Natural Sciences

Maqolada Xivaning geologik va gidrogeologik sharoitlarini o'rganish bo'yicha olib borilgan instrumental kuzatuvlar natijalari bo'lajak zilzilalar paytida mintaqa intensivligining o'sishini baholash uchun taqdim etilgan.

The aim of the research is to composition and production of technological production of composite lubricating oils for reducers based on local raw materials.
The subject of the research work: The composition of the compaction gear oils includes tar, dewaxed oil, grease, additive CD-7.
The scientific novelty of the research work is the following:
when determining the stability of the oxidation-reduction property of the oil and its components on the basis of gear lubricating oils, the maximum mass loss rate is determined;
a comparative analysis of reducer lubricating oils and their components have been studied by the thermal relationships between resins and asphaltenes;
the use of sodium soaps in the oxidation of CD-7 in the lubricating oils of the compressor components in the form of sodium soap indicates the thermostability of the excess of the supervision and the resistance to thermal decomposition;
the heat-resistant ability of the composition is based on the main effects of tar as well as oxidation and counter-attack of the additive CD-7 in its composition;
the structure and technology of extracting gear lubricating oils from new contents with high performance properties based on local raw materials have been created.

The aim of the research work is the physical and chemical substantiation and working out of comprehensible technology of complex processing leach deposits Karaumbet and Barsakelmes to bischofit with reception myrabilit, plaster, a chalk and halite, using in quality desulfonation reagent distiller liquids - withdrawal UE «Kungrad soda factory».
The scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
for the first time, scientifically grounded data on the complex processing of the brine of Karaumbet and Barsakelmes lakes for magnesium chloride with simultaneous utilization of the distillation liquid - waste of soda production;
the influence of climatic factors of the region and evaporation on changes in wound composition;
the patterns of influence of technological factors on the degree of desulfuration, the rheological properties and composition of brine;
the technical solutions allowing to increase the degree of purification of desulfurized brine from residual amounts of sulphates and calcium;
developed a comprehensive and effective technology for processing the brine of Karaumbet and Barsakelmes lakes for magnesium chloride with the associated production of gypsum, calcium carbonate, halite.

This article contains information about table tennis and its positive and effective sights, it’s two types with information about them. Tennis, original name lawn tennis, game in which two opposing players (singles) or pairs of players (doubles) use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on a rectangular court. Points are awarded to a player or team whenever the opponent fails to correctly return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court.

The urgency and relevance of the dissertation topic. Many scientific and applied studies (conducted at the world level) are in many cases brought to the problems of the theory of phase transitions in physics, biology, statistical mechanics, and so on. The theory of phase transitions is closely related to the theory of Gibbs measures. The development of the theory of such measures important because of the complexity of the description of Gibbs measures for classical models and the insufficient formalization of verification of their existence.
The aim of the research work is study existence of weakly periodic Gibbs measures and ground states for the Ising and Potts models. Construct some class of non (weakly) periodic limiting Gibbs measures, ground states and calculate free energies for the Ising and Potts models.
Scientific novelty' of the research work is as follows:
In the case of a normal subgroup of index four, for some conditions, it is proved that for the Ising model there are at least seven weakly periodic Gibbs measures;
Notions of (£0)-translation-invariant and (£0)- periodic Gibbs measure are introduced and the existences of such measures are proved;
General formula, for free energies for the Ising and Potts models are given, free energies corresponding to some known boundary conditions are calculated;
For the antiferromagnetic Potts model on the Cayley tree the existence of 2q -2 weakly periodic Gibbs measures is proved for normal subgroups of index two;
Under some conditions for the ferromagnetic Potts model on the Cayley tree the existence of at least two weakly periodic Gibbs measures is proved;
For the Potts model with external field, under defined conditions, the existence of at least two weakly periodic Gibbs measures is proved;
For the Potts model dependence between translation-invariant Gibbs measures and boundary conditions is found. Boundary conditions corresponding to the translation-invariant Gibbs measures are constructed;
For the Ising model with competing interactions on the Cayley tree sufficient and necessary conditions (on the order к of lattice and on parameters of normal subgrups of index two and four), for existence four of weakly periodic ground states are found;
For arbitrary normal subgrup of finite indices sufficient and necessary conditions are given under which a configurations is ground state of the Ising model with competing interactions on Cayley tree;
For the Potts model with competing interantion sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained under which there are weakly periodic ground states.

