All articles
Theoretical and technological basics of synthesis of bioglass-ceramics, containing magnesium orthophosphate, phosphorus apatite and anortite
Subjects of the inquiry: State diagrams of Mg3(PO4)2 - Са5(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; glass and glass-ceramics of Mg3(PO4)2—Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; biocompatibility of glass-ceramics; bioglass-ccramic coatings of mctal-ccramics, bioglass-ccramic bone implants, allcast bioglass-ccramic denture, glaze of prosthetic dentistry articles.
Aim of the inquiry: Aim of research was to accomplish scientific approach to selection of compositions of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic and prosthetic dentistry and technological basis of synthesis of biocompatiblc glass-crystal materials.
Method of inquiry: Hard-phase synthesis, static method of determination of phase equilibriums, crystal-optical analysis, X-ray-phase analysis, electronmicroscope analysis, electron-probe microanalysis, differential-thermal analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: Phase equilibriums in Mg3(PO4)2-Саз(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2—Са5(РС>4)зҒ—CaAbSi2Os systems were researched for the first time. Areas of glass formation and crystallization ability of glasses in researched systems were determined. Interconnection between composition-structurc-propcrty of glasses and glass-ceramics was investigated, which allowed to determine concentration borders of optimal compositions of glass-ceramic materials, theoretically explain and experimentally prove capability to directly control properties and structure of glass-ceramics. Glass-crystal materials on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Ox and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems were researched on compatibility with living organism. Conditions for synthesis of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic surgery and dentistry were developed. Structural-controllcd synthesis of bioglass-ccramic coating for mctal-ceramics was developed. Glazes for prosthetic dentistry articles were developed.
Practical value: Regularities of adjustment of phase transitions in Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAl2Si2O8 systems were determined, which allowed to develop compositions for obtaining bio-glass-ceramic articles for prosthetic surgery and dentistry. Technology for obtaining bioglass-ccramic articles for orthopedic surgery of dense and porous structure was developed. Compositions and technology of obtaining bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articled with quality compatible with foreign analogues - were developed for the first time in Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: Results of clinical test of patients, under observation from 1 to 10 years allow to recommend bioglass-ccramics on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Cas(PO4)3F-CaA12Si2Oi{ systems for usage in jaw-face surgery departments of medical facilities in Uzbekistan and organization of industrial production of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic surgery. Technical conditions for “Biositall” bio-compatiblc glass-crystal material were developed. Clinical tests of bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articles were started in the premises of prosthetic dentistry department of 1st Tashkent State Medical Institute. It is necessary to continue clinical tests of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic dentistry in order to determine long-term results, which allow recommend organization of industrial production. Obtained results may serve as commercial product for usage in treatment and service centers of prosthetic surgery and dentistry.
Sphere of usage: Medicine.
The technology of obtaining seed treatmens based on the waste of production of acetic acid
The aim of the research work is development of complcxacting cotton protectant seed and crop technology based on asetic acid, waste of asetic acid production - highly volatile fraction, copper monohydratc asetate and monocthanolamine.
The scientific novelty of the dissertational research consisits in the following:
it was obtained copper monohydratc acetate possessing fungicide activity based on cuprous oxide, copper carbonic acid, asetic acid and waste of asetic production - HVF;
there were created the diagrams of “property-composition” solubility based on complex aqua system with presence mono-, di- and triethanolamine, monocthanol ammonium salts of formic and asetic acids;
it was proved that formation of six novel compounds: NH2C2H2OH • (CH3COO)2Cu- H2O; NH(C2H4OH)2 • (CH3COO)2Cu H2O;
N(C2H4OH)3 (CH3COO)2Cu H2O; HCOOH NH2C2H4OH• (CH3COO)2Cu H2O; CH3COOH NH2C2H4OH (CH3COO)2Cu H2O; 2CH3COOH NH2C2H4OH (СН3СОО)3Си H2O, which were confirmed by modem physicochemical techniques;
there were developed the technology of three novel kind of protectant seed possessing stimulating activity, fungicide of gummosis and cotton root decay when using asetic acid, copper monohydratc acetate, highly volatile fraction and monocthanolamine.
