Social Sciences Other Topics

This research reported results of 2 sequential and interrelated studies that examined the efficacy of combining 2 models of reading strategy. Reading skills are the cognitive processes that a reader uses in making sense of a text. For fluent readers, most of the reading skills are employed unconsciously and automatically. When confronted with a challenging text, fluent readers apply these skills consciously and strategically in order to comprehend.

The process of learning a language differs between children and adults. Children have a natural ability to acquire language effortlessly and quickly, while adults often struggle with vocabulary and grammar. This discrepancy can be attributed to various factors such as brain development, cognitive abilities, and prior language exposure. Studies have shown that children are more adept at developing native-like pronunciation and intonation, whereas adults tend to retain an accent from their native language.

Abbreviations are linguistic shortcuts that condense longer phrases or words into shorter forms, playing a crucial role in communication efficiency. However, the formation and usage of abbreviations are not solely linguistic phenomena; they are also deeply influenced by cultural and linguistic factors. This article explores the cultural and linguistic influences on abbreviations in both English and Karakalpak languages.

Ingliz tili keng qo’llaniladigan professional kontekstlarda talabalarni tayyorlashga qaratilgan til o’rganish dasturlarining maqsadi EFL (Ingliz tili chet tili sifatida) bo’yicha talabalarning professional malakasini rivojlantirishdir. EFL talabalari duch keladigan eng muhim muammolardan biri ularning kasbiy malakasini rivojlantirishda autentik materiallar va tajribalarning etishmovchiligidir. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko’rsatdiki, autentik materiallar bilan shug’ullanish professional kontekstlarda ishtirok etish imkoniyatiga ega o’quvchilar odatda yaxshi professional kompetentsiyaga ega bo’ladi [1].

 The Constitution is an integral symbol of democracy. The first constitution, which laid the foundations of the modern constitutional system, arose back in 1787 in the United States. In a century that brought great changes, constitutions also saw the light of day in France and Poland. Currently, all countries of the world, and their number is approaching 200, have constitutions.
This work will analyze the updated Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including a comparative examination of the articles contained in the updated version and their previous formulations. A more detailed study of a number of new articles of the Constitution will also be carried out as part of this review.

This article is devoted to reforming the electoral system of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author considers the electoral legislation and identifies the main stages of its development, as well as the factors that contributed to its development.

The article is devoted to the concept of «efficiency» and its criteria of activity of deputies of representative bodies of state power in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The quantitative and qualitative criteria for evaluating the effectiveness are defined.

Ushbu maqolada virtual voqelik tushunchasi, uning turlari, yoʻnalishlari va qoʻllanilish sohalari hamda uning ta’limdagi oʻrni haqida qisqacha tavsif berilgan.

Қонунчилик ва бошқа норматив-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларнинг ҳақиқийлиги, самарадорлиги, ушбу актларни ташкил қилувчи ҳуқуқ нор- маларни доимий ва қатъий равишда татбиқ этилишига боғлиқ. Бироқ давлат томонидан ўрнатилган ҳуқуқий нормалар уларни амалга оширишнинг мураккаб механизмларисиз тартибга солиш ролини бажара олмайди. Ўзбекистон Республикаси Биринчи Президенти Ислом Каримов таъкидлаб ўтганидек, «Қонун қабул қилиш - бу ишнинг ярми холос. Уларнинг ҳаётга тўла татбиқ қилинишига эришиш даркор. Бунинг учун қабул қилинган қонунларнинг кундалик турмушимизда амалга ошишини таъминловчи таъсирчан механизмини яратиш лозим» 

The actuality of this article is due to the fact that independence is necessary both at school and in everyday life in order to differentiate information, highlight the most significant, so that in the future you do not experience difficulties in generalizing and systematizing knowledge and skills and easily turn to your own experience (as educational and everyday).

This article investigates and compares idiomatic expressions related to colours in English and Karakalpak languages. Colours hold significant cultural and linguistic significance, often reflected in idiomatic expressions. Through a comparative analysis, this research aims to uncover similarities and differences in how colours are metaphorically used in these two languages. The methodology involves collecting a corpus of colour-related idioms from English and consulting native speakers and language experts to gather comparable idiomatic expressions in Karakalpak. The idioms are then analyzed in terms of their literal meanings, metaphorical interpretations, cultural contexts, and frequency of usage.

The article examines the popularity of international commercial
arbitration as a means of resolving disputes in the field of intellectual property. The
author discusses historical and theoretical aspects, as well as topical problems in
this area. The categories of disputes and the role of arbitration in resolving such
conflicts are highlighted.

Экологик тарбия -тарбиянинг бир жиҳати бўлиб, узлуксиз таълим тизимининг 1 барча босқичларида фанлар негизида ўрганилади. Мазкур жараёнда экологик тарбияни маълум вақт оралиғида шакллантириб бўлмайди. Экологик тарбия ’ инсоннинг умри жараёнида олиб борилади. Шунингдек, экологик тарбияни • фанлараро бериш тарбиянинг самарадорлигини оширади. Экологу к тарбияни узлуксиз таълимнинг умумий ўрта таълим ва педагогика коллеживинг ’‘Бошланғич , таълим” йўналишида фанлараро беришни куйидагича олиб бориш тавсия этилади. 