Subject of the inquiry: An old irrigated typical sierozem soil, an irrigated meadow alluvial soil, cotton crop, labeled and non-labeled nitrogen fertilizer, manure, furrow irrigation, drip irrigation, polyethylene film, mulch.
Aim of the inquiry: Regulation of transformation processes of soil and fertilizer nitrogen in accordance with requirements of cotton plant in the belt of irrigated sierozem soils.
Method of inquiry: Field, lyzimeter and pot experiments with cotton were conducted in accordance with “Methods of field experimentation with irrigated cotton” (Uzbekistan Cotton Growing Research Institute, 1973, 1981). Chemical analyses of soil and plant samples were performed according to "Methods of agrochemical analyses of soil and plants" (Uzbekistan Cotton Growing Research Institute, 1963, 1977). Relative growth rate of cotton stem and dry mass accumulation were determined as suggested by D. 13. South (1991). Relative growth rate of nitrogen productivity was calculated according to P. Poorter (1989). Data were subjected to analysis of variance using PROC GLM procedures in SAS (SAS Institute, 2003).
The results achieved and their novelty: The qualitative data on soil nitrate content as well as the N-total concentrations in cotton leaves allowed for the differentiation and thus improvement of the nitrogen fertilizer application norms and timing for cotton growth.
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery in cotton was determined by l?N methods both for cotton grown with a mulch of polyethylene film and combined with various timings of nitrogen application, different nitrogen quantities and under different irrigation modes including drip and furrow irrigation.
The impact of nitrogen quantities applied during planting on the germination of cotton seeds and stand establishment was researched. The content and dynamic of all soil mineral nitrogen forms were investigated. In addition, estimated was the quantitative ratio of available soil NPK throughout the cotton vegetation period, the relative growth rate of nitrogen productivity, cotton growth and development, and cotton yield depending of the nitrogen application timing while cotton was grown w ith the use of polyethylene film.
Mineralization and immobilization processes of nitrogen in the soil and the fertilizer nitrogen l5N balance was investigated under various ratios of manure carbon and with different brands of fertilizer nitrogen. Results showed that the optimal C:N ratio was obtained with the combination of cow-dung carbon + nitrogen of mineral fertilizer + manure applied, which was reflected in an improved availability of plants nutrients content in the soil, which in turn increased cotton yield and the quality of the cotton lint.
The transformation of mineral forms of soil nitrogen, NPK uptake and dry mass accumulation by plants, as well as cotton yield quantities and quality were investigated subject to various nitrogen rates and application timing combined with different irrigation technologies, irrigation methods and modes.
Practical value: Based on the results following implications options could be elaborated:
- A method for a refined use of nitrogen fertilizers application both in terms of quantities and timing on cotton which is based on the nitrate content in the soil (for automorphyc soils only) and on the nitrogen concentration in plant leaves which is applicable for all soil types;
- nitrogen fertilizer application methods for various irrigation technologies used in cotton production (alternate irrigation during whole vegetation);
- efficient method of a combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on cotton, which lowered the use of nitrogen fertilizer rate by 30% and concurrently increased the scope of usage for organic fertilizer;
- nitrogen fertilizer application timing on cotton when cotton is grown with the use of polyethylene film.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: The results of the investigations formed the scientific basis for the development of “Practical recommendations in agriculture: soil, water, fertilizer” (in Russian, MAWR, Tashkent, 1996. - 108 p.), “Recommendations on production of high and qualitative cotton yield in Tashkent Province” (in Uzbek, UzSPCA, Tashkent, 1996. - 16 p.), Recommendations on the use of mineral and organic fertilizer in cotton growing” (in Uzbek, UzSPCA, Tashkent, 2003. - 24 p.). Practical recommendations as presented in this thesis were included in various provinces of the country but on a total area of 80,000 hectares. Hence this would lead to a net profit varying from 48,826 to 215,981 sums ha'1 caused by the recommendations
Sphere of usage: Farmers units specialized in cotton production in the belt of the irrigated sierozem soils.

The aim of the research work is to make an inventory of quantitative and qualitative composition of the biodiversity of ground vertebrates in various ecosystems of the South Aral Sea region, to reveal the structure of the population and study the ecological adaptation of birds and mammals to the conditions of the anthropogenic habitats.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
It has been estimated that the modern specific difference of the vertebrates of the the South Aral Sea region consists of reptiles - 33 species, birds - 317, mammals - 67 species;
The index numbers of the studied group of animals has been established for the first time through the Kyzylkum, Usturt regions and the Lower Amu-Darya and has been comparatively rated of the conditions of habitats of the Aral ecological crisis;
For the first time large breeding colony of Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) have been studied in Sudochi lake systems in Uzbekistan and the peculiarities of its breeding biology;
For the first time the peculiarities of omitho-fauna of artificial saxaul plantations on dried bottom of the Aral Sea have been established;
It has been found out the influence of drying-out of the Aral Sea on the reduction of specific diversity, slackening of gene pool, disturbance of aged numerical recurrence of mass animal species;
It has been revealed the decrease in fertility of polyestral species of small mammals in the Kyzylkum and in Usturt in different periods of ecological crisis.