The system of fuzzy-deterministic modeling of the formation and maintenance of the groundwater intake
The topicality and significance of the subject of dissertation. In the countries of the world there arc different levels of water availability. On average, every person on Earth is necessary to 24,646 m3 (24.65 million liters) of water per year.1 At the present time, with the increase of the world's population, grows the demand for drinking water. According to the statistics of the world population of the annual needs of drinking water consumption is 64 million m3. There is a trend of regular reduction of drinking water supplies. According to the results of research to the 2025-2030 year, 47% of the planet population countries there is a shortage of water.2 Providing the population of the world states with drinking water and the improvement of methods of the analysis of a condition of the hydrosphere of underground waters, increase of efficiency of carrying out hydrogeological experiences for operation of environmentally clean waters, to definition of information uncertainties connected with domination of information belonging to hydrogeological objects is paid separate attention.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan large-scale events for the effective organization of measures for formation and operation of water intaking underground waters arc held. In this area, including the development and improvement of the development of mechanisms for the rational use of water resources taking into account the characteristics of each region, an analysis of the needs and requirements of the population of drinking and household water, the creation of technology and desalination methods anomalies highly mineralized groundwater, the composition and volume of reserves one- and double-layer groundwater.
The world's attention is paid to the development of methods and algorithms of fuzzy-deterministic simulation of the formation and operation of underground water-bearing structures on the basis of seasonally-rcgional features and nextgeneration computerized system. In this area, the implementation of targeted research arc priority tasks, including scientific research in the following areas: creation of a complex of the software means and mathematical apparatuses intended for a solution of a problem of a freshening of anomalies of highly mineralized underground waters in strongly salted conditions one - and a two-layer structure of water-bearing layers; development of the indistinct determined mathematical models of dynamic supervision of water resources in the course of formation, operation and restoration of GWI in one - and two-layer water-bearing layers; algorithm elaboration and methods of the indistinct determined modeling of seasonal and territorial processes of formation, operation and restoration of GWI; determination of regularities of research of hydrogeological, technological and ecological bases of functional and structural formation one - or two-layer GWI; development of structure of the computerized monitoring system of GWI based on information integration of decision-making processes and the indistinct determined modeling of GWI on the basis of wireless sensor networks;
This dissertation research to a certain extent is the implementation of the tasks provided for in the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On water and water use" (ZRU-837-XII of May 6, 1993), in the Republic of Uzbekistan President Decree № PP-1989 "On measures for further development of the National information and communication system of the Republic of Uzbekistan "dated 27 June 2013, and in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-2264" on investment program of Uzbekistan for 2015 "dated 17 November 2014, as well as in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers on 19 March 2013 №82 "The order of water use and consumption in the Republic of Uzbekistan".
The aim of the research is to create methods, algorithms and computerized system of fuzzy-deterministic modeling processes based on the seasonally-tcrritorial peculiarities of formation and functioning of intakes of groundwater and for making decisions on the rational use of groundwater resources.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
complex algorithms and software of fuzzy-deterministic modeling of the formation of territorial and seasonal, seasonal maintenance and restoration of GWI were developed;
were designed information- identification and information technology models to establish information linkages between the GWI and its fuzzy deterministic models;
were offered the structure of a computerized system of information integration processes fuzzy-deterministic modeling and decision-making based on wireless sensor networks;
were developed fuzzy-deterministic models, algorithms and software to solve problems freshening anomalies highly mineralized groundwater for conditions of single and double layer structure of the aquifer;
the principles of parallelization algorithms and software for the not well-deterministic modeling gcofiltrational processes;
CONCLUSION
In the course of the research produced the following results: On the basis of the survey on his doctoral dissertation on the topic "The system of fuzzy-deterministic modeling of the formation and maintenance of the groundwater intake" presented the following conclusions:
1. Algorithms and program complex fuzzy-deterministic modeling of hydrogeological objects of groundwater intakes of natural and man-made character allows to forecast the dynamics of change and estimate groundwater resources with sufficient reliability.
2. Technology of formation of groundwater resources through the creation of GWI conditions for one and multi-layer structure of aquifers makes it possible to operational study of formation of elements of groundwater resources and them operational management.
