Cultural Studies

0‘rta asr musulmon falsafasini Abu Rayxon Beruniy asarlari orqali 0‘rganish borliq, uning mavjudlik usul va shakllari to‘g‘risidagi taTimotini o'rganish borliq to'g'risidagi tasavvurlarimiz cvolyusiyasini aniqlashtirishda muhim hisoblanadi. Darhaqiqat, Bcruniyning tabiiy-ilmiy va falsafly qarashlari o'zaro uyg'un holda rivojlangan boTib, o'ziga xos naturfalsafiy ko'rinishga egaligi mavjud adabiyotlarda yetarli darajada toTa ochib berilmaganligi sababli, uni maxsus tadqiq etish talab etiladi. Bcruniyning falsafly qarashlari, xususan borliq haqidagi ilmiy ta’limoti ko'plab chct cl va rcspublikamiz manbaashunos olimlari tomonidan jiddiy o'rganilib kelinayotganligiga qaramay, uni maxsus tadqiq etish, falsafly umumlashtirish, xulosalash va baho berish ishlari hali yakunlamnaganligini ham ta'kidlash lozim. Bu holat mutafakkirning borliq to‘g‘risidagi ta’limotini yangicha yondashish asosida tadqiq etishning o‘ta dolzarb muammo ekanligini ko'rsatmoqda.

«The poor author was able to explain with security , using pen , intelligence and reflection...»
This strong revelation , expressed with humility by the Sultan and Scholar Ulugh Beg, sums with conviction the scientific effort of reflection based, above all, on the human intelligence of an exceptional man , whose work, taken up and translated into Latin in the West in 16th century by John Greaves (1602-1652), was transmitted to the so-called « Enlightenment» period by the French scholar and philosopher Helvetius (1715-1171).

Nowadays, in the world of information, the era of the Internet, the rapid development of multi-media information technology such as
Internet TV, Internet radio, email, online video, and their audience and influence are expanding.There is no need to talk too much. Such
informationthe tools of the young people with a great deal of interest, and from themIsak, which is widely used, is really itit is difficult to understand the importance of the matter

In attempts to describe his national identity, a person takes into account political and economic factors, but also relics on the symbols of the society in which he lives. The symbols of society include: history, state, religion, mentality, citizenship, language and much more.

This study is devoted to the study of the morphology of the thymus in children with extremely low body weight. The paper examines the importance of the thymus for the immune system, as well as the relationship between body weight and morphology of this organ. The first part of the work provides information about the thymus, its anatomical features and functions in the body. Next, the problem of extremely low body weight in children is considered, including the definition, causes and effects on health. Special attention is paid to studies of the morphology of the thymus in children with extremely low body weight, research methods and results are presented, as well as possible practical recommendations for improving the condition of the thymus in this category of children. The work concludes with a conclusion summarizing and summarizing the main results of the study. The findings may be useful for understanding the effect of extremely low body weight on the morphology of the thymus and developing methods for correcting this condition.

In the article, man and his units are considered to be the creators and carriers of moral culture. There can be no moral life without a
man. Therefore, attention is drawn to the fact that man and his units are the core of moral life, the main substantial element of moral culture that makes up the system, the creator, and carrier of moral culture from generation to generation. The article aims to identify and substantiate the objects of the formation of moral culture, the implementation of moral education processes

XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab ilk yozma manbalarda tilga olingan Markaziy Osiyo qadimgi xalqlarining hududiy joylashish chegaralari muammosi sharqshunoslarning asarlarida dolzarb mavzuga aylandi (E. Zaxau, V. Geyger, V. Tomashek). Bu masala XX asr boshlarida ko'rib chiqilgan (I. Markvart, A. Xermann) va arxeologik ma’lumotlarni hisobga olgan holda, keying! yillarda ham ilgari surilgan (M.M. Dyakonov, V.M. Masson, B.Y. Staviskiy). Mazkur muammo, ayniqsa o'tgan asrning 70-80-yillarida bir qator tadqiqotchilar (I.V. Pyankov, P. Bernar, G.P. Frankfor, E.V. Rtveladze, J.K. Garden va boshqalar) ishlarida bayon etildi. Mavzu tarixshunosligi I.V. Pyankov tomonidan yetarlicha yoritilgan. Tadqiqotchining ishlarida Baqtriya tarixi va tarixiy geografiyasiga mansub yunon-rim manbalarining tahlili katta o'rin egallab, shuningdek, Sug'd va Baqtriyaning tog'lar va daryolar orqali o'tgan hududiy chegaralari haqidagi antik davr mualliflarining tasavvurlari ko'rib chiqildi [1].