Subjects of research: domestic wastewater, biological wastewater treatment system.
Purpose of work: to reveal hydrodynamic features of the biological treatment system, upgrading the designs and increasing an efficiency of the work of the secondary clarifier treatment systems.
Methods of research: Methods of the study received in hydraulics and hydrobiology.
The results obtained and their novelty: Developed and approved mathematical model of the hydrodynamic mode of biological treatment of domestic wastewater from treatment plant.
Practical value: Obtained mathematical dependencies allow in determining of hydraulic parameters of biological treatment, developed design promotes for increasing an efficiency of the work of secondary clarifier.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Results of the work have been presented of the Groups in realization projects of ADB, executing a project reconstruction of treatment plant in Karshi city
Field of application: Water communal economy branches, waste water cleaning objects and environment safety organizations.

Subjects of the inquiry: a toaster, the evaporator, solvent, cotton oil-cake, connected gossiple, mould mushroom and carotinsintezing yeast.
The purpose of work: Consists on creation scientifically-proved effectual biotechnologies of processing cotton oil-cake, allowing produce a valuable forage not containing toxic gossiple and enriched by fiber, soluble carbohydrates, carotinolds, lipids, possessing good comprehensibility.
Method of inquiry: for the analysis and the estimation of quality cotton oil-cake physical and chemical, microbiological, biochemical and mathematical methods of research are used.
The results achieved and their novelty: it is revealed and proved at joint cultivating of micromisyt and carotinsintezing yeast it is deep detoxate of gossiple on cotton oil-cake. The basic optimum parametres of technology cultivating investigated microorganisms (temperature t =28-30°C, pussycatslotnost of environment pH~7, duration detoxing and are defined т = 96-120 hours) essentially new technology of upgrading cotton oil-cake. The way of detoxing gossiple in cotton oil-cake is confirmed by patent РУз JAP 03544.
Practical value: the developed new technology of upgrading cotton oil-cake existing technologies on technological and economic efficiency. Provides animal industries and poultry farming by a high-quality and food safe forage.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the offered technology of upgrading cotton oil-cake of gossiple is approved by biological transformation in Open Society is skilled-working conditions «Kogon-oil extract», where positive results have been received. The basic scientific positions and results are introduced in educational process TCHTI and used at reading of courses «Technology of fats» and «Microbiology and bases of biotechnology». Expected economic benefit of introduction of offered technology makes 65,8 mln. sum at productivity of factory 24840 ton processed of cotton oil-cake in a year.
Sphere of usage: Oil-fat industry.

Subjects of research: user clay like adsorbents, mineral oil, paraffin, and suffice active agents (SAA), gaining one basis of fatty acids of cotton slapstick.
Purpose of work: upgrade technology of deriving of mineral oil and paraffin’s from used adsorbents though combined using of developed SAA and sentrabejno annarats.
Methods of research: analysis of physical and chemical index’s of used clay lice adsorbents, mineral oil, and paraffin’s has been worked out upgrade methods of physical, chemical, spectral, and chromatograms phi cal investigation with used EVM and mathematic methods of cultivating experimental facts.
The results obtained and their novelty: there has been elicited feature of composing and property of used clay like adsorbents in Forgone OOP and also basis of production processes of deriving from mineral oil, and paraffin’s in com dined using of worked out SAA and sentrabejno annarats.
There has been worked out relative mathematic models and optimal technological regimes for process of deli vine mineral oil and paraffin’s from used adsorbents with using of worked out SAA and sentrabejno annarats, which receive vend contraption and surf their positive results in experienced industrial trials in condition of Forgone OPP.
Practical value: the results of investigation allowed research founded possibility of gaining water soluble SAA from withdrawals of oil-fat industries and their appliance in devil vying of mineral oil and paraffin from used clay like adsorbents.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: pending economical effect of inculcating of working, combined technologies to deriving of mineral oil and paraffin’s with using of recommended SAA and sentrabejno annarats enterprise will be more than 77.0 mln. sums in a year.
Field of application: A trial of recommended technologies is deriving of mineral oil and paraffin’s from used adsorbents with using of recommended SAA, and sentrabejno annarats. In Forgone OPP showed that possibility of intensification of this process’s and economy of energy, materials, reagents and others.
Adaptation of condition of Forgone OPP has been worked out technological regulation in deriving of mineral oil and paraffin’s from used adsorbents with jointly using of recommended and sentrabejno annarats.

