Sociology

Subject of the research: this research’s object is government’s politics on social development in the villages of Uzbekistan’s southern regions during Uzbekistan’s Independence.
Purpose of work: Uzbekistan’s social politics in the villages of southern regions during Inderendence and accomplished practical works on cultural spheres. Analyzing their results and making conclusions.
Methods of research: while carrying out this research following characters were in use: historicalness, scientific impartiality, running collected materials, historical-comparative analyses.
The results achieved and their novelty: in the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya (1991-2008) regions’ social and cultural state, appeared complications in this field, oppositions, and social living conditions learned, analyzed and sufficient conclusions implemented.
Practical value: dissertation information and conclusions could be applicable to do research on Uzbekistan’s history science problems, upbringing generation in a patriotic manner, epistle, and monograph in Uzbekistan’s history science and to write textbooks and learning method manuals.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the dissertation’s main content emphasized and reflected bu the author the dissertation, they are: 4 printed scientific articles, 1 methodical handbook, and 7 attended conferences.
Field of application: the research attainments give the opportunity to use the research achievements to establish information about studying Uzbekistan’s Inderendence period, printing, and providing.

Ushbu maqolada bugungi davrda jahonda dunyoni bilishning dastlabki usulini, inson tafakkuri imkoniyatlarini ochib berish shaklini aniqlash, falsafiy dunyoqarash jamiyatdagi ziddiyatlarni bartaraf qilishda ong, tafakkur va tasavvur hamda aqliy bilishning ahamiyati to‘g’risida fikr yuritilgan. 

The aim of research. Strengthening the socio-political status of women in the process of modernization of the society and elaborating proposals and recommendations on further enhancement of their activity in social and political life.
The scientific novelty of research consists of the following:
• the author has developed the description of gender differences in terms of «social mobility», «differentiation», «segregation», «status», «position», «role», «stereotype», «stigma»;
• traditional status of women in the social structure of society and their factors in overcoming social distances and social barriers in society.
•peculiarities of women's social mobility and the factors of the mutual differentiation arc explained;
• mental and ethnographic features of the factors promoting the socio-political status of women in the promotion of the new quality of reforms in the public administration and administration;
In Uzbekistan, practical proposals and recommendations have been developed to further strengthen the socio-political status of women and to further improve the legal framework for the guaranteeing their rights and interests.

The International Labour Organization has recognized that global employment trends in 2020 include unemployment, underutilization of the labour force, poverty among the
working population and income inequality, as well as factors that hinder access to decent working conditions. The reasons for youth unemployment in this case are: high
demographic pressure on the labor market; insufficient supply of new jobs in the labor market of Uzbekistan; insufficient skills of young people to make rational decisions in problem situations; low productivity of young people due to insufficient work experience, etc. The priority importance of stimulating youth employment in the
domestic labor market is emphasized by the normative and legal documents regulating the directions of socio-economic policy in support of education, health, culture and
sports. The fundamental document setting the vector of reforms in the youth sphere is five initiatives put forward by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Mirziyoyev. An indisputable consequence of the implementation of the five initiatives is to increase the efficiency of professional choice and the quality of acquisition of modern specialties necessary in the digital and innovative economy

Subjects of research: the Uzbek mentality and democratic consciousness, laws of menial changes and political-ideological processes, dialectics of their interrelation.
Purpose of work: the social * philosophical analysis of dynamics of historical formation, potential opportunities and original features of the Uzbek mentality with the purpose of optimization of ideological strategy of democratic development and an intensification of processes of reforms in modern Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: a principle of objectivity, complex and system approaches, the comparative and historical analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: the analysis of the Uzbek mentality and specific features of democratic consciousness inherent in it lead; positive and negative consequences of influence of sociopolitical processes on national mentality arc analysed; the role and a place of historical memory, religion, culture, education, political trends and movements in transformation of mentality are opened; are investigated interdependence between ideology of national development and mentality, laws and dialectics of changes of national mentality and democratic transformations arc investigated.
Practical value: conclusions and the practical recommendations staled in the dissertation, can be used in system of the higher and secondary education, ideological and scientific work, activity committees of mahalla and the youth organizations, and also by optimization of processes of democratization in a political life of republic.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the basic ideas of the dissertation have found the reflection in publications, performances at scientific-theoretical and scientific - practical conferences, have been used at carrying out of lecture and practical employment with students of the National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: results of the dissertation can be used in scientific researches in system of the humanities, in pedagogical activity, al development of politics of formation of national spirituality and education of youth.