3. Are proposed fuzzy deterministic models for the formalization of the processes of formation, maintenance and restoration of GWI in conditions of a heterogeneity of filtration area in plan and in section, fuzziness of initial and boundary conditions, uncertainty of operating sources of the surface water and water wells.
4. Arc proposed fuzzy-detcrministic mathematical models of filtration and salt transport in the subsurface hydrosphere to restore groundwater quality GWI, based on the hypothesis Myatiev - Girinsky, according to which the flow of salts in the section is taken as a two-dimensional at quasi- two-dimensional considering the flow of groundwater in interacting layers. Terms of the applicability of such a mathematical model for the restoration of groundwater quality GWI in conditions of two-layer structure of the aquifer.
5. The proposed algorithms and complex programs implementing technological schemes GWI allow reclosure adequately to take into account in the fuzzy-detcrministic mathematical models designs, styles, parameters and infiltration of water intake structures.
6. Arc considered the problems associated with the decomposition of the modeled process into a number of tasks running simultaneously on the basis of segmentation into physical processes, tasks, data strategy, visualization and computational processes. For example, studies of the process of GWI projects, arc examined aspects of parallelism of computing in the process of FDM GWI. The results of the parallel solution of the problem on the justification of groundwater sampling mode under various boundary conditions arc obtained for the four options. At the same time, for a consistent solution of this problem it took 83 msec, and solutions in parallelization mode received 2 msec.
7. The principles, algorithms and program codes for information modeling GWI, taking into account technological components - canals, rivers, infiltration basins and wells GWI, allowing to establish the relationship between the GWI and its FDM, as well as allowing to organize the computational experiments in order to ensure the possibility of varying the different parameters of environment and the boundary conditions environment during the numerical modeling.
8. It is proposed an information base for information integration processes of fuzzy deterministic modeling GWI and decision-making, allowing to organize the continuous measurements of the parameters of GWI (levels, salinity and temperature of groundwater), eliminate the human factor from the process of measurements, to provide rclevantness data by of transmission wireless sensor networks.
9. Arc conducted computational experiments on the use of gcoinformation technologies to determine geofiltrational parameters in terms of heterogeneity filtration on the basis of data on the distribution of groundwater levels and degree their mineralization, as well as the boundary conditions on the basis of their registration as a separate thematic layers of GIS GWI model.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF EXPERIMENTS IN TEACHING PHYSICS IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS
The article talks about the role of experiments and forms of their organization in the organization of physics lessons in secondary schools.
The regularities of the formation of Industrial iodine waters of Uzbekistan and the prospects for their use
Subject of research: water-bearing complexes of mesozoic-cenozoic sediments of artesian basins in Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: studying the regularities of the formation of industrial iodine waters of Uzbekistan, the scientific substantiation of hydromineral raw materials, development of technological schemes for extraction of iodine from underground industrial waters.
Method of research: the complex analysis of geological and hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical researches, the history of regional development in mesozoic and cenozoic, studying the regularities of formation of industrial iodine waters, an estimation of probable reserves, development of technology for extraction of iodine.
The results obtained and their novelty: the regularities of formation and distribution of industrial iodine waters of Uzbekistan, identified high concentrations of iodine in the groundwater between the structural zones of deep synclinal basins (Umid) and marginal parts of the intermountain valleys of Fergana Artesian Basin (Chust-Pap). The technological scheme of extraction of iodine is developed. Established a pilot plant for extraction of iodine. The patents on the method of extracting iodine, the installation for the extraction of iodine and an industrial design setting are received. Perspective deposits for the organization of industrial production of iodine are revealed, calculated and approved by the FS condition and stock SRC Republic of Uzbekistan.
Practical value: the perspective deposits of industrial iodine waters are proved, proved the association of elevated concentrations of iodine to the areas of gas and gas condensate deposits and deep faults. The regularities of the formation of industrial iodine waters are revealed. The technological scheme of production of iodine from underground and associated waters, increases economic efficiency and environmental safety in mining.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the researches used in the mapping of mineral, thermal and industrial waters in Central Asia and the maps of industrial waters in Uzbekistan. Developed a technological systems are successfully implemented and have passed a pilot tests. The results obtained are introduced into the educational process in conducting studies on the geological faculty of National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: oil&gas and iodine-extracting industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Education System.