The monograph describes the pollution of soil with heavy metals due to automotive waste in Samarkand in 2019-2021, their soil components, the process of interaction with organic matter, methods for determining the amount of copper, local and modern methods of extraction of heavy metals from the soil. In addition, the risk of chemical contamination of the soil has been assessed from an ecological and hygienic point of view, and the presence of hazardous classes, mainly specific to 2-3-4 classes, has been identified. Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, etc. are found in the landfill and the importance of plants in their emergence from the soil has been studied in detail. This monograph is recommended for medical prophylaxis, ecology, biology specialties, staff of the Committee for Nature Protection, researchers, educators, masters and students.

Subject of the inquiry: tcnzosensitivity films Bi2Te3 , Sb2 Tc3 got under vacuum evaporation, high recouped silicon with deep level, flint p-n-transition, AGP film CdTc and Si.
Aim of the inquire is a study of mechanism origin EMF in p-n-transition in strong SRF floor. The Description speakers deforming effect in tcnzoscnsitivitics film by methods R(s) path and thermodynamics of the round-robin processes.
Methods of inquiry: The methods R(e) path in theories of the fluctuations. Modeling deforming effect. The Numerical experiments.
The results achieved and their novelty:
1. Reduction of vortical currents for the first time is shown at the expense of force Miller.
2. Method of thermodynamics of cyclic processes and (R (s)) diagrams for the first time is used for research of deformation effects in semiconductors.
3. Establish influence of the illumination of the own light on phase trajectory of deforming effect.
Practical value: Method phase path can be use when checking the features semiconductor. The Results studies of tcnzosensitivity can be used at development a new tenzogauges
Sphere of usage: Microelectronics, solid state physics, physics semiconductor, optoelectronics.

Subject of the inquiry: <t-smooth weakly additive, order- preserving, normed functionals and their space and functor.
Aim of the inquiry: to investagc topological and categorical properties of the spaces of cr -smooth order- preserving functionals.
Methods of inquiry: methods of general topology, covariant functors theory and functional analysis have been used.
The results achieved and their noveltyj. results obtained in the thesis arc new and consist of the following: It is proven that the construction On is a covariant functor, acting in the category of Tychonoff spaces and their continuous maps. A criteria is given for cr -smoothness of weakly additive, order- preserving functionals. It is shown that if f : X —> Y is a z -embedding between Tychonoff spaces, then the map Oa (f) : On (X) —> On (%) is an embedding. It is shown that the functor Oa forms a monada. It is proven that the space O^iX) is Hewitt complete for every Tychonoff space X.
A description is given for the Hewitt completions of Tychonoff spaces in terms of the spaces of a -smooth order-preserving functionals. We give a condition for coincidence of the spaces of r-smooth weakly additive and cr-smooth weakly additive functionals. It is shown that weight of the space O^X) of a -smooth weakly additive functionals is between the weight of Hewitt completions and z -weight of the given Tychonoff space X.
The practical value: the results of the thesis have a theoretical character.
Degree of application and economic effectivity: Results and methods introduced in the work can be used in special courses on general topology, functional analysis and theory of covariant functors.
Sphere of usage: the results of the thesis may be used in general topology, covariant functors theory and functional analysis.

Subjects of the inquiry: the research objects arc synthetic polymers and low-molecular compounds. The subject of the research was determination of the quantitative relationships between structure and property in the selected class of compounds and systems.
Aim of the inquiry: development of topologic QSPR modeling for calculation of physical properties of polymers on the basis of information about their structure and with use of optimal descriptors based on statistical regularity as theoretical basis for determination of properties and purposeful synthesis of polymers.
Method of inquiry: for determining of the “structure - property” dependencies optimization of correlation weights of local graph invariants has been applied. Per se this approach is a hybrid of the additive scheme and the regression analysis based on structural descriptors.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time optimal descriptors have been used for the determining of the “structure - property” correlation. Application of local descriptors based on the optimization of correlative weights of local graph invariants for prediction of physical properties of single- and doublecomponent polymeric systems has been estimated. For the first time models of the glass transition temperature of polyarylenoxidcs, the melting temperature of oligophcnilens and octanol-water partition coefficients of organic substances have been estimated as well as the Flory-Huggins parameter, lower critical temperatures of blendings and the intrinsic viscosity of two-componcntal of “polymer-solvent” systems.
Practical value: practical relevancy includes the fact that models of various characteristics of polymeric systems allows to predict by the calculation way above mentioned characteristics for wide range of single- and double-components “polymer-dissolvent” systems obtained which makes unnecessary complicated and expensive and sometimes even technically labor-intensive experiments.
Sphere of usage: research method, obtained “structure - property” models and prediction algorithms can be used:
• for analysis of set of polymeric structures in order to select prospective structures for technological implementation of practical tasks in physics and chemistry of high-molecular compounds;
• for researches in the field material science during investigation of the “structure - property” dependencies for high-molecular single- and doublecomponents systems;
• in educational process in material-sciences high education institutes.

