Social Sciences Other Topics

Мамлакатимизда мустақилликнинг илк даврларидан фуқароларнинг конституциявий ҳуқуқ ва манфаатларини таъминлаш мақсадида суд-ҳуқуқ соҳасида кенг ислоҳотлар олиб борилмоқда. Халқнинг ҳуқуқни муҳофаза қилувчи органлар ва судга нисбатан ишончини қозониш, жамиятда ҳуқуқ-тартиботни мустаҳкамлаш мақсадида бир қатор комплекс чора-тадбирлар ишлаб чиқилди ҳамда ҳаётга жалб этилмоқда.

Республикамиз мустақилликка эришган дастлабки даврданоқ ўз олдига асосий мақсад қилиб, ижтимоий макон сифатида тушунила диган фуқаролик жамиятини шакллантириш йўлини танлаган эди ва шу мақсадда собитқадамлик билан ҳаракат қилиб келмоқда.

This article analysis about the usage of new and easy methods for teaching speaking skills. It also includes various skills and activities of teaching speaking to the beginner levels.

This article discusses the importance of creating shaded areas for the comfortable movement of pedestrians during the day in open space conditions in a dry-hot climate with an analysis of the results of scientific research conducted at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and, based on these results, relevant conclusions for the republic are given.

In Uzbek linguistics, a number of studies have been carried out on automatic translation, the development of the linguistic foundations of the author's corpus, the processing of lexicographic texts and linguistic-statistical analysis. However, the processing of the Uzbek language as the language of the Internet: spelling, automatic processing and translation programs, search programs for various characters, text generation, the linguistic basis of the text corpus and national corpus, the technology of its software is not studied in any monograph. The article discusses such problems as: the transformation of language into the language of the Internet, computer technology, mathematical linguistics, its continuation and the formation and development of computer linguistics, in particular the question of modeling natural languages for artificial intelligence. The Uzbek National Corps plays an important role in enhancing the international status of the Uzbek language.

The state analyzes the linguistic module and the algorithm and its types from independent components of the linguistic program code. The need for algorithms for phonological, morphological and spelling rules for the formation of the lexical and grammatical code is scientifically substantiated. The importance of such linguistic modules as phonology, morphology and spelling in the formation of the linguistic base of the national corpus of the Uzbek language is emphasized. 

The article deals with the massive relationship of the two concepts language and culture which came from the unity of culture and language to the 21st century science, and well-known scholars working on the important branch of linguistics.

This article deals that a strong understanding of grammar is essential for effective communication, as it enables learners to convey subtle nuances in meaning and to comprehend spoken and written language. Whether through online courses, textbooks, or real-world language exchange programs, investing time and effort into improving grammar skills is a vital part of the language learning process.

Тhe article is devoted to the importance of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of representative bodies of state power on the ground in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The tasks of effectiveness evaluation are determined. The mechanism for assessing the activities of the Kengashes of People's Deputies is considered as a way of analyzing the effectiveness of the law.Particular attention is paid to the need for the development and normative consolidation of a unified system of criteria for assessing their effectiveness.

This article describes the importance of environmental relations in the education of preschool children on ecosystems, with examples of ecosystems.

This article appears on the utility of case studies within the educational manner. The writer of the articles believes that case look at based reasoning is used to familiarize students with the concepts in their instructional subject and the sorts of issues they'll come across as practitioners. The use of case research demonstrates both regular and peculiar troubles to college students and additionally presents an opportunity to speak about and argue those issues. Case studies goal to familiarize future experts with the styles of situations they will subsequently come upon in their selected place of business. Case-based learning is a powerful student-focused studying method which could educate higher level students' critical thinking and interpersonal abilities. Higher level learners' paintings on complex, arguable actual-international problems engages them in their mastering and encourages them to look at the scenario from an action angle rather than analyzing it from afar. The use of case studies is interdisciplinary and allows students bridge the space among principle and practice.

This article is devoted to identifying the significance of the classroom design (moveable furniture and convenient color) to students` engagement, disruptive, stimulating and psychological factors of the physical environment. It is mentioned the ways to build positive teacher-student relationships, erode students` negative feelings, increase students` attention span, creativity and divergent thinking, and positive sides of organizing classrooms with flexible furniture.

The present article seeks to explain the impact of the processes globalization on national cultures and the response of ethnic cultures to such processes from the viewpoint of alternate progress theories. The immanent connection between globalization and ethno-cultural diversity, proximity and national-cultural models of alternative development are the object of our research.In the current period, the communicative function of culture has expanded dramatically, transformation processes are taking place in it in accordance with global changes. In particular, forms of indirect communication (mobile phone, Internet) are making radical changes in this function. Now there is rapid rapprochement of cultures, exchange of experience and mutual enrichment. At the same time, it is necessary that the communicative function does not harm the diversity of ethno-cultures, does not interfere with intercultural communication in accordance with national interests, and especially does not focus on the decision-making of Western popular culture. No matter how much international dialogue and integration help to establish universal values and norms, they should not serve to make a culture in a mood of expansion become a dominant force.During the period of democratic reforms, scientific and practical research was started on the restoration of Uzbek ethnic culture, the use of its historical, educational and artistic-aesthetic possibilities. The state is leading the development of many types of folk creativity and art. However, comprehensive research of Uzbek ethnic culture, its genesis, sociological and axeological foundations, integration relations with the culture of sister nations, and comparison with other ethnic cultures in the system of these relations is one of the tasks before us. Philosophical studies conducted today are mainly empirical in nature, philosophical generalizations are rare in them. Therefore, there is a scientific-theoretical need to study cooperation, communication and integration between ethnic cultures under the influence of globalization from a philosophical point of view, without forgetting the allogenesis and ideogenesis of ethnic culture. It should focus not only on making philosophical generalizations, but also on finding ways to effectively use artistic-aesthetic possibilities, tools, and artifacts.

The article analyzes aspects of the impact of high rise buildings on the urban environment. In connection with the gradual embrace by urban planners of the typology of high-rise development, the relevance of the study is dictated by the current situation of massive filling of urban space with multi-story buildings, which obliges us to take into account modern objective data on the impact of the residential high-rise environment on the city and its territory. The purpose of the study is to systematize and analyze current provisions on the impact of high-rise buildings on the urban environment.

The article examines the transformation of international commercial arbitration under the influence of digitalization and new technologies
such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. The focus is on changes in arbitration procedures and the opportunities that these technologies provide to improve the efficiency and quality of dispute resolution. The article also touches upon the issues of legal adaptation and regulation, including the Uzbek national strategy in this
area. Particular attention is paid to issues of identity and anonymity in the digital environment, which can have significant implications for arbitration procedures. Empirical research confirms the relevance of these changes, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has become a catalyst for the accelerated adoption of digital technologies in arbitration.

The concepts taken from the glossary of foreign political affairs are the subject of analysis. The author proposes the thrusts of the development of mass media in Uzbekistan. A. Toshev opines that mass media requires radical reforming, including establishing a special upgrading training programme for journalists, especially those who work abroad.

This article is devoted to the study and research of the life and creative work of the first Uzbek journalists. The article examines various sources that contain biographical data of the first Uzbek journalists.

Диний ақидапарастликнинг мазмун-моҳияти ҳақида маълумотга эга бўлиш уни тушунишни анча ойдинлаштиради. Ақида (араб. «ишонч») мутаассиб диндорлар учун мажбурий бўлган, улар шак келтирмасдан, муҳокама қилмасдан бажариш, эътиқод қилиш лозим деб ҳисоблайдиган диний талабдир.

Unlike developed countries, China's performance-based budgeting (PB) reforms were carried out in the context of a socialist political and economic system. The NYB tools were first developed in the West and aimed at overcoming the difficulties in managing budgetary resources faced by local governments. However, under the conditions of the socialist system, a complex method based on the "consumption-production" analysis is used to manage public finances.

This article analyzes the essence of the project approach, its didactic foundations and its importance in the modern educational process. The project approach is characterized by independent thinking of students, the formation of practical skills and the orientation of knowledge to solving life problems. During the study, the advantages and limitations of the project method, methods of its effective application at different stages and international experience were considered.

It is known that the impact of global climate change on human health is primarily due to an increase in the content of pollutants and allergens in the atmosphere as a result of rising air temperatures, which increases the risk of heart disease, circulatory system diseases and airborne diseases. increase. Diseases and excess dust in the air lead to an increase in the incidence of allergies and bronchial asthma. Especially in recent years, information related to the deterioration of the environmental situation in cities has often appeared. Improving the well being of the population in the regions can be achieved through the sustainable development of cities and solving their environmental problems.

This article explores the role and importance of e-textbooks in improving the quality of education. It also recommended the shortcomings and problems that we currently facing and necessary actions to be taken.

The article discusses the method of learning English with the help of theatrical productions and tells about the practical experience of using this technique. The undeniable advantage of this method is a sharp increase in motivation students, which, in turn, leads to a significant increase in the effectiveness of the study a foreign language.

This article examines the effectiveness of integrating technology into English language classrooms for secondary-level students in Nukus. Through a synthesis of research findings, practical insights, and case studies, it explores the benefits, challenges, and best practices associated with using technology to enhance language learning in this context. The study emphasizes the importance of technology in fostering engagement, personalization, and authentic language experiences, while also addressing issues such as access, digital literacy, and teacher training. By illuminating the transformative potential of technology-enhanced language instruction, this article aims to inform educators, policymakers, and stakeholders about the opportunities and considerations inherent in leveraging technology to promote English language proficiency among secondary-level students in Uzbekistan.

Currently, in the theory and practice of education, there is a search for forms and methods that can create conditions for the development of communication skills and teamwork skills, in other words, the development of social competence and the ability to study independently. Such forms and methods are based on the activity of each subject of the educational process, the ability to independently make decisions and make choices, as well as on the coexistence of different points of view and their free discussion. Such a form of organization of the educational process as work in a team has great potential for this realization. Working in a team makes it possible to more often enter into communication with other members of the team, formulate one's position, coordinate actions, which can contribute to the development of cooperation, interpersonal competence, and communicative culture.