Maqolada O‘zbekistonda ijtimoiy sohani moliyalashtirishdagi islohotlar hamda ulardan kutilayotgan moliyaviy natijalar tahlil qilingan. Mamlakatimizda izchillik bilan amalga oshirilayotgan ta’lim sohasidagi islohotlarning moliyaviy jihatlari tadqiq qilingan va xulosalar berilgan.

Maqolada madaniyat tushunchasi mazmuni, o’ziga xos xususiyatlari, tarixiy rivojlanish aspektlari va soha olimlarining turli yondashuvlari tahlili yoritilgan.

Loyihalarning ko‘lami, tuzulma, resurslari, qiymati va boshqalarga qarab ularni boshqarishning maxsus usullariga ehtiyoj ortib boradi. Ushbu tezisda loyihani samarali amalga oshirish tendensiyalari xususida so’z boradi.

Maqolada Kulgi-hajvning estetik tabiati hajv murakkab va ko‘p qirrali hodisa bo‘lib, asrlar davomida faylasuflar, psixologlar va rassomlami qiziqtirib kelgan. Asosan, hazil o'yin-kulgi, kulgi yoki zavqni keltirib chiqaradigan insoniy ifoda shaklidir. U turli xil ijtimoiy, kognitiv va hissiy funktsiyalarga xizmat qiladi, jumladan, odamlami bog'lash, tanglikni bartaraf etish va inson holati haqida tushuncha berish. Kulgining tez-tez muhokama qilinadigan jihatlaridan biri uning estetik tabiatidir. Estetika falsafaning go‘zallik, san’at va didning tabiati va qadrlanishi bilan bog’liq bo'lgan sohasidir. Hazil har doim ham go'zallikning an’anaviy ta’riflariga mos kelmasligi mumkin bo*lsa-da, u o'ziga xos estetik fazilatlarga ega bo'lib, uni odamlarga jozibador va jozibali qiladi.

Zamanagóy tálim sistemasi texnologiyaliq rawajlaniw menen birdey bolip, jańa usillardi sinawdan ótkerip atir. Jasalma intellekt bul processte zárúrli rol oynap atir. Búgingi kúnde IT járdeminde individual tálim programmalardi jaratiw,virtual oqitiwshilar menen islew hám oqiw procesin avtomatlastiriw múmkinshiligi boldi.Usiniń sebebinen ,’’Jasalma intellekt oqitiwshilar ornin basadima?’’ degen soraw aktual bolip qalip atir.

It is known that Uzbekistan is a multi-ethnic country. Today, representatives of 136 nationalities and peoples live in our country. There are also 16 religious denominations. Representatives of each nation, each denomination have their own values. Harmonizing and protecting the interests of all of them is a rather complicated task.

Annotation: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the noteworthy initiatives of the Chinese government. It has been intended to interface neighboring 65 nations to enhance inter-regional international trade. This research focused on impact of initiative on Central and South Asian regional integration under BRI framework. Central and South Asia, characterized by diverse geopolitical interests and historical complexities, have emerged as focal points of the BRI’s implementation. The article explores how the BRI has influenced the dynamics of regional integration in these regions, considering factors such as infrastructure investments, economic interdependence, and geopolitical alignments. By examining case studies and analyzing data, the article provides insights into the opportunities and challenges presented by the BRI for Central and South Asian countries. It discusses how infrastructure projects under the BRI have the potential to bridge connectivity gaps, stimulate economic growth, and foster greater regional cooperation. However, it also addresses concerns regarding debt sustainability, sovereignty issues, and geopolitical tensions that have arisen in the context of BRI investments. Furthermore, the article evaluates the role of key stakeholders such as China, Russia, India, and the countries of Central and South Asia in shaping the trajectory of regional integration within the framework of the BRI. It considers the evolving geopolitical landscape and the implications for regional security, trade dynamics, and diplomatic relations. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Impact of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on Central and South Asian Regional Integration, offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in the geopolitics and economics of the Eurasian region. For data analysis, several databases have been utilized likewise, UN-Comtrade, World Bank, World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), etc. Data analysis part has done with the application of Stata.