Subjects of the inquiry: the research objects arc synthetic polymers and low-molecular compounds. The subject of the research was determination of the quantitative relationships between structure and property in the selected class of compounds and systems.
Aim of the inquiry: development of topologic QSPR modeling for calculation of physical properties of polymers on the basis of information about their structure and with use of optimal descriptors based on statistical regularity as theoretical basis for determination of properties and purposeful synthesis of polymers.
Method of inquiry: for determining of the “structure - property” dependencies optimization of correlation weights of local graph invariants has been applied. Per se this approach is a hybrid of the additive scheme and the regression analysis based on structural descriptors.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time optimal descriptors have been used for the determining of the “structure - property” correlation. Application of local descriptors based on the optimization of correlative weights of local graph invariants for prediction of physical properties of single- and doublecomponent polymeric systems has been estimated. For the first time models of the glass transition temperature of polyarylcnoxides, the melting temperature of oligophcnilens and octanol-water partition coefficients of organic substances have been estimated as well as the Flory-Huggins parameter, lower critical temperatures of blendings and the intrinsic viscosity of two-componcntal of “polymer-solvent” systems.
Practical value: practical relevancy includes the fact that models of various characteristics of polymeric systems allows to predict by the calculation way above mentioned characteristics for wide range of single- and double-components “polymer-dissolvent” systems obtained which makes unnecessary complicated and expensive and sometimes even technically labor-intensive experiments.
Sphere of usage: research method, obtained “structure - property” models and prediction algorithms can be used:
• for analysis of set of polymeric structures in order to select prospective structures for technological implementation of practical tasks in physics and chemistry of high-molecular compounds;
• for researches in the field material science during investigation of the “structure - property” dependencies for high-molecular single- and doublecomponents systems;
• in educational process in material-sciences high education institutes.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. The solution of a number of fundamental problems in the field of various applications on a global level requires the establishment of science refined mathematical models of physical processes under study, the development of new methods of research and implementation of the results into practice. Based on the needs of practice, increased attention to the theory of equations of high order, in particular, to the theory of partial differential equations of the third order. Among the third-order equations occupy a special place of the equation with multiple characteristics thanks to its specific characteristics. To study the small but finite amplitude waves in dispersive media as a model equation is often used Kortcweg - de Vries equation, which is a nonlinear equation of the third order with multiple characteristics, comprising a first derivative with respect to time. The developed theory for these equations was the impetus for starting research and for other classes of equations - third-order equations with multiple characteristics, containing the second derivatives with respect to time. Due to the complexity of the processes associated with the above equations and the lack of sufficiently developed analytical methods, the study of third-order equations with multiple characteristics, containing the second derivatives with respect to time, is one of the priority areas.
The scientists of our country obtained significant results in studies of third-order equations with multiple characteristics, comprising a first derivative with respect to time. For such high-ordcr equations constructed fundamental solutions, expressed in terms of special functions, studied their properties and behavior, also solved the boundary value problems. Using the fundamental solution built L.Cattabriga, we investigated boundary value problems for a third order equations with multiple characteristics, containing the second derivatives with respect to time. According to the equations of the mixed type and the composite high-order and mixed-composite type achieved certain results recognized in the world. The equations of the third order with multiple characteristics, containing the second derivatives with respect to time, require the construction of fundamental solutions through a special function, the study of their properties and behavior and decisions with their help, boundary value problems, and this requires a search for new approaches to solving this problem.
Research processes of nonlinear acoustics, the hydrodynamic theory of cosmic plasmas, nonlinear vibrations, fluid flow in the channel, surrounded by a porous medium, etc. associated with the study of a third-order equation with multiple characteristics, containing the second derivatives with respect to time, as well as problems for equations of mixed parabolic - hyperbolic type, which explains the need to study these equations.
Research in this thesis to some extent arc the challenges identified in the Republic of Uzbekistan Presidential Decree nubmer. PR-436 of 7 August 2006 "On measures to improve the coordination and management of the development of science and technology", the number PP-916 from July 15, 2008 "On additional measures to stimulate innovative projects and technologies" and other normative-legal acts of fundamental sciences.
The aim ofresearch workis to construct the fundamental and analytic solutions for the third order equations with multiple characteristics which have second order derivative in time and in three dimensional space to solve the boundary value problems for parabola hyperbolic equations.
Scientific novelty of the research workis as follows:
the theory of analytical and fundamental solutions for equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time has been constructed with the help of special functions;
for the first time the algorithm of solution for the boundary value problems by the Fourier method is worked out for the third order equations with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time;
the potential theory for equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative with respect to time is developed;
in the solution of the boundary value problems, stated for equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time, the Green functions are constructed;
the Fourier algorithm is applied to the solution of the boundary value problems for equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time;
the unique solvability of Tricomi and Gellerstedt's problems for mixed parabolic - hyperbolic equation in three-dimensional space is showen;
the necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of the direct and inverse Fourier integral transforms in solution of the boundary value problems in three -dimensional space arc justified.
CONCLUSION
The dissertation work is devoted to development of the theory of fundamental solutions and theory of potential, construction of the constructive theory of the Fourier method for third-order equations with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative with respect to time, as well as proof of the unique solvability of boundary value problems for mixed parabolic-hyperbolic equations in a three-dimensional space
The main results of the resarch arc the following.
1. The theory of analytical and fundamental solutions for equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time are constructed with the help of special functions.
2. For the first time the algorithm of solution for the boundary value problems by the Fourier method is worked out for the third order equations with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time.
3. The potential theory for equations of the third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative with respect to time is fully justified.
4. The Green functions are constructed to solution of boundary value problems for equations of the third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative in time.
5. The Fourier algorithm is applied to solution of the boundary value problems, for degenerate equations of third order with multiple characteristics containing the second derivative with respect to time.
6. The uniquely solvability of Tricomi and Gellerstedt's problems for mixed parabolic - hyperbolic equation in three-dimensional space is proved.
7. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the direct and inverse Fourier transform for solution of the boundary value problems in three-dimensional space are found.