Subjects of research: evolution of processes of comprehension of the rights at youth of Uzbekistan and influence on them of social factors.
Purpose of work: social aspects of evolution of comprehension of the right at youth, influence on them of social environment, sociological analysis of problems of the period of formation and development, and also scientific study of the objective and subjective factors influencing them, development on this basis of the offers and recommendations.
Methods of research: history, comparison, supervision, generalization, dialectic, system and functional approach, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, questionnaire (interrogation) of social research etc.
The results obtained and their novelty: The sociological analysis of the right and processes of his(its) realization arc organized; the certain role and importance of the legal socialization to personalities, right of the consciousness and legal culture in process of the realization of the right by youth; the explored questions of the influence of the right, actaasing social institute on process of the realization of the right by youth; for the first time in sociologies is organized scientific analysis notion "horizontal and specialized legal information"; by means of sociological studies studied separate factors processes of the realization by youth of the right, influencing upon consciousness and legal culture.
Practical value: theoretically - sociological generalizations, the conclusions of the dissertation can be used at study of such disciplines, as "Sociology", "Philosophy of a society(community)", "Legal sociology" (Sociology of the right), "Sociology of the person ".
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of research have found reflection in scientific journal, in the collections of articles of various conferences, and also in the educational-methodical grant (manual).
Field of application: the results of research can be used at training the bachelors in high schools, and also colleges and academic Liccums.Subjects of research: evolution of processes of comprehension of the rights at youth of Uzbekistan and influence on them of social factors.
Purpose of work: social aspects of evolution of comprehension of the right at youth, influence on them of social environment, sociological analysis of problems of the period of formation and development, and also scientific study of the objective and subjective factors influencing them, development on this basis of the offers and recommendations.
Methods of research: history, comparison, supervision, generalization, dialectic, system and functional approach, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, questionnaire (interrogation) of social research etc.
The results obtained and their novelty: The sociological analysis of the right and processes of his(its) realization arc organized; the certain role and importance of the legal socialization to personalities, right of the consciousness and legal culture in process of the realization of the right by youth; the explored questions of the influence of the right, actaasing social institute on process of the realization of the right by youth; for the first time in sociologies is organized scientific analysis notion "horizontal and specialized legal information"; by means of sociological studies studied separate factors processes of the realization by youth of the right, influencing upon consciousness and legal culture.
Practical value: theoretically - sociological generalizations, the conclusions of the dissertation can be used at study of such disciplines, as "Sociology", "Philosophy of a society(community)", "Legal sociology" (Sociology of the right), "Sociology of the person ".
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of research have found reflection in scientific journal, in the collections of articles of various conferences, and also in the educational-methodical grant (manual).
Field of application: the results of research can be used at training the bachelors in high schools, and also colleges and academic Liccums.

Reproductive health is a fundamental condition for a healthy society and a prosperous future for generations. In Kazakhstan, especially in Almaty, socioeconomic inequality, women’s lack of awareness of risks, and limited access to health services remain key challenges. The study, based on a cross-sectional quantitative methodology, included a survey of 320 women aged 18–49 years in eight districts of the Almaty city. Results showed that 59.4% of respondents experience pelvic pain, and 48.8% report changes in menstrual pain. However, 34.4% found itdifficult to assess symptoms such as pain during sexual activity, indicating stigma around discussing reproductive health issues.The findings highlight the need for educational reforms aimed at increasing reproductive literacy. However, cultural barriers, limited access to health care, and socioeconomic inequality continue to hinder progress. To overcome these challenges, cross-sectoral strategies are needed, including the integration of reproductive health programs into educational institutions and targeted initiatives to improve health infrastructure. The results of the study offer recommendations that can be applied not only in Kazakhstan, but also in other countries with similar dynamics, creating a basis for sustainable reforms in the field of education and health

