Cultural Studies

The article examines the internal, immanent features of Uzbek ethnoculture, aspects related to the national idea. The national ideological and ideological essence of artistic and aesthetic images and images in Uzbek ethnoculture is revealed. Forming an aesthetic ideal is the main function of Uzbek ethnoculture. In the article, the features of this function, issues of wider use of ethnocultural possibilities for its formation are studied from the point of view of national idea and ideology.

In the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of English language learning. In this article, I will discuss some of the most popular AI tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and Duolingo, and how they help students and teachers alike. I will highlight the opportunities they offer, as well as the challenges we face when integrating AI into language learning. The main focus is on how combining traditional learning methods with AI technology can enhance the learning experience.

The aim of the research work is to elaborate measures for further enhance the effectiveness of public administration on the basis of research into administrative culture processes in the executive branch of Uzbekistan.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists of the following:
uncovered the place of the deterministic interrelation of elements of administrative culture in improving the quality and efficiency of public governance, the factors of the development of a administrative culture on the basis of the structural and functional principle;
scientific conclusions were drawn up on the systematization of the democratic foundations of activating the human factor and the democratic model of enhancing the administrative culture in the executive branch;
philosophically justified the mechanisms of adaptation of the eastern and western approaches of administrative culture in Uzbekistan;
worked out the theory (algorithmic) and principles (individualism, structural functionalism, innovative and complex equilibrium, upbringing, continuity, decentralization) of strengthening the managerial potential of the society by comparative analysis of the reform’s tendencies of the executive power and the training of personnel for the civil service in Uzbekistan, as well as by the results of a sociological survey conducted among the local executive authorities.

In this article, according to the analysis of current trends and problems in the development of education, special attention is paid to the educational aspect of the educational content of domestic and foreign universities. High demands are placed not only on the professional training of any specialist, but also on his spiritual and moral character, attitude towards colleagues, society and the environment.

The aim of the research work: to reveal the interests of Uzbekistan in the processes of cooperation in Central Asia and to develop recommendations and proposals for the development of regional cooperation.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
the concepts of "cooperation", "bilateral cooperation", "multilateral cooperation" and "regional cooperation" arc politically characterized. The status of the mechanism for the development of interstate relations is defined;
it is revealed in the context of rapid changes and contradictions in the world that not only integration but also multilateral cooperation in interstate relations is an important factor of their sustainable development. The interaction of countries in the Central Asian region based on this conceptual idea, serve the community of interests;
it is scientifically studied the factors of realization (restoration of the Great Silk Road, all the countries of the region bordering Uzbekistan), the satisfaction of the interests of Uzbekistan (transport and communication systems, attraction of the region's natural resources to the world market, cooperation with neighbors for access to the nearest sea route) in Central Asia;
the opportunities have been developed (joint processing of energy resources, development of regional tourism, strengthening of people's diplomacy) to implement policies based on the principles of equality and mutual interest;
the mechanisms have been developed (the signing of regional agreements on cooperation between youth organizations, the establishment of the Youth Association in Central Asia), for activation of youth in the region in the development of regional cooperation.

The article is scientifically and practically based on the importance of virtual museums in shaping the interest of school students in
the fine arts and in shaping the educational competencies of students in the field of fine literacy

The article discusses the concepts of copping strategy, thinking, spirituality and the importance of copping strategy in enhancing
the thinking and spirituality of the individual