The text provides a comprehensive analysis of the role and evolution of international commercial arbitration as a method of alternative dispute resolution. It emphasizes the growing preference for arbitration in international commerce due to its speed, confidentiality, and perceived fairness. The text also highlights the efforts made by the Republic of Uzbekistan to develop its arbitration infrastructure, including its adherence to international conventions and the establishment of the Tashkent International Arbitration Center. The article further delves into the legal intricacies of arbitration agreements, discussing their validity, enforceability, and the formal requirements they must meet. It concludes by noting the ongoing changes in international standards and laws governing arbitration, suggesting that these are in response to the changing needs of the global market.

Since its formation under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has had to contend with allegations about its impartiality and independence. Some scholars believe that the CAS still lacks independence and impartiality considering the appeals sent to the Swiss Federal Tribunal by athletes, and also its funding which comes from international sports federations. This article seeks to shed light on several issues concerning the CAS’s independence from the sports governing bodies and the International Olympic Committee, as well as the impartiality of its appointed arbitrators when resolving sports related disputes between players and clubs.

The article discusses the text specifications and the indicator of informativeness in the Mass Media. The informativeness of the text is an indicator of the quality of the text. There is also a direct correlation between the timing of the information contained within the text and the timing of the information obtained. This connection ensures that the information provided is represented in time and aspect. In the age of generalization of society, the role of journalism is an important factor in the mass communication system. Journalism, on the one hand, is a concept created by popular culture, and on the other hand, it serves to shape mass culture as a social space. As a mediator of the social and cultural manifestations of the new world, it "introduces" new concepts, new pragmatic norms into the language, and gives us a glimpse of a creative world. At the same time, all new concepts are interpreted. We consider the text as a high-level language unit. The linguistic knowledge of the language system is extracted from many texts. The textology involved in the study of the process of text creation, modeling and functioning is of interest to journalists today as linguistic dyslexia.

Ushbu maqolada tenglik, birlikda adolatli g‘oyalarni ilgari surgan va xalqlarni birdamlikda tutgan Amir Temur yoritib berilgan. O‘z zamonasidan ilgarilab ketgan hamda hozirgi kundagi dardlar qiroli deb atalgan COVID_19 kabi kasaliklari bilan kurashishga asrlar oldin karantin qoidalarini o‘ylab topgan Ibn Sino merosi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, texnika va texnalogiyasiz, ilmga boshqacha yondashuv orqali 70dan ortiq tilni mukkamal darajada rganib, dunyo falsafasiga ulkan hisasini qo‘shgan Farobiy kabi yulduzning qirralari o‘rganilgan.

Chiziqli differensial tenglamalar sistemasini asosan yechish usuli sifatida Eyler tenglamalarini qo‘llash orqali yechiladi. Ze‘ro bu usulda, xios vektorlarni topish yoli keng qo‘llaniladi. Chiziqli differensial tenglamalar sistemasini matritsaviy usulda yechish yo‘li bu xos vektor va bog‘langan vektorlardan foydalangan holda Jordan formasiga keltirib umumiy yechim topiladi va bu sistemani yechishni ancha qulaylashtiradi va yechim aniq topiladi.

Obrazlı teńewlerdiń mazmunı sintaksislik baylanıslar hám olardı qollanıwdıń jiyiligi menen anıqlanadı. Teńew komponentleri arasındaǵı mánilik baylanıslardı tolıǵı menen izertlew tek ǵana obrazlı teńewler semantikasın izertlew arqalı júzege keledi [1,18].

This article mainly focuses on the topic teaching vocabulary in a foreign language to learners on the basis of authenticity. Teaching vocabulary is an essential part in teaching language as a whole. Moreover, the article dwells on the application of authentic materials in the process of teaching vocabulary.

The article is devoted to the value and role of project assignment in the teaching of English language vocabulary to 6 th grade learners. Particular attention is paid to the fact that English is currently outside the curriculum, and in most cases is necessary for the further life of language learners. The main purpose of project assignment is to turn a foreign language from a passive object into an active action. The article points out that the project assignment in teaching vocabulary creates the conditions under which 6 th grade learner learn group interaction and acquire communication skills, which is important for the socialization of language learners, especially in adolescence.

Respublikamiz tibbiyoti tizimida 75000 nafardan ortiq shifokor va 300 mingga yaqin hamshira mehnat qiladi. Oxirgi o'n yillikda keng jamoatchilik orasida, jumladan har xil tibbiyot mutaxassisliklari o’rtasida deontologiya muammosi alohida o'rinlardan birini egallaydi. Buning isboti sifatida turli gazeta va jurnallar, monografiyalar, simpozium va konferentsiyalarda muhokama qilingan materiallar ijtimoiy etika va deontologiyaga bag’ishlanganligi masalaning dolzarbligini tasdiqlaydi.

Idioms are an integral part of language, providing depth and nuance to communication. However, for intermediate level learners whose mother tongue is not English, understanding and utilizing idiomatic expressions can pose significant challenges. This article examines the common problems encountered in teaching idioms to this demographic and proposes effective solutions, supported by illustrative examples.

The topicality of the subject matter of this article is revealed by the fact that there are many students as a whole. Countries around the world learn English, so foreign language education, especially English Easier and more effective with the help of various innovations. The use of innovation is based on improvement. Areas of vocabulary and grammar; various skills: reading, listening, speaking, writing. It involves various innovations. It's important to be clear what your main goals are to focus on in the lesson.

This study is aimed at identifying the main mechanisms in the effective organization of the educational process in terms of productive improvement of the English language. It is determined that if the implementation of intersubject relations in teaching medical special subjects and English is carried out taking into account the use of the transposition of lexical knowledge, skills and abilities of students, the influence of the studied foreign language will significantly increase the effectiveness of students' skills.