Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Evolution of phraseological units in post-pandemic society
Shirin SHERALIYEVA
1
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2025
Received in revised form
10
February 2025
Accepted 25 February 2025
Available online
25 March 2025
The main objective of this research is to analyze changes in
the phraseological units of the language caused by the global
pandemic, as well as to identify new phraseological units that
have emerged in response to unique social and medical
realities. As an example, the views of different scientists on this
concept are given. The objectives of the current study include
investigating the impact of the pandemic on the semantics of
existing phraseological units, analyzing phraseological
innovations in medical terminology, studying the cultural
aspects of these changes, as well as identifying the linguistic
features of new phraseological units and prospects for their
further study in the context of language dynamics.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss3
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
phrase,
phraseology,
phraseological units,
pandemic,
coronavirus,
coronavirus pandemic,
semantics,
scientific text,
discourse,
scientific discourse.
Postpandemik jamiyatda frazeologik birliklar evolyutsiyasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
ibora,
frazeologiya,
frazeologik birliklar,
pandemiya,
koronavirus,
koronavirus pandemiyasi,
semantika,
ilmiy matn,
diskurs,
ilmiy diskurs.
Mazkur tadqiqotdan ko‘zlangan asosiy maqsad – global
pandemiya tufayli tilning frazeologik tarkibidagi o‘zgarishlarni
tahlil qilish, shuningdek, noyob ijtimoiy va tibbiy voqelikka
javoban paydo bo‘lgan yangi frazeologik birliklarni aniqlashdan
iborat. Ushbu mavzu bo‘yicha bir qator ilmiy ishlar tadqiq
qilindi. Bu masalaga turli olimlarning qarashlari misol
tariqasida keltirilgan. Tadqiqotning maqsadi pandemiyaning
mavjud frazeologik birliklar semantikasiga ta’sirini o‘rganish,
tibbiy terminologiyadagi frazeologik yangiliklarni tahlil
qilish, ushbu o‘zgarishlarning madaniy jihatlarini o‘rganish,
shuningdek,
yangi
frazeologik
birliklarning
lingvistik
xususiyatlarini va ularni til dinamikasi kontekstida keyingi
o‘rganish istiqbollarini aniqlashdan iborat.
1
Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Uzbekistan State World Languages University. Tashkent,
Uzbekistan. E-mail: hirin.3009@mail.ru
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
51
Эволюция фразеологических единиц в постпандемическом
обществе
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
словосочетание,
фразеология,
фразеологические
единицы,
пандемия,
коронавирус,
пандемия коронавируса,
семантика,
научный текст,
дискурс,
научный дискурс.
Основной целью данного исследования является анализ
изменений в фразеологическом составе языка, вызванных
глобальной пандемией, а также выявление новых
фразеологических единиц, которые возникли в ответ на
уникальные социальные и медицинские реалии. На эту
тему написано ряд научных работ. В качестве примера
приведены взгляды разных ученых на эту концепцию.
Задачи исследования включают изучение влияния
пандемии на семантику существующих фразеологизмов,
анализ фразеологических инноваций в медицинской
терминологии, исследование культурных аспектов этих
изменений,
а
также
выявление
лингвистических
особенностей
новых
фразеологических
единиц
и
перспектив их дальнейшего изучения в контексте
языковой динамики.
INTRODUCTION
As it is acknowledged, phraseological units are an integral part of our speech,
helping to express certain thoughts and feelings. During the coronavirus pandemic,
changes began to be felt in the use of these units in our speech, as this period changed not
only our daily lives and our attitude to the world around us but also our way of
communicating with others. The study of phraseological innovations in the context of the
coronavirus pandemic is a relevant and timely work reflecting the changes in the
language caused by global crises. The coronavirus pandemic has not only changed
everyday life but also had a significant impact on the lexical composition of the language,
which is demonstrated by the phraseological units that appeared or were modified
during this period.
At the time when the whole world was facing a global problem in the form of the
coronavirus pandemic, language, as a sociocultural phenomenon, had inevitably changed.
As a result, phraseology, as a branch of linguistics, has not remained aloof from these
changes and has begun to actively adapt to the new reality. Therefore, in this research,
we will consider phraseological units in the era of coronavirus, in particular,
phraseological expressions from the perspective of the pandemic, online communication
and phraseology, and the features of the process of globalization and intercultural
communication. In other words, we will investigate the specifics of phraseological
innovations in the coronavirus pandemic.
LITERATURE REVIEW
One of the most active processes of language development is the renewal of the
lexical layer of the language through new terms and expressions that reflect the changing
realities of the world. The problems of neologisms, including neologisms in the area of
phraseology, were addressed by many prominent Russian scholars (Vinogradov 1977,
Shcherba 1974, Zhukov 1996, Shansky 1972, Vinogradov 2001, Teliya 1977, Mokienko
1989).