The present article seeks to explain the impact of the processes globalization on national cultures and the response of ethnic cultures to such processes from the viewpoint of alternate progress theories. The immanent connection between globalization and ethno-cultural diversity, proximity and national-cultural models of alternative development are the object of our research.In the current period, the communicative function of culture has expanded dramatically, transformation processes are taking place in it in accordance with global changes. In particular, forms of indirect communication (mobile phone, Internet) are making radical changes in this function. Now there is rapid rapprochement of cultures, exchange of experience and mutual enrichment. At the same time, it is necessary that the communicative function does not harm the diversity of ethno-cultures, does not interfere with intercultural communication in accordance with national interests, and especially does not focus on the decision-making of Western popular culture. No matter how much international dialogue and integration help to establish universal values and norms, they should not serve to make a culture in a mood of expansion become a dominant force.During the period of democratic reforms, scientific and practical research was started on the restoration of Uzbek ethnic culture, the use of its historical, educational and artistic-aesthetic possibilities. The state is leading the development of many types of folk creativity and art. However, comprehensive research of Uzbek ethnic culture, its genesis, sociological and axeological foundations, integration relations with the culture of sister nations, and comparison with other ethnic cultures in the system of these relations is one of the tasks before us. Philosophical studies conducted today are mainly empirical in nature, philosophical generalizations are rare in them. Therefore, there is a scientific-theoretical need to study cooperation, communication and integration between ethnic cultures under the influence of globalization from a philosophical point of view, without forgetting the allogenesis and ideogenesis of ethnic culture. It should focus not only on making philosophical generalizations, but also on finding ways to effectively use artistic-aesthetic possibilities, tools, and artifacts.

Homeland is the ground where you breathe first, the ground where you witness your first step, the corner where you witness your first
laugh. You can continue this, there is no limit to it. In fact, all this is missing about the homeland. The homeland is, in fact, the place where our umbilical cord blood was shed, the corner of our ancestors. The homeland is a concept that embodies the human psyche, lifestyle, consciousness and thinking, past, present and future. The homeland begins at the threshold, the place where he was born and raised. That is why it is necessary for a child to grow up in the house where he lives and breathes, to have eternal love and devotion to
the motherland, which is a magnificent and powerful place. Everyone's love for the motherland is breast milk. the mother is absorbed in her body by the goddess and the love of the parents, the child who loves his parents, their ancestors, their traditions, customs, professions, loves others as well. He is proud of his nation, people, literature, art, religion and culture, inspired by the nature of the country where he grew up, and understands the value of its sacred land. That is why the love and devotion to the motherland, which
is a magnificent and powerful place for a child to grow up in the house where he lives and breathes, is eternal

This article reflects the development of handicrafts in the southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the types of handicrafts
specific to this region, the national values formed in the oasis and continuing to this day. The article also reflects the conditions created by the state for artisans during the years of independence and the issue of state policy

Tourism has become one of the most important sectors of the economy in Uzbekistan, playing a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development. This sector contributes to the state’s development by creating employment opportunities, attracting foreign investment, generating foreign exchange earnings, and promoting cultural exchange .The development of tourism-related services arc key factors that positively influence Uzbekistan’s overall economic growth. This study explores some trends of tourism growth in our local society.

In this article, the content of the technology developed as a result of a brief scientific research on the content of the methodology for improving the technology of developing the pedagogical skills of future teachers in the media education environment is presented, and the possibilities of developing the pedagogical skills of future teachers will be expanded on the basis of the developed technology. The given recommendations serve to improve the professional skills of pedagogues.

Traveling encompasses a vast range of activities, from visiting places and engaging with locals to immersing oneself in the culture, traditions, and lifestyle of the place in question. Exploring new environments or cultures is always refreshing. People travel for different purposes; business and education is one, while some travel for leisure or even self-growth. Whether wishing to visit a neighboring city or hoping onto a plane to experience the world, there is no limit to how one goes about travel. Travel opens doors to numerous opportunities and possibilities. Discovering new interfaces becomes a new part of life from which one can learn something new about oneself. It's truly stepping out of your comfort zone.

Mazkur maqolamizda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi jinoyat-protsessual qonunchiligiga muvofiq tergovga qadar tekshiruv davrida o‘tkaziladigan protsessual va tergov harakatlarining tavsifi, ularni qanday holatlarda o‘tkazish zarurligi haqida so‘z yuritilgan.