In contemporary society, more and more people are intending to enhance their speaking skills through phonetics. However, there are numerous challenges that might hinder their progress, such as difficulties in mastering pronunciation, a shortage of effective teaching techniques, and limited access to phonetic resources. This paper explores how phonetics can enhance speaking abilities by improving second language learners' stress patterns and intonation. Additionally, it focuses on effective teaching strategies, including phonetic drills and technological tools, to help learners overcome these obstacles and achieve oral proficiency.

Subjects of inquiry: large foreign museums were epochs of historical and cultural heritage of temurids and the main of characters.
Aim of the inquiry: In the XIV-XV centuries the exponents historical and explained the fate in it.
Methods of inquiry: scintest, history ncarthy of formation the comparative analysis, the problem of tenses mark gathering in formations.
The achieved results and their novelty: at the first of different problems were used. Keeping to foreign museums, the century of temurids for historical and cultural places. In Usbekistan and foreign museums were in XIV-XV centuries cksponants arc made lists and science for the conversation.
Practical value: dissertation Materials will help in studying of museum, problems and possibilities of development of the international cultural contact, in enrichment of museum marketing by new sources.
Degree of embed and economic effectively: main contents of the dissertation reflected in 5 scientific articles and 2 theses of reports at scientific conferences.
Sphere of usage: results of research can be used in the higher and middle special educational institutions, in activity of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Usbekistan and The triad cultural and sport compations of the Republic of Usbekistan, official bodies, the state and not state organizations and the structural branches which arc engaged in the international relations.

In this article is investigated establishment and functioning of the organizations “national charge” and “national independence” against the soviet system by the helping archive sources and historical literatures as well

This article discusses the first steps towards the formation and development of cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan
in the early years of independence. The rapprochement of the two peoples is analyzed, their family roots and the similarity of the spiritual national heritage are revealed

The article analyzes the history of the ancient national holiday of the Uzbek people Navruz, its symbolic meaning, historical roots with the
help of scientific literatures.

The article raises the question of the formation of patriotic culture, spiritual, moral, patriotic education of the younger generation, including for cadets of the military educational institutions. The author describes the role of the teacher with the formation of patriotic culture among young people. The article elaborates on the system of military-patriotic education based on the exploits of national heroes and the best examples of national literature, on the example of Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur.

The aim of the research work is exploring the diplomacy of the Republic of Uzbekistan’s formation evolution and development trends during the independence period.
The object of the research work is the role and activities of diplomacy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the foreign policy.
Scientific novelty of the research w ork
Formation of Uzbek diplomacy, development stages during independence years and its fundamental principles, theoretical-conceptual, scientific principles and strategic priorities were described in a systemic manner from different historical angles.
There has been identified that the Republic of Uzbekistan has effectively used the diplomatic means, such as economic diplomacy and regional diplomacy, in the active implementation of its foreign policy.
Formation and development of the diplomatic personnel training system in the country arc considered interrelated with the reforms carried out in the field of education and the existing problems in this area were revealed.
The initiatives of peaceful resolution of regional problems in Central Asia, and also diplomatic approach of Uzbekistan to the formation of a nuclear-free zone in the region arc historically disclosed.
Implementation of the research results
The results of the research were discussed in 14 scientific-practical conferences, including 4 international and 10 republican activities: “Regional Security and Sustainable Development in Central Asia: Peace and Stability in Afghanistan” (Tashkent, 2009); “Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a guarantee of sustainable development of society: political, legal and organizational aspects” (Tashkent, 2010); “Uzbekistan and the international community: political, legal and organizational aspects of integration” (Tashkent, 2012); “After the withdrawal of NATO troops from Afghanistan by Central Asia” (Rome, 2012); “Actual problems of world politics” (Tashkent, 2012); “South and Central Asia” (India, 2013); “The 21st Century Archetytonic Developments in the Global Politics: Realpolitik Concept and Practice in Uzbekistan” (Tashkent, 2014); “International Relations and Scientific and Theoretical Issues of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (Tashkent, 2014); “The Principles and Prospects of Socio-Economic Development in Uzbekistan” (Tashkent, 2015); “Art and Culture in the Historical Heritage of Scientists and Intellectuals of the Medieval East” (Tashkent, 2015); “Actual problems of international relations in the conditions of forming multipolar world” (Kursk, Russia, 2015); “World Politics and Practice in the 21st Century: Political, Legal and Social Aspects” (Tashkent. 2015, 2016, 2017).
The outline of the thesis
The structure of the dissertation consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion, and a list of used publications. The research section volume of the dissertation is 156 pages.

One receives the disputes that occur during working hours,
decisions made by the administration which are sometimes contrary to the imagination and needs of the employee, as a matter of course, because work time is a responsibility imposed by the social system. A person obeys the above decisions and judgments, knowing that he must take on this responsibility, and strives to
fulfill them in full. However, after work, especially in leisure time, a person does not accept all the views, norms, decisions that are present in a given society. He prefers to assimilate only the values that correspond to his interests and needs, to receive spiritual nourishment from them. He does not accept values or actions that
do not suit his interests and needs, or openly denies them. Since ethnoculture is based on the spiritual, national and cultural needs and interests of the nation, formed over the centuries, it is impossible to adopt an attitude of indifference towards ethnocultural traditions. This phenomenon can account for the permanence of traditional values, the growing interest of our youth in the historical and cultural heritage, traditions of national holidays and rites. The article describes the methods of recreation and leisure in the ethnoculture of the Uzbek people with the example of calendar holidays, recreational festivals, nature-related ceremonies.

Bul maqlada este saqlaw processiniń psixologiyalıq ádebiyatlarda úyrenilgenligi, psixolog hám alımlardıń bul boyınsha miynetleri haqqında sóz etilgen.

Insonning rivojlanishi va hayot charxpalagi - bolalik, yoshlik va yetuklik kabi uch asosiy davrda namoyon boTadi. Mazkur charxpalakni tashkil etuvchi har bir bosqich o’ziga xos biologik, psixologik, ijtimoiy va diniy rivojlanishxususiyatlariga ega.[Onur, B. 1997:b.79] Ushbu rivojlanish bosqichlari bir-biridan butunlay mustaqil cmas. [Adam, H. 2014: b. 13] Psixologik, fiziologik va ijtimoiy hodisalar rivojlanishga katta ta'sir ko’rsatadi. Agar bu zarur vaqtdan oldin yoki keyin sodir boTsa, shaxsningrivojlanish davriga ta’siri kamroq bo’ladi. Hattoki. ular keyingi davrlarda yuzaga keladigan rivojlanishga salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatishi ham mumkin. Ushbu holat kritik davr tushunchasi bilan izohlanadi. Ayrim munasabatlar o‘z vaqtida o'zlashtirilmasa, keyingi davrlarda o'zlashtirish qiyinlashadi. [Koch, M. 2001: b.21 ] Shu nuqtai nazardan, bolalik shaxsning kclajak hayoti asoslarini shakllantirish jihatidan juda muhim davr hisoblanadi [Koylu, M. 2004: b. 137].

This article draws attention to the role and impact of digital technologies in facilitating international cooperation in the Middle East. In today’s globalized world, where electronic communications and information technology permeate various spheres of life, the use of digital technologies is becoming increasingly important in the context of strengthening international, economic, social, legal and cultural ties among Middle Eastern countries. The study is based on the analysis of recent research findings, academic articles, statistical data and official documents related to the application of digital technologies in promoting international cooperation in the Middle East. It also includes an analysis of approaches to compiling a database of organizations in the Middle East to promote cooperation. The work was carried out within the framework of the UrFU Scientific Center of Competence «Diaspora communities in the conditions of transformation of the global political system and world economic relations». The results obtained can be useful for international organizations, governmental structures, business sector and academic community interested in the development of international cooperation in the Middle East using digital technologies.