The processes of defect formation in silicon doped Ho, La, Eu and their interaction with technological impurities O and C
Subject of research: Si, doped with Ho, La, Eu by diffusion method and during crystal grows, Si <Ho>, doped with Ti and Ni.
Purpose of work: studying of properties
Methods of research: deep levels transient spectroscopy, photocapacity and infrared spectroscopy.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time it is carried out complex research of properties Si with impurity holmium, europium and lanthanum is carried out and it is revealed that introduction of these doping by high temperature diffusions leads to the existing changes of clcctrophysic properties of silicon. Efficiency of formation of levels Ho, La and Eu in silicon depends on technology factors have been investigated. For the first time energetic specter DL was determined with the help of spectroscopy capacity, created by atoms Ho, La and Eu in silicon at their diffusion introduction. It is revealed that diffusion introduction in these impurity leads to decrease of efficiency formation of thermal and radiating defects and stabilization of parameters silicon.
It is established that doped impurity REE during crystal grows, DL in noticeable evaporation is not observed, but the subsequent high temperature in an interval temperatures 1000-1200°C leads to activation of atoms REE and formation ofDL.
Practical value: the lead optimization of parameters Si, doped with REE can be serve as recommendations at creation of new semi-conductor devices with stable and reproduced parameters.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the received results on increase of thermal stability and radiating stability of parameters of silicon introduction of Ho, La and Eu atoms can be used as recommendations at manufacturing various semi-conductor devices;
Field of application: semiconductor material researching, production of semiconductor devices, microelectronics and optoelectronics.
The problem of forming and developing cities in desert condition (in example of Bukhara region)
Subjects of the inquiry: the urban places ot the Bukhara region.
Aim of the inquiry: to analyze the developing position of the cities in desert condition of Bukhara region and elaborate their scientific and practical recommendations in the future.
Methods of inquiry: statistic, cartographic, historic, comparative-geographical, system-structure, also methods of the research and prognosis.
The results achieved and their novelty: the peculiarities of the natural desert condition has been influenced on regional organization and development of the cities, urban places and their systems has been analyzed, the effect of natural-geographic patterns on development of cities has been discussed, urban places and their systems have been analyzed, with the help of the Government’s program, which called “The year of village development and improvement”, the growth of the new towns and village-districts of Bukhara region has been talked over, environment of the capital investment and system of the infrastructure has been conferred, demographic and gco-ccologic condition has been learned, their developing problems and directions were grounded prospectively.
Practical value: the main results and conclusion of the research may be used to elaborate the regional program of complex social-economic development, in solution of the urban problems in desert condition, in controlling the state of urbanization and the method of approach and statistic materials will be used in process of the higher educational establishments.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: the main conclusion and recommendations have been accepted to inculcate by Bukhara region and Gazli city, the educational department of BukhSU.
Sphere of usage: the Government of Bukhara region and cities, the higher educational establishments.
THE POETIC LANGUAGE AND STYLISTIC DIVERSITY IN KHAYRIDDIN SULTON’S SHORT STORIES
This article analyzes the poetic language, stylistic variety, and expressive richness found in the short stories of one of the prominent representatives of modern Uzbek literature—Khayriddin Sulton. The study focuses on his individual narrative style, use of artistic devices such as metaphors, epithets, and symbols, as well as the philosophical and lyrical-epic unity of his works. The article also highlights the author’s contribution to the genre of short stories, his approach to dialogue and character speech, and the national and spiritual depth present in his literary language. The analysis is based on Sulton's complete body of short stories, supplemented by scholarly critiques and literary studies.
The Peculiarities of the mathematic teaching in the academic lyceums of the technical directicn
The aim of investigation in the perfection of the methodical system of the development of the technical style of thinking at the pupils of academic lyccums of the technical directions by means of profile differentiation of the mathematic training.
The object of investigation is the process of differential mathematic training in academic lyccums of technical direction.