Subject of research: Samarqand city touristic destination of Samarqand city as the destination providing stable development of tourism.
Purpose of work: working out scientifically grounded organizational mechanism of strategic planning at touristic destinations in conditions of modernized economy.
Methods of research: the following ways of researching economic and administrative processes were used, comparative, systematic approach, logical statistic analysis, SWOT-analysis, economy-mathematic modeling, sociological research, and expert evaluation.
The results obtained and their novelty: the essence and the role of the following notions in the system of tourism were identified “touristic destination” and “strategic planning the development of tourism”; the model of interrelations within the framework of touristic destination was suggested; complex evaluating exterior and interior environment of strategic planning in Samarqand city according to SWOT analysis has been done and strategic matrix was suggested; Organizational mechanism of forming strategic planning system in Samarqand city was worked out and appropriate recommendations on how to provide its effective work were prepared; recommendations were given on the members of the Strategic Committee on Tourism at Samarqand regional municipality in order to work out strategies and programmers of developing the sphere of tourism in the city; the forecast of the indicators of the development of tourism in Samarqand region strategic plan.
Practical value: most of theoretical researches, conclusions and recommendations were reduced to clear methodological recommendations; and organs of administrating tourism as well as the authority of the city can use them in order to organize the process of planning in their regions to develop tourism. The conclusion and recommendations of the dissertation can be the basis for further researches in the theory and practice of forming touristic complexes of cities and touristic planning. The results of the research can be used in preparing economists, managers, marketologists, tour operators in the system of higher, vocational education, and in the sphere of services.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: recommendation on organizational structure of the strategic plan of developing tourism in Samarqand city were accepted by the regional municipality of the city and the main results of the research work were implemented into the practical activity of touristic enterprises. Besides, the results of the work were accepted by Samarqand state university and the institute of economy and service for the implementation into the educational process.
Field of application: can be widely used in; subjects in the sphere of tourism; organizations dealing with participants of relations connected with the processes of touristic services and their monitoring; sphere of education; sphere of services, service, organizing and development of the activity of subjects of small business and entrepreneurship.

Subjects of the inquiry: “Asos-ul-baloga” by Makhmud Zamakhshari
Aim of the inquiry: to investigate “Asos-ul-baloga” by the side of soursc studies. To show the role of the work in Arabic lexicography, its influence on next Arabic dictionaries.
Methods of the inquiry: Dcscriptional, statistical and historical-comparative methods have been used in the work.
The results achieved and their novelty: It’s the first time that “Asos-ul-baloga” was studied from the point of view of source study. It was determined the manuscript and cditional copies that were kept in the world fonds. “Asos-ul-baloga” was carried on constitutive analyses. The sources which were based on “Asos-ul-baloga” were found and they analysed.
Practical value: This work will help to new scientific search studying the scientific legacy of Makhmud Zamakhshari and to analyse his lexicography. The dissertation will be the main source of educational programms for Literary Sourse Studies and Manuscript Studies, the history of Arabic lexicography in Higher Educational Institutions, preparing lectures on it special courses for students.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: 13 articles were published on the results.
Sphere of usage: sourse studies, Arabic sourse studies, manuscript studies, linguisty, the history of Arabic linguisty, Arabic lexicography.

This article describes the social features of ethnoculture. It is emphasized that one of the main social characteristics and essence of ethnoculture is that it encourages people to create new cultural assets, to create, to search, to make the environment more beautiful, pleasant, and humane. The process of globalization and popular culture are also discussed.

The article examines the historical-archaeological approach to the study of ethnocultural, the mythological-religious approach, the sociolinguistic approach, the economic-formational approach, the folkloristic approach, the geographical-ethnographic approach, the socio-pedagogical approach, the artistic-aesthetic approach, the civilization approach, the sociological (sociodynamic) approach, the philosophical-cultural approaches. Also, ethnic signs, signs, components of the process of formation of Ethnos are illuminated. Subetnik-ethnic-superetnik systems of the Uzbek ethnoculture are studied.

This article talks about the scientific heritage and creativity of Sufi Allahyor. Also, in our article, the life and work of the scholar, his works, and their significance today are studied. Reasonable opinions and comments are used throughout the article. The conclusion is given at the end of the article.

The new image of Uzbekistan, which is being renewed by the world's leading initiatives in this direction, is being presented to the world community. In turn, it deserves high recognition and support from the international community. The article discusses reforms in religion and religious education in New Uzbekistan.

In this article, the Uzbek ethnocultural methods of recreation and entertainment have been investigated through calendar holidays, recitals, and nature-related rituals.

Orientalist Vasiliy Vladimirovich Bartold became widely known for his works about the history of the East, especially the history of the peoples of Central Asia, and demonstrated his works to the world. From a young age, Bartold was fascinated by the vast Central Asian culture of eight million people (as of the end of the 19th century)

The aim of the research is to develop scientifically based proposals and recommendations on their improvement and development based on a comprehensive study of international legal issues of cooperation in the field of education of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Scientific novelty of the research includes the followings:
on the basis of existing theories and doctrines of international law development of the author's definition of the concept "International legal cooperation in the field of education";
determination of the periodization and trends in the development of international legal regulation of state cooperation in the field of education;
theoretical justification of the formation of a new branch of international educational law in the system of modem international law;
the formulation of special principles governing cooperation in the field of education and the disclosure of their normative content;
the identification of the specifics of the contractual form of cooperation between states, as well as the specifics of the implementation of international standards in the field of education;
the identification and justification of the long-term development prospects of the national model of education by harmonizing it with modem advanced models and trends in the development of education in the world and on their basis the development of the Concept for the Development of Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
developing science-based proposals for improving the institutional and legal framework in the field of international cooperation in the field of education.

Pedagogik faoliyatda o‘qituvchining kasbiy sifati ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonida axloqiy, yo‘l-yo‘riqlarni va kasbiy burchlarni qanday bajarayotganliklarini nazorat qiluvchi ma’naviy kuchdir. Bu ma’naviy kuch, o‘qituvchi uchun o‘quvchilarga o‘z kasbini o‘rgatish, ularning insonparvarlik, etik, adabiyot, hamjamiyatga foydali aks etish va kasbiy rivojlanishiga erishishida muhim rol oynaydi.

The actuality and necessity of the thesis. As the leading branch of world economy tourism has the significant contribution in social and economic development of the countries today. According to the World Tourism Organization, in 2015 "9,8 percent of a world gross product, 6 percent of export of goods and services, 30 percent of the international export of services, 9,5 percent from the general level of employment fell to the share of this sphere, and also every eleventh new workplace in the world is created in the sphere of tourism"31.
In our country since first years of independence special attention was paid to development of the sphere of tourism. At the same time, target measures were realized that promoted achievement of certain results, in particular achievement of a share of this sphere "in country gross domestic product 3,2 percent, shares in the export potential 1,5 percent"32 is provided. Nowadays giving importance to the accelerated development of the sphere of tourism, one of target tasks and priority directions of state policy in the sphere of tourism for the medium term determined "giving to tourism of the status of strategic sector of economy, transformation of this branch into the powerful instrument of sustainable development, structural transformations and diversification of economy which has to become the locomotive for the accelerated complex development of all regions and the interfaced branches"33.
In order to develop the sphere of tourism, increase in its social and economic value and a share in economy, special attention in the world is paid to the modem scientific research creating a basis for effective development of the tourism market. From the point of view of disclosure of features and tendencies of development of the tourism market, also improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms of its effective development methodological and practical aspects of the issue highlighted the urgency of today.
The dissertation research to some extent serves achievement of the objectives, designated in the Presidential decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan of Sh.M. Mirziyoyev of December 2, 2016 No.4861 "About measures for ensuring the accelerated development of tourist branch of the Republic of Uzbekistan", in Resolutions of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 9, 2015 as No.51 "About measures for development of roadside and tourist infrastructure", March 10, 2015 No. 53 "About some questions of development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan", and also in other normative legal acts relating to this sphere.
The aim of the research is to develop proposals and recommendations on the disclosure of tendencies and features of development of the tourism market of Samarkand region, and also to improvement of organizational and economic mechanism of its effective development.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the definition technique by Gauss's method of real and potential demand in the tourism market, on the basis of assessment of extent of influence of macroregions and visa restrictions for this demand in the conditions of innovative development of national economy is improved;
recommendations about improvement of statistics of tourism according to the international standards by introduction of system of subsidiary accounts are developed;
the technique of assessment and integrated indicator of economic efficiency of development of the regional market of tourism as complete system is improved;
improved methods of evaluating the effectiveness of tourism subjects of management on the basis of determining the correlation in the dynamic regulations;
proved the expected parameters of development of the sphere for 2017-2020 directed to effective and more extensive use of potential of tourism, as well as tendencies of development of the regional market of tourism.
Conclusion
As a result of the researches conducted in dissertation work the following scientific conclusions, offers and practical recommendations are developed:
1. In the thesis author's determination of economic categories of system of tourism, in particular, of categories "visitor", "tourist" and "tourism market", "tourism industry" is developed. As a result of the scientific-theoretical analysis of the determination of category "tourism" developed by different authors two approaches in disclosure of its essence are revealed: first approach from the point of view of "demand", secondly "supply". This circumstance interferes with disclosure fully of essence of the difficult system relations peculiar to this sphere. Therefore, the category "tourism" has been given the scientific description - as open difficult social and economic system, with the elements interconnected by the system polyhierarchical relations, formed on the basis of many-sided functional structure of an interindustry complex and having a high susceptibility to changes of the external environment.
2. The tourism market is described as an open complex system, including economic instruments directly regulating supply and demand, as well as developing on the basis of natural-geographic, socio-economic, organizational and institutional conditions. In the form of the main criteria for the effective development of the market noted: cross-sectoral, functional, hierarchical consistency and respectively cooperative activity in the market, as well as by determining the features of its development on the basis of a systematic approach, proposed methods, tools, and components to improve the mechanisms of the market.
3. Application of system approach to development of the regional market of tourism, first of all, demands development of a technique of providing the cooperation relations between its subjects. As a modern technique of cooperation of subjects within system of the regional market of tourism formation of a regional tourist cluster is offered. Also, the algorithm of formation and development of a regional tourist cluster for introduction in practice of development of the state program on development of the sphere of tourism is offered.
4. Recommendations for the introduction of the tourist purposes, in accordance with international standards (1. Personal purposes: leisure and rest, visiting friends and relatives; education and training; treatment; pilgrimage; commercial; transit; 2. Business and professional purposes) in the reporting form "1-tourism", "2-tourism" and "Annex" tour "to the form 1-MB", used in the conduct of statistics in the field of tourism of the Republic of Uzbekistan proposed for implementation in practice of the Committee on statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
5. The technique of determination of real and potential demand in the regional market of tourism is developed and the corresponding scientific conclusions have been recommended for use of Uzbektourism NC in the course of carrying out market researches by definition of gross demand for national tourist products. Use of these scientific results will give the chance of development by the effective tourist of the strategy proved by the analytical information and indicators defining demand for national tourist products.
6. On the basis of the analysis the following tendencies and features of formation of demand in the market of tourism of the Samarkand region are revealed: increase in demand for the travel organizing tourists "in the last minutes"; development of domestic market of tourism, as a result of improvement of the standard of living of local population, and also the growing mobility of youth; development of the travel which are carried out from neighboring countries or regions in comparison with the trips made in the long-haul or transcontinental directions; intensive development of "business tourism"; as a result of improvement of system of individual booking and information technologies, increase in number of the "individual" tourists (self-organizing the trips), and also on the basis of these conclusions is recommended to Uzbektourism NC development of the plan of marketing actions for 2017-2020.
7. The econometric model creating an opportunity of assessment of extent of influence of the factors which don't have the quantitative description (regions, visa restrictions, sporting and cultural events, crises) is offered. As a result of the analysis change of compound (geographical) structure of demand for national tourist products under the influence of world financial and economic crisis was evidence-based that geographical a segment of the regional market of tourism, "CIS countries" and "the countries of Asia" are perspective, and also simplification of a visa regime and geographical proximity create favorable conditions in formation of demand for national tourist products. It is recommended to Uzbektourism NC development of regional marketing strategy on the basis of the conclusion, about need of realization of the marketing strategy directed to perspective tourist segments according to changes of demand for national tourist products.
8. As a result, the comparative analysis of different economic schools and teachings on the marketing concept in the services sector, proved the need for the implementation of the regional market tourism traditional (for the implementation of the strategy, product, price), internal (for personnel motivation strategy) and interactive (infrastructure and strategy service) marketing concepts in the vertical and horizontal integration. Besides, the directions on implementation of the integration marketing concept in a cooperation form at all levels of regulation of the regional market of tourism are offered.
9. Realization of the following innovative developments in the regional market of tourism is offered: introduction of electronic guides of the museums and exhibitions, e-guides and guides are installed in mobile phones; Preparation of multimedia presentations, reflecting the tourist potential of the region; the organization of virtual excursions, through placement them on pages of the Samarkand — the Center of Tourism web portal; a construction of hotel in style of the Middle Ages and use of "animation" programs; formation of an interactive tourist information system through improvement of geographic information systems. 
10. The mechanism of formation of a tourist information system is developed. Improvement of organizational structure of Uzbektourism NC on the basis of offers on diversification of regional tourist products and creation of their innovative types through formation of an interactive tourist information system and virtual tourist offices as main structural part of a tourist information system is offered.
11. As a key component of the mechanism of effective regulation of the regional market of tourism improvement of mechanisms of partnership of the state and private business is necessary. At the same time, it is offered at each level of system of regulation of the regional market of tourism formation of the social institutes promoting formation and development of a regional tourist cluster (at the macro-level - "Interdepartmental council on cluster development", at the mesolevel - "Council for coordination of activity of a tourist cluster", at the micro level - "Association of members of a regional tourist cluster" and "Training center within a cluster" at a specialized higher educational institution), and also for each level of regulation tasks of realization of cluster policy are defined.
12. For the purpose of assessment of efficiency of state regulation of development of the sphere of tourism, the integrated indicator of economic efficiency of development of the regional market of tourism and a technique of his assessment is developed, and also value of this indicator for 2005-2015 is calculated. Use of this scientific offer in practice on monitoring of realization and implementation of state programs and plans for further development of the sphere of tourism in the region is recommended.
13. The technique of assessment and an integrated indicator of system effectiveness of management of subjects of the regional market of tourism on the basis of use of coefficients of correlation dependence is developed, and also values of this indicator on the example of LLC CATIA, the private tourist agency "Orient Voyages", LLC Sogda-tur and private tourist firm "Ekspri-dyutemp" conducting activity in the market of tourism of the Samarkand region are estimated. Use of this scientific offer in practice of subjects of the regional market of tourism is recommended.
14. For forecasting of value of the main indicators of development of the market of tourism for 2017-2020 use of the following econometric models is recommended: use of sedate model in forecasting of number of entrance visitors, linear model in forecasting of internal visitors, volume of export of tourist services, volume of the realized tourist services in the Republic of Uzbekistan; use of square model in forecasting of volume of export of tourist services, logarithmic model in forecasting of number of entrance visitors, sedate model in forecasting of volume of the realized tourist services in the Samarkand region.
15. Proceeding from features and tendencies of development of the regional market of tourism, the conceptual basis of development of the regional market of tourism on the basis of cluster approach consisting of a complex of actions of organizational and institutional and social and economic contents is developed.