O'zbekistonda ta'lim-tarbiya sohasini isloh qilishning asosiy omillaridan biri "shaxs manfaati va ta’lim ustuvorligi"dir. Bu omil davlatimizning ijtimoiy siyosatini belgilab berganligi tufayli ta'limningyangi modeli yaratildi.

The aim of the research is to study isotherms and full thermodynamic behaviours of gases and vapours on zeolite type of HZSM-5.
The scientific novelty of the research work is the following:
there have been presented the precision data of isotherms and complete thermodynamic behaviours (A/7, AF and AS) adsorption of n-heptane, carbon dioxide, benzene, orthos-, meta- and pair-xylene in HZSM-5 zeolite, as well as accordance of two- and t trinomial equations on theory of volume filling of micro pores (VOM) by stepped behaviour has been proved;
there has been established the stepped behaviour of adsorption heat of n-heptane, carbon dioxide, benzene, orthos-, meta- and pair-xylene with mutual adsorptive correlation of high stages of H’ heat in the zeolites;
there has found the dependency of zeolites’ structure upon adsorptive properties of n- heptane, carbon dioxide, benzene, orthos-meta- and pair- xylene on HZSM-5 zeolites, that is accurate numbers of hydrogen cations and their localization;
there has been proved screen arrangement of hydrogen cations in the crystalline structure of HZSM-5. In the process adsorption during the formation of various ion-molecular complexes migration of hydrogen cations on sides and the main canals of the zeolites structures is shown, as well. It is observed that filling hydrogen cations by sides canals due to their minimum sizes.

This article shows various options for selecting and forming crews by analyzing the foreign experience of forming team crews in academic rowing sports. It was determined that the system of selecting and training crews in each country has, on the one hand, general and, on the other hand, specific national characteristics.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.

The aim of the research is development Lai-Massey network, encryption algorithms based on this network and generation resistance S-boxes.
The objectives of the research are the Lai-Massey networks, Nyberg construction.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
created Lai-Massey networks form IDEAX-Y, RFWKIDEAX-Y using the structure of encryption algorithm IDEA and Lai-Massey scheme;
created Lai-Massey networks form PESX-Y. RFWKPESX-Y using the structure of encryption algorithm PES and Lai-Massey scheme;
developed encryption algorithms form AES-IDEAX-Y, AES-RFWKIDEAX-Y, AES-PESX-Y, AES-RFWKPESX-Y as a result of applying the round function of the encryption algorithm AES as the round functions of Lai-Massey networks:
developed encryption algorithms form GO ST28147-89-1DE AX-Y, GOST28147-89-RFWKIDEAX-Y, GOST28I47-89-PESX-Y, GOST28147-89-RFWKPESX-Y as a result of applying the round function of encryption algorithms GOST 28147-89 as round functions of Lai-Massey networks;
on the basis of Nyberg construction developed resistance S-box size of 8x8, 4x4.
Implementation of the research results. On the base of Lai-Massey network, based on a single algorithm:
encryption algorithm AES-IDEA32-4 created using round transformations of encryption algorithm AES, implemented in the software «Himfayl» in SUE «UNICON.UZ» (certificate of the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of May 29, 2017 No. 33-8 / 3256). Availability capabilities choice key length and number of rounds in the encryption algorithm AES-IDEA32-4. and application of encryption algorithms in file protection arbitrary format led to an increase in encryption speed by 17%.
encryption algorithm GOST28147-89-IDEA16-2 created using round transformations of encryption algorithm AES, implemented in the software «Himfayl» in SUE «UNICON.UZ» (certificate of the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of May 29, 2017 No. 33-8 / 3256). Availability capabilities choice key length and number of rounds in the encryption algorithm GOST28147-89-IDEA16-2, and application of encryption algorithms in file protection arbitrary format led to an increase in encryption speed by 21%.
The results of the dissertation encryption algorithms AES-PESI6-1, AES-RFWKPES16-1, AES-RFWKPES32-I, AES-RFWKIDEA32-1 arc used in foreign scientific works (International Journal of Network Security, vol. 19, No.6, pp.899-903, Nov. 2017; Internationa) Journal of Network Security, vol. 19, No.6, pp.984-994, Nov. 2017; Internationa) Journal of Network Security, vol. 19, No.3, pp.413-420, May 2017; Displays, vol.49, pp.l 16-123, Sep. 2017). The application of scientific results allows for the construction of further characterization of H-vectorial functions, hiding information in binary images, when protecting large images, cryptographically model for efficient multiple keyword-based search over encrypted data by secure index.
Publication of the results. On the topic of the dissertation published only 50 scientific papers, in t.ch. 21 articles (13 in the republican and 8 in foreign journals) published in scientific publications, recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the main scientific results of doctoral dissertations. 6 certificates on registration of software for computers have been received.
The outline of the thesis. The thesis consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 198 pages.