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
52
In Russian linguistics, many scientific articles, studies, and even a new dictionary
have been published devoted to phraseological innovations during the coronavirus
pandemic, in particular, scientific articles and studies by E.N. Gekkina (2021), H. Walter &
V.M. Mokienko (2021), N.V. Basko (2022), L. Danylenko (2022), V.I. Karasik (2020),
E.Yu. Voyakina (2021), E.I. Golovanova & S.I. Madzhaeva (2020), M.A. Krongauz (2020),
O.E. Chernova, Osipova, Pozdnyakova (2021). In addition, in 2021, the Scientific Research
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg published the dictionary
“Словарь русского языка коронавирусной эпохи” (Walter, Gromenko & Mokienko,
2021). This dictionary includes 3,500 words and stable combinations that have newly
appeared or become relevant in the Russian language in 2020-2021.
METHODOLOGY
To achieve the goal set in this research work and fulfill the set of tasks, based on
the
phraseological innovations in the coronavirus pandemic
in phraseology, in particular,
in contemporary linguistics, a multi-faceted interdisciplinary approach was used to study
and describe these units, and the following linguistic and interdisciplinary research
methods were used: linguistic description method (terminology in the description and
analysis of
phraseological innovations
as an object of phraseology); the method of
oppositions (
phraseological innovations
); methods of communicative linguistics, in
particular, the transformational method (in the analysis of semantic changes of
phraseological innovations
depending on the situation); semantic method (in
determining the meaning of phraseological units).
RESULTS
According to L. Danylenko (2022), “metaphors and allegories play an important
role in the language of the pandemic, helping people understand and explain complex
events. For example, the metaphor of 'war with the virus' has been actively used in
various contexts, from politics to medicine. We can see that allegories such as
“Черный
лебедь” – “Black Swan” or “новая нормальность” – “new normality”
help to describe and
understand the changes taking place in society”.
Russian linguist V.I. Karasik (2020), in his article “Epidemic in the Mirror of Media
Discourse: Facts, Assessments, Positions,” conducted a comprehensive and in-depth
analysis of the linguistic changes that have occurred in the Russian language during the
coronavirus (COVID-19). This article is devoted to the study of the reflection of the global
epidemic in media discourse. In particular, the scientists divided information about the
coronavirus on social networks into several groups and analyzed these groups in detail.
The article by N.V. Basko (2022), entitled “Фразеологические инновации
русского языка в эпоху коронавируса” is devoted to the linguistic analysis of
phraseological neologisms that appeared in the Russian language during the COVID-19
coronavirus epidemic and were widely used in speech. It examines the semantic,
etymological, and application features of phraseological neologisms in the Russian
language. For example, from a semantic point of view, the linguist divided all stable
expressions related to the coronavirus pandemic into two groups. These are:
1) a secondary naming group on the topic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19):
вирус
с короной, чума XXI века, уханьская зараза, уханьская чума, нулевой пациент,
первичный пациент, подцепить (поймать, словить) корону (заразиться, заболеть
коронавирусной инфекцией), выйти на плато, выход на плато, красная зона, зеленая
зона;
2) social problems, a group of new laws and regulations of social behavior that have
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
53
emerged as a result of the spread of coronavirus infection and the fight against the
coronavirus epidemic:
ковидный или коронавирусный светофор, красная зона,
желтая зона, зеленая зона, вертолетные деньги, социальная дистанция, сидеть
(отсиживаться) в бункере.
O.E. Chernova (2021) has classified all phraseological units that have appeared
during the coronavirus pandemic into three thematic groups. These are: 1) distance
learning and work group:
удаленная / дистанционная работа, временная удаленная
работа дистанционный работник, виртуальный офис, дистанционное обучение,
удаленный / дистанционный режим работы / обучения, электронное обучение,
электронная ведомость, электронный дневник и электронный журнал;
2) coronavirus prevention measures:
социальная дистанция, режим
самоизоляции, индекс самоизоляции, режим повышенной готовности, масочно-
перчаточный режим, пропускной режим, ограничительные меры, бесконтактная
доставка, бесконтактный термометр;
3) the specific characteristics of the new disease and its treatment group:
выйти
на плато, бессимптомный носитель, компьютерная томография (КТ),
инфузионная терапия, искусственная вентиляция легких (ИВЛ), вакцина от
коронавируса, гигиена рук, эпидемиологическая ситуация, красная зона
(Chernova,
Osipova & Pozdnyakova, 2021).