In this article, the author discusses the content of the concept of social tolerance, the psychological features inherent in social tolerance

Subject of the inquiry is the social structure of society in the territory of Uzbekistan and its transformations in conditions of colonial and Soviet regimes.
Aim of the inquiry: is a complex investigation of transformations of the social stratification of society in the territory of Uzbekistan in close entwinement with political and socioeconomic events during the period from the end of the 19lh century up to the end of the 1930s.
Method of the inquiry: the research has employed the problcm-and-chronological and retrospective-historical methods, the methods of comparative and of system analyses.
The results achieved and their novelty: the dissertation is the first to make an attempt of approaching the studying of the problem of social stratification of society in the territory of Uzbekistan and to do a complex, multifaceted research covering a long historical period. The research was pursued from the new conceptual - methodological positions of the theory of stratification of society, what has not been used in domestic historiography until now.
Practical value: the materials systematized in the dissertation can help and contribute to more profound knowledge of the historical past of Uzbekistan thereby assisting to the formation of the worldview and ideology of the youth.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: the material of the disscrtational work is reflected in 38 publications including the monograph, 21 journal articles(including three articles in foreign journals), and three educational books. Currently these publications are used by university students and researchers.
Sphere of usage: material of the research might be useful to scholars of social and political sciences, to historians in their writing works on the history of Uzbekistan and in writing scientific-methodical study guides for students of higher education establishments and secondary-special educational institutions, as well as for professional training of high-skilled specialists.

Subject of the inquiry: the policy pursued by the government of our country to provide intense social protection of the population.
Aim of the inquiry: scientific investigation and analysis of forming the social safety net for the population in Uzbekistan within the years of independence, the work accomplished by the state and sponsor organizations in rendering material support for the low-income and impecunious people (by the example of southern regions).
Methods of the inquiry: the methods of historicism, scientific approach, systematization of collected materials, complex generalization, comparative-historical approach, periodicity, and objectivism have been used in carrying out the investigation.
The results achieved and their novelty: on the bases of various archive materials, current and statistical data, the social safety net for the population in Uzbekistan has been fully explored by the example of the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya oblasts. The large scope of collected material has been generalized and systematized with analyzing the distinctive features of social protection of the population in oases are.
Practical value: the research results and generalized materials of the dissertation can be used in the system of education, in lecturing and preparation of special lecture-courses, besides, the dissertational material can be used in writing the respective chapters of the history of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the research results found their reflection in author’s presentations at 19 scientific conferences and 5 scientific articles published.
Sphere of usage: the results of the dissertational work can be used in preparing and writing scientific works, textbooks, and educational books revealing the essence of the period of independence in the history of Uzbekistan, as well as in rendering special lecture-courses at the higher educational establishments and universities on the independence periods.

This article describes the theoretical and scientific basis of socio-psychological factors in the formation of social, personal, professional
and spiritual qualities of the student youth. Students' attitudes towards social factors, personality traits, worldviews, skills of applying theoretical knowledge in practice are covered. Particular attention is paid to radically improving the system of higher education, radically reconsidering the content of training, based on the priorities of socio-economic development of the country, creating the necessary conditions for training specialists with higher education in accordance with international standards

COVID-19 became a serious challenge for the entire world community, including Uzbekistan. All countries of the world have attempted to contain a policy to curb the spread of coronavirus infection. Since the first day of the detection of the disease, the government of Uzbekistan has taken comprehensive measures to prevent the spread of the virus, promptly organized professional free medical care for patients with Covidl9, implemented measures to support the economy, business and, most importantly, provided social support and assistance to families. Timely and effective response to the causes and consequences of Covidl9 incidence prevented the growth of mortality from coronavirus and instilled confidence of families in the future. The article presents a comparative analysis of the policies of Uzbekistan and other countries, as well as proposals for further improvement of measures in this direction.