The methods of investigation. This is critical analysis of the native and foreign pedagogical experiments, working out teaching and methodic materials for teachers- experimenters and the model- practical controf of their efficiency, and also mathematic- static treatment of receiving results.
The receiving results and their novelty arc contained to the carrying out of the criteria of selection of the content of the mathematic education, of the variant of content and methods of mathematic training in the academic lyceums taking into consideration methodic peculiarities, connected with technical directions of the education.
The practical significance is contained in the possibility of using the formulated criteria of selection of the content of mathematic education for the preparation of the training programmers and training- methodical appliances by mathematic.
The degree of introduction and economic significance. Not only in the technical but also in the natural- scientific directions can be guidebook in the working out of training - methodic complex by educational profiles.
The field of application: academic lyccums of the technical direction of Ministry of Higher and Secondary-Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The methods of revealing and development of mathematical gifted pupils in teaching mathematics (in the example of secondary schools and academic lyceums)
Subject of the inquiry: learning activity of leavers of the 9Ih forms of the secondary schools and students of academic lyceums in the classes of mathematics.
Aim of the inquiry: revealing gifted pupils in the lessons of mathematics and creation scientifically-pedagogical bases of teaching process.
Methods of the inquiry: to study and using the methods of the inquiry directed on revealing gifted pupils in the research functioning and literature on the theme; analyses of the textbooks, school programs of the state educational standard in mathematics of secondary and specialized schools; analyses and observation of lessons of mathematics; questioning and conversation with teachers, pupils and students; leading pedagogical experiments and mathematical-statistical analyses of the results, and their generalization.
The results achieved and their novelty: there have been classified the essence of the notion of being mathematical gifted at pupils in continuous education; there have been also worked out the tests oriented on revealing mathematical gifted pupils, and worked out the method of development of mathematical gifted pupils, and have been led the experiment as well.
Practical value: the results of the inquiry represent to diagnose leavers of secondary schools and direct them on the following stage of continuous education in academic lyceums, teaching gifted pupils in academic lyceums.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: results of the inquiry were published as a manuals of the author, articles in the journals «Pedagogik ta’lim (pedagogical education)» and «Kasb-hunar ta’limi (professional education)», as well as in the form thesis report in the Republic scientific-practical conferences.
Sphere of usage: gained results can be used in diagnosing leavers of secondary schools and direct them onto the academic lyceums, also in training teachers of mathematics of pedagogical institutes and as well as in the Republican centre of the diagnostics.
The methodical principles of physics education (the “Electromagnetism” part) in the personally-oriented pedagogics
Purpose of work: determination of the scientific-methodical possibilities of increasing of efficiency of the “Electromagnetism” part of physics in higher educational establishments, working out of a mcthodics of the improved teaching of the theoretical course, creation of methodical textbooks on the personally oriented technologies for independent work connected with lab works and adoption their to educational process.
Methods of research: Studies and critical analysis of pedagogical, didactical, methodical literature, critical studies of teaching programs, teaching aids and textbooks on physics for higher educational establishments, looking after the educational process, giving a talk with students and teachers, questionnaizing and testing of students, studies, analyzing and generalization of modem pedagogical technologies on these themes, statistical analysis of the results of these pedagogical experiments.
The recults obtained and their novelty: The methodical conditions for organization, carrying out, managing, improving of the personally-oriented teaching of physics arc determined. The types of educational processes, their structures, contents and conditions of their using arc worked out.
Practical value: The teaching aid “The self-educational tasks on general physics (Electromagnetism)” is created, published and introduced into educational process. This text allows to repeat “Electromagnetism” for short time. The posters and educational experiments arc elaborated too. More than 10 lab works and lab devices on “Electromagnetism” where created and modified.
A methodical complex “Case” for problem solving on physics was created and adopted to educational process. The form, content and mcthodics of independent doing experiments arc worked out.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results of the scientific investigations arc published as teaching aids and scientific articles. They arc incorporated into the educational process in our Republic.
Field of application: in educational and teaching process in the higher educational establishments.
The kaolin of khujakul mine and the results of its enrichment by physical-mechanical method
The ability to obtain valuable raw materials such as kaolin, metakaolin, quartz sand and obtain a number of materials necessary for the national economy by introducing the technology ofenrichment of mineral raw materials available in our republic, which meets the requirements of the time, was successfully tested in laboratory and semi-production conditions.
The influence of impurities in Zr, Ti and Hf on electrophysical properties of silicon structures
Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Today in the world of fast-paced semiconductor micro - and optoelectronics one of the promising directions is the study of the properties of impurities that create a variety of defective centers in semiconductors. In this respect, research aimed at studying the influence of refractory impurities on the electrophysical properties of silicon structures and the development of measures to improve the thermal stability and radiation resistance parameters of silicon MIS-structures are one of the main tasks.
Studying the interaction between impurity particles and structural defects in the semiconductor, the influence of heterogeneity of structure of a MIS-structure on the redistribution of impurities opens up the possibility of increasing the stability of the operating parameters of the circuits based on MIS-structures are the basic elements of modem electronics. In this respect, the task of scientific research, including in the following areas: the study of electrophysical properties of semiconductors alloyed with refractory elements and identification of deep levels generated by these impurities; the study of the influence of atoms of refractory elements in the processes of thermal and radiation defect formation in silicon; studies of the interaction atmostpheric elements with uncontrolled technological impurities; study of influence of atoms of refractory elements on the parameters of the various silicon structures. Research carried out in this direction indicate the relevance of the topic of this thesis.
The aim of research work is to comprehensive study with the help of capacitance spectroscopy electrophysical properties of Si doped with impurities in some refractory elements, in particular, atoms Zr, Ti and Hf, their interactions with other electrically active and neutral impurities in silicon, influence of impurities on properties of silicon structures.
Scientific novelty of research consist in the following: it is shown that the efficiency of the education levels of Zr, Ti, Hf in Si depends on technological regimes (temperature and duration of diffusion, and the speed postdiffusion cooling the samples);
discovered that silicon, doped with impurities of refractory elements in the grown, deep levels are not observed, but subsequent high-temperature treatment in the temperature range 1000-И 250°C leads to the activation of atoms of Zr, Ti, Hf, and the formation of deep levels.
it is established that the introduction of diffusion of impurities refractory elementov leads to a decrease in the efficiency of formation of thermal and radiation defects and stabilization of parameters of silicon;
for the first time found that the presence of rare earth impurities (lanthanum or holmium) in the lattice of Si increases the effectiveness of education deep levels, connected with additionally introduced by the hafnium, titanium or zirconium;
it is established that the presence of impurities Zr, Ti and Hf in the amount of the substrate silicon MIS structures, leads to a shift of the HF C-V curves toward negative displacements in comparison with control samples, which indicates an increase in the density of surface States of MIS structures and the formation of positive charge at the interface Si-SiCK
The impact of water shortage on ameliorative condition of geo-systems and their improvement methods” (in the conditions of Syrdarya region)
Subjects of the research: irrigated and degraded parts of the geo-system of Syrdarya region.
Aim of the research: determination the changes in the main features of irrigated geo-system of the Hunger Steppe under the condition of decrease in the Syrdarya River runoff and the development of ecological methods for improving their fertility.
Methods of research: systematic-structural analysis, field research, field experiments, laboratory analysis, cartographic, agro-cosmic, working with educational aids and fund materials, exchange rates of water-salt and energy, geographic and geochemistry analysis, comparison.
The results achieved and their novelty: On the basis of artificial water shortage in Syrdarya basin, water and salt exchange processes in irrigated lands of Syrdarya region were studied; on the basis of natural and anthropogenic features the decreasing quantity of productivity of irrigated lands and harvest was estimated; Salinity of irrigated geo-systems of Syrdarya region, agrochemical and changes in water-physic features were defined; the features of water -salt turnover in the agrolandscapes and soil-ameliorative processes were studied depending on natural factors and anthropogenic impact of the operation modes of the large reservoirs; productivity of using fito-ameliorants in the improvement of ameliorative condition was determined in field experiments.
Practical value: dissertation results and scientific-methodical
recommendations can be implemented in the department of Agriculture and Water Management, land cadastre and nature protection departments, in the processes of basin irrigation systems and working out processes of improvement of ameliorative conