper perspective.
In addition, even attempts to rename science are justified in the scientific literature,
such terms as "digital forensics", "computer forensics", "electronic criminology", "cyber
criminalism" and other "criminalistics" are introduced. It only confuses not only theory,
but also the field of law enforcement.
We believe that the emergence of new technologies should serve only as a tool, open
up new opportunities in forensic technology and tactics, and not serve as a basis for
revising the fundamental provisions of science, especially to correct its name.
The study in retrospect showed that the terminological apparatus of criminalistics
developed and improved in parallel with the whole science, while in the work the author
focuses on the influence on the process of forming the terminology of criminalistics not
only of those sciences within which it was originally developed (criminal investigation,
criminal procedure and criminal investigation), but also a variety of natural, technical,
economic and social sciences, the achievements of which criminology successfully
combines.
The indicated features of the formation of the terminological apparatus of
criminology necessitate the pursuit of consistency, uniformity and unambiguity of
perception by all subjects of all terms used both in theory and in practice, which will
contribute to mutual understanding and increase the effectiveness of their interaction.
This is especially important within the framework of a single terminological space formed
by all sciences of the criminal law block, which presupposes the development of a unified
approach to all elements of the terminological apparatus used in it. This it is also a rather
serious problem, causes difficulties not only in theory, but also in law enforcement practice
and requires increased attention from scientists to analyze and discuss these issues, find
appropriate solutions, since at the moment not all terms used are interpreted and
perceived in the same way not only within the same discipline, but also Moreover, in the
interdisciplinary space that is being formed.
It is concluded that the concepts of criminology form a complex, multilevel, integral
system, and the designated features of the formation of the terminological apparatus of
criminology necessitate the desire for consistency, uniformity and unambiguity of
perception by all subjects of all terms used both in theory and in practice, which will
contribute to mutual understanding and increase the effectiveness of their interaction.
This is especially important within the framework of a single terminological space formed
by all the sciences of the criminal law block, which involves the development of a unified
approach to all elements of the terminological apparatus that is used in it.[5]
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
519
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государственный университет, Россия, Тула.
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