Subjects of research: Social philosophical, scientific- theoretical analysis of activities, social religions organization and sect. Watch dialed with missioner, identify objective and subjective factors.
Purpose of work: Social philosophical analysis of origin and forming of missioners. Spread bay uses spades scientific recurs of objective and subjective factors, positive and negative influents of missioner and development society introduced Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: objectivity, analysis and synthesis, structural functional approach, logical, scientific cognition, social inquiry, historical genesis, studying of statistical source.
The results obtained and their novelty: investigated saluki point known missionaries and giving problem identification scientific, proved, that origin of the history of missionary. From there beginning of the past, is not agitation of religions bat, to great political turn. It the these team to destroy international, diplomatically, relines shin in to bring to serious political, national problem. For sieving joist from dangerous inclines, of missioners and uses ideology were divalent nicest.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in structure education, by political parties, guidance and organizations of non state organizations, socio-philosophical and spiritual educational institutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the research is tested at scientific conferences, in revealing the theme Identity and Society in undergraduate philosophy department of historical and philosophical faculty of the Samarqand State Universities named after A. Navoi, and also in the progress of teaching philosophy undergraduate students at lectures and seminars devoted to considering the categories of spirituality and culture.
Field of application: the results of investigation can be used by the teachers of colleges, lyceums and at higher educational institutions, on cultural subject as educational methodical handbook.

This article highlights the theory of building a social state, the reflection of the principles of a social state in the legislation of countries around the world and Uzbekistan, as well as the strategy of social reforms carried out in Uzbekistan to ensure human rights and freedoms.

The object of the study: special scientific literature on the history of hungry steppe at the end of XIX - at the beginning of XX, archive documents, periodic seal.
The purpose of the study: revealing the origin of the new populated centers in the territory of Hungry steppe, economic life, rites, religious beliefs, demographic condition, analysis of the influence stranger populations on social-economic situation of the territory at the end of XIX - at the beginning of XX.
The methods of the study: the methods for historicism, objectivity, validity and comparison have been used in studying selected subject and writing thesis.
The achieved results and their novelty: in thesis appropriate archive documents and other materials have been inserted into scientific everyday-life for the first time, social-economic position of the first russian villages organized in the territory of Hungry steppe has been all-round explored.
Practical significance: materials, collected and studied in thesis, as well as conclusions made can be used in studying the social-economic and demographic spheres of Uzbekistan.
The Degree of the introduction and economical efficiency: 15 scientific articles and thesis reports were published on thesis, in which main points of thesis arc elucidated.
The sphere of application: Materials of thesis can be used in writing the fundamental studies on history of Uzbekistan, scholastic allowance, as well as the introduction to special course on the study of a particular region and demography.

This article describe how to use the information technologies in education, both in everyday life and for distance learning, is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world. ICTs can significantly increase the chances of people getting an education at all levels. The widespread use of ICTs in knowledge acquisition can also promote family cohesion, promote family values, prevent adverse social conditions in families, and, above all, provide training in work and access to information and communication technologies. ICT provides an opportunity to organize remote work, the performance of professional duties by a freelancer at a distance from the location of the organization where he works (at home or in the center of telecommunications services), through telecommunications and computer equipment. This article reviews and analyzes the world experience in the use of information and communication systems and technologies in the social support and rehabilitation of families, suggests the introduction of special programs for the use of ICT in the field of social protection and support of people from families in need, which are mainly narrowly focused on providing specific functions and tasks for the organization of self-help for family representatives.

Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistonda qishloq joylarida turizmni rivojlantirishning imkoniyatlari va uning istiqbollarini ta'minlash bo'yicha olib borilayotgan chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilingan.

Subjects of research: the ethics identification of some national groups and international relations in contemporary stage of civil society formation in Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: conceptual ground of the public opinion functioning and it's influence on the international relations content in Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: the comparative methods of political, social -economic, cultural and historical approaches, empirical methods of questionnaire, interview, monitoring of public opinion and statistic methods of analysis empirical research.
The results obtained and their novelty: thesis includes fundamentally new vision of current problems considering modem realities: the criterions of the public opinion institute functioning quality are worked out, the ways and trends of increase the successful of international cooperation in Uzbekistan.
Practical value: the results of research may be used in different governmental and public agencies for improvement of international relations management and, of ethno social studies.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Results of the sociological studies are implemented into the practice of teaching and educational activity at the National University of Uzbekistan, Republic Center of Social Adaptation of children, UNISEF. as well as into the development and realization of a number of fundamental, applied and innovational studies ordered by governmental and public agencies at “Ijtimoiyi Fikr” Centre for public opinion studies of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Field of application*. The results of the research may serve as a basis for resolving of managerial tasks by the regional and local administrative structures in the field of interethnic settlement, as well as in the scientific and educational sphere.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the measures currently being taken in our country for the benefit of our citizens.

Objects of research: participation of women in Uzbekistan in an economic, political and spiritually-educational life and their activity.
Aim of the work: the social-philosophical analysis of problems of increase of activity of women during formation of the civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: dialectic, historicity, logicality, analysis and synthesis, complex approach, retrospective analysis, questionnaire, interview, conversation, supervision, comparative analysis, content-analysis methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: concept of civil society and its sociogenesis, the factors demanding increase of social activity of women were analyzed. It is investigated that the philosophy of feminism is the theoretical doctrine studying matters of women, sociopolitical activity of women is a basis and an indicator of democratization of governing institutes of the state and society. It is proved that the positive solution of economic reforms depends on activity of women, formation of spiritual-cultural and social-moral values is connected with highqualities of women and their intellectual potential and politically-legal culture.
Practical value: dissertation conclusions enrich social-philosophical view, the doctrine about women and society, gender philosophy, feminism and they also can be used in realization of practical measures on increasing of activity of women in the life of our country.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the final resumes and practical recommendations which were worked out on the basis of the results of the investigation have been applied in measures about themes of «fighting against trade of people», «letting know before breaking of law on moral rules», «increasing social activity of women» held by government of Bukhara region, female’s committee of Bukhara city, in the centre the Bukhara Regional Information Analysis of Institute of Studying of the Civil Society, the department of «fighting against trade of people» of Internal Affairs Board of Bukhara region, the center of «Istikbolli avlod» (Perspective generation) of Bukhara region, the departments of charitable Fund of «Mahalla» in Bukhara region and in improving professional skills and theoretic knowledge of stuffs, in working out and analyzing normative-legal documents.
Sphere of usage: Results of research can be applied in research works, in activity of female wings of political parties, self-government institutions and in Non Government Non Commercial Organizations concerning matters of religious-educational and moral education of women.

The aim of the study is to improve the principles of creating an image of Uzbekistan through foreign and national media.
The scientific novelty of the research is manifested in the following:
On the basis of a stable constant, they were improved on the historical, social, political, cultural and educational criteria for creating and forming a media image of the country;
On the basis of the differential approach, the prospects, the development of the country's media image and the conditions for adaptation are determined according to the constructive mechanism;
Foreign and national media materials on the formation of the media image of Uzbekistan are grouped by means of a sapostatic analysis with similar examples from the countries of the West, Asia and the CIS;
On the basis of the conceptual approach, the peculiarity of the «regional image» in the conditions of Uzbekistan is determined, and also taking into account national, religious and economic characteristics such as the «capital of Islamic culture», the «cradle of the ancient civilization», the «heavenly gate», and the «new industrial center».