The aim of the research work is theoretical development of mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of silicon solar photocells, increasing their guaranteed durability and reducing their cost significantly by using nanoscalc components.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
the characteristic properties of a silicon substrate enabling the realization of the proposed mechanism for the formation of a contact structure with nanocomponcnts were determined;
the conditions were clarified for the self-organization of nanostructures on the surface determined by the difference of constant lattices between the substrate and nanoinclusions that arise by mechanical tension and temperature regime;
the maximum and minimum sizes of nanocomponcnts were determined, which arc conditioned by the energy characteristics of contacting materials;
a mechanism was identified for the formation of a heterojunction, which includes a transition, a nanoscale chalcogenide point-а substrate forming a onedimensional needle-shaped specific electrostatic field that ensures the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs;
on the basis of the developed model it was shown that uncontrolled partially-compensated deep impurities that arc available in the silicon substrate lead to an expansion of the spectrum of effective absorption of solar radiation into the longwave region;
It is shown that the depth of occurrence of the near-surface region of space charge has a linear dependence on the concentration of residual impurities in the silicon substrate and the dielectric constant of the nanoparticlc matter.
the advantages of a long near-surface of space charge region during the photovoltaic transformation and its difference from the classical p-n junction arc investigated. In particular, the separating field of a new contact structure begins from the surface of the substrate and extends deep into several tens of microns.
it is shown that in the developed contact structure, practically all the absorption of light and the production of electron-hole pairs occur in the space charge region, which leads to their instantaneous separation and transport. This factor removes strict requirements to the purity and crystallinity of the substrate material, and also makes it possible to use as a substrate a material in which carriers have a short lifetime and, correspondingly, a short mean free path.