In our opinion, based on the above classifications, it is appropriate to divide all the
phraseological innovations used in the coronavirus pandemic into the following thematic
groups. 1)
Secondary naming group on the topic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19):
Uzbek:
tojli virus, XXI asr vabosi, uxan vabosi, kovidni yuqtirish, qizil hudud, yashil
hudud, zum-majlis, saturatsiyani o‘lchash, IVLga ulash, birinchi to‘lqin, ikkinchi to‘lqin,
profilaktik vaksina, kovid bo‘lmoq, masofaviy ta’lim, xemis platformasi, uyda qolish, uyda
ishlash, karantinga yopilmoq, ijtimoiy masofa; (corona
virus, 21st century cholera, Wuhan
cholera, covid infection, red zone, green zone, zoom meeting, measure saturation, get
ventilator, first wave, second wave, preventive vaccine, covid, distance education,
chemical platform, stay at home, stay at home work, quarantine, social distancing;
)
Russian:
коронавирусная пневмония, красная зона, измерять сатурацию
,
подключить на ИВЛ
,
вторая волна
,
очаг заражения
,
профилактическая вакцина
,
режим повышенной готовности
,
масочный режим
,
удаленный режим
,
дистанционное обучение, вирус с короной, чума XXI века, уханьская зараза, уханьская
чума, нулевой пациент, первичный пациент, подцепить (поймать, словить) корону
(заразиться, заболеть коронавирусной инфекцией);
(coronavirus pneumonia, red
zone, measure saturation, connect to ventilator, second wave, outbreak, preventive
vaccine, high alert mode, mask mode, remote mode, distance learning, corona virus,
plague of the 21st century, Wuhan epidemic, Wuhan plague, patient zero, primary
patient, catch (catch, say) corona (get infected, get sick with coronavirus infection);
English:
social
distance, social distancing, stay at home, flatten the curve, quarantine
and isolation, essential workers, pandemic fatigue, contact tracing, zoom fatigue, new
normal, mask up, COVIDiot, remote learning/work, vaccine rollout, herd immunity red zone,
patient zero, online party, self-isolation, testing and tracing, to disarm, lockdown,
epidemic disease, frontline heroes, virtual meetings/events, travel restrictions, frequent
handwashing, antibodies do.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
54
2)
A group of administrative actions to combat the pandemic and regulate the
daily life of society:
Uzbek:
yashil hudud, sariq hudud, qizil hudud, ijtimoiy masofa, masofaviy ta’lim,
zum-majlis, niqob rejimi; (green zone, yellow zone, red zone, social distance, distance
education, zoom meeting, mask regime;)
Russian:
красная зона, желтая зона, зеленая зона, вертолетные деньги,
социальная дистанция, сидеть (отсиживаться) в бункере;
English:
social
distance, social distancing, stay at home, flatten the curve, quarantine
and isolation, contact tracing, zoom fatigue, new normal, mask up, remote learning/work,
herd immunity red zone, yellow zone, green zone.
DISCUSSION
Based on the above analysis, it can be said that during the coronavirus pandemic,
phraseological units began to reflect changes in our worldview, values, and relationship
with the outside world. They have become not only a means of expressing thoughts and
feelings but also a reflection of our experience and perception of the current situation.
In addition, this period has led to the emergence of new phraseological units that reflect
the realities and problems that humanity may face. For example, today in our Uzbek
everyday speech, such expressions
uyda qolish, karantinda o‘tirish, masofadan ishlash,
masofaviy ta’lim, masofaviy muloqot, ijtimoiy masofa, masofani saqlash, xemis platformasi
(as stay at home, quarantine, remote work, distance learning, distance communication,
social distance, distance learning, chemical platform)
and others have become widely
used. These new phraseological units have begun to reflect not only changes in people’s
behavior but also their emotional state in conditions of uncertainty and fear. From this
point of view, it is important to study and analyze changes in the use of phraseological
units during the pandemic to better understand our speech and culture.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact
on linguistic expressions and phraseology, giving rise to the emergence of new
phraseological units, terms, metaphors, and allegories. During the pandemic, online
communication has become an integral part of our daily lives. This has led to various
changes in language practice and the use of phraseological units. For example, new
expressions related to remote work, distance learning, and virtual meetings have
appeared. Such changes during the globalization crisis have also had an impact on
phraseology, introducing new intercultural aspects and enriching linguistic resources.
This impact, in turn, has contributed to the development of phraseology and the
enrichment of linguistic heritage. Despite such difficulties, phraseological units continue
to develop and adapt to changing conditions. It is important to continue studying and
analyzing phraseological innovations to better understand language changes during the
coronavirus pandemic and their impact on communication and culture.
Needless to say, we should summarize the results of the study and highlight the
key points that were considered during the analysis of phraseological units that emerged
in the context of the global pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic that has engulfed the
entire world has not only changed people's daily lives but also had a significant impact on
language, in particular, phraseology. In the course of our study, we considered how the
new realities associated with the pandemic contributed to the emergence of innovative
phraseological units, as well as how existing phraseological units have changed their
semantics.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
55
Thus, the conducted study of phraseological innovations in the context of the
coronavirus pandemic allows us to conclude that language is a living and dynamic
phenomenon capable of quickly adapting to new conditions. The pandemic has become a
catalyst for changes in the language, leading to the emergence of new phraseological
units and a change in the semantics of existing ones. These changes not only reflect
current realities but also shape public consciousness, creating new cultural contexts.
Hence, it is essential to continue studying these processes to better understand how
language can serve as a tool not only for communication, but also for social adaptation in
the context of global challenges.
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