The aim of the research is to provide scientific suggestion and to develop practical advice on perspectives of increasing living standard degree based on development of service sphere.
Scientific novelty of the research consists of the following propositions:
new definition of «living standards of people» is given which comprises the enhanced form of services;
“Enrichment of labour market” and “Satisfaction degree of work power requirement in labour market” are given as target for evaluating the enhancement of labour market which form income in service sphere;
in order increase the efficiency of social service mechanism forwarded toward low income families suggestions have been developed highlighting possibilities to cam additional income with the help of correct distribution of state budget;
it is proved that provision of service in the field of service helps to improve living standards of people in the future and its scientific foundation has been identified in development of service sector forecast for 2018-2021 years.

Subject of the research: urban settlements and their location in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Aim of the research: to investigate peculiarities of the formation and development of urban agglomerations in Uzbekistan on the example of the Tashkent agglomeration and to elaborate scientific- practical recommendations on its improvement.
Methods of research: economic- geographical and demographical analysis, comparative- geographical statistical, system- structural, cartographic, social interrogatory, typological and others.
The results achieved and their novelty: In the thesis the main stages of urban agglomerations formation have been investigated and the evolutional scheme of their development has been elaborated; the typology of agglomerated forms of settlement on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been worked out; different aspects of agglomerations as specific environment of social life population and the highest form of the concentration of manufacturing, infrastructure and innovation potential have been considered; on the example of the formation and development of the metropolitan system of settlement has been investigated and the territorial- structural problems has been recommendations on the Tashkent agglomeration improvement have been given.
Practical value: the scientific recommendations and suggestions elaborated can be applied during the elaboration of the General Schemes of the development of cities and agglomerations, the programs of social- economic development of the republican regions for special purposes, as well as in the theory and practice of town- building,
Degree of imbed and economic effectiveness: the main recommendations and suggestions, resulting from the research, have been used at the scientific research institution “ Uzshaharsozlik LITI” during the working out of the “General Scheme of the settlement on the territory of Uzbekistan”, in scientific research and project works at the “Tashgenplan” institution and in the teaching of the course “Geography of cities” at the geographical faculty of the Uzbekistan National University.
Field of application: hokimiyats of the Tashkent and the Tashkent district, research and designing institutes of town-building, higher educational institutions.

Subject of research: To open specifity of unity and fight opposites of social knowledge levels in study piocess to reveal demarction criteria in level of social perception; To defermine plase and volue of coceptual devise in empirical study;
Purpose of work: To reveal pecularities of modem empirical study in perception of essence radical changes in our social life.
Methods of research: The author relies on materials in history philosophy; sociology and history logic; on the richest experience of study theoretical cognitive problems in levels of scientific perseption, being accumulated in modern home and foreign philosophy; on large-scale perseption in area. Making up empirical basis; the concepts, being carried out them.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the fiorst time in home social philosophy literature the complete analysis of dialectics and perularities of empirical level in social perreption are given; the main accent is made on analysis of philosophical, sociological and historical knowledge; It is proved on identity of methology social perseption and natural sciences, and, also on illegitimacy of absollutization of their specificity.
Practical value: The carried ont resrarches give passibility to reveal more deeply nature and specificity content of modern empirical study in social perception of its pecularities. Positions and conclusions of dissertation are of dissertation are of great importanse for opening methological and world view levels role of social perception and practice.
Degree of embed and effictivity: Dissetation materials and conclusions can be in volved in process of training social humanitarian courses.
Field of application: in practice of teaching work and propaganda scientific perception as material for phylosophy course special courses, seminars for students, past graduales.

Mazkur maqolada mamlakatimizda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy islohotlarni izchil amalga oshirish, milliy iqtisodiyotni yangi davr darjasiga ko’tarish, eksportga yo’naltirilgan ishlab chiqarish tarmoqlarini vujudga keltirish va jahon iqtisodiyoti integratsiyasiga jadal kirib borish xalqaro moliya munosabatlarini barqaror rivojlantirishni taqozo etadi. Mazkur masalalarni ijobiy hal qilishda mamlakatning xalqaro moliya munosabatlaridagi ishtiroki muhim o’rin tutadi.