Topicality and relevance of the dissertation theme. Water is the main limiting strategic resource in arid areas that determine the development of all sectors of the economy. Addressing issues of water supply has become an essential and complex contemporary scientific-technical problem, as «...coming to 2030 global deficiency of water resources in the planet will reach to 40 %...Global consumption of water in 2050 will increase up to 55 % »'. Population explosion and intensive development of economy intensifies shortage of water resources. Especially, that applies to areas with limited natural water resources where stable development depends on water transboardcrcd rivers.
In this regard, during the years of independence, the leadership of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted a number of decisions to address the urgent problems of the country. «Water is considered as one of the main causes of climatic changes. Fighting against escalating risks and uncertainties of natural disasters is essential for elaboration of methodic and effective mechanisms of regulations»
With climatic global changes, development of advanced technic solutions for improving hydroccologic and meliorative-hydrologic conditions of irrigated lands in arid areas is required, including modernized technologies and methods of managing dynamics of moisture and salination conditions in aerated zones, subirrigation, water demineralization and soil melioration, principles of struggle against salination and erosion on the bases of complex experimental-theoretical analysis and forecasting main irrigation tendencies, that arc needed for practical usage by irrigational and agricultural organizations.
This dissertation research serves as fulfillment of tasks, listed in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (№ UP - 3932 of 29.10. 2007) «On measures on radical improvement of land reclamation», the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 19 april 2013 № PP - 1958 «On measures of further improvement of irrigated land and water management for the period 2013-2017, » Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers R. Uz from 20 may 1999 № 259 «On holding irrigational-mcliorative works for the period of 1999-2000», from 21 july 2003 № 320 «On Improvement of Water Management», from 19 march 2013 № 82 "On Approval of the order of water use and consumption in the Republic of Uzbekistan" and other standardizcd-lcgal ducumcnts, accepted in this field.
Purpose of research is to develop waterproof hydroccologic technologies and meliorative-hydrologic methods.
The scientific novelty of research is as follows:
enhanced the principles of the creation of anti-filtering screen at a given depth of groundwater;
scientifically proved through sub-irrigation development of devices for controlling runoff and drainage schemes «Cascade»;
proposed water saving and soil-protective method, preventing irrigation erosion in flat gypsum soils;
for the first time recommended chemical meliorants, depressing soda salinization of soil with forming effective fertilizing- chili saltpetre;
developed metods of water demineralization;
suggested the technology of increasing efficiency of precipitation, irrigation and groundwater plants, which in-leads to the prevention of negative phenomena, improve productivity and increase the aeration zone energy (exergy);
CONCLUSION
1. Strategically-limiting nature of the region's water resources is justified by theoretical analysis of a representative period, the priority of water management characteristics of mathematical statistics, which confirms the correctness of the differentiation of natural water conditions and is the first experience of area-regional zoning in modem terminology. It is a type of application and geographical regionalization is to allocate natural water complexes (PVCs), considering historical administrative boundaries with a single natural base, which revealed new negative hydro-ecological and hydrological processes, to develop a set adaptive solutions for each upgraded PVHR.
2. Proven fundamental theory of metamorphism chemical composition of water to predict the state of irrigated lands of the arid zone. Updated formed ionsalt composition of water resources in the region. It is shown that metamorphism chemical types of groundwater well consistent with the types of soil salinity (at V.A.Kovda et al.).
3. The basic laws metamorphose waters in the region, which grow in the opposite direction (leaning toward hydro carbonate type) in the following order: surface water and groundwater PVHR upper- middle PVHR groundwater and sub - bottom PVHR groundwater. This was the theoretical basis for the projections of a new salinity (alkalinity) of soil at watcring-NII. It was found that the local areas may receive soda salinity in the above manner (3-5 years), t. E., To the geographic shift hydrocarbon groundwater in the southern and south-western directions, which is a form of modem desertification areas.
4. Substantiated the fundamental meaning of the "critical depth interval of occurrence of GW on the main reclamation - hydrological factors - groundwater salinity. Experimental and theoretical method developed principles for the determination of the NKR.
5. It was revealed that a qualitative change in the composition of the salts in the aeration zone by prolonged leaching irrigation regime on the background and the natural drainage leads to increased removal of non-toxic salts. This process is activated by leaching calcium sulfate (gypsum), which prevents the development of processes of alkalinity. In this connection it is necessary to change the ideology of drainage systems through the introduction of sub-irrigation technology in the range of 2 - 3 g /1 total mineralization GW.
This allowed for the first time the arid zones of the region to develop a modernized devices to regulate the drainage flow in order to introduce subirrigation through groundwater management by sticking to the depression of the curve in the range of the critical depth of the GW. We also propose the optimal formula for calculating the cascade devices. These facilities arc also recommended to arrange for sprinklers and river network.
6. An ecological and economical way of water demineralization, Ba-vanny on gas hydrate technology as one of the fundamental solutions to the water problem by preserving and protecting the resources of fresh surface water and groundwater in the arid zone by utilizing miner-ized water (2 - 3, 200 - 300 g /1).
7. Developed a method of soil desalinization chemical amcliorants it solves the dual problem of reclamation - soda salinization and suppresses the formation of nitrogen fertilizer blends (Chilean nitrate NaNO3).
8. In order to improve reclamation- hydrological conditions of local zones of aeration is provided a method of isolation of groundwater within the hydrogeological windows to prevent flooding (or draining) and salinization, which is due to thinning (or infiltration) mineralized GW in irrigated areas.
9. An analysis of experimental and theoretical studies Mclio-way radio has reduced the soil's physical and productive increase evaporation (transpiration), to improve the conditions of hydro-aeration zone, increase drought tolerance, overall biological activity, energy capacity, connectivity and productivity of soils.
10. Sound technologies subirrigation, demineralization and grind-orations contributes to accomplish the total water circulation technology in the scheme of complex use and protection (integrated management) of water.
11. Theoretical and field studies revealed patterns of irrigation erosion in flat gypsum soils. Designed upgraded method of combating comprising conjunction with the sowing of crops convolutions making up the bottom of the cutting grooves on the surface of the natural soil amcliorants (together or separately) - expanded vermiculite and firing (or) perlite and montmorillonite, bentonite and kaolin.
12. Identified patterns and results of this work should be considered identical subarid parts of the world.

The purpose of this article is to consider the theoretical aspects of studying the subject of "trigonometric transformations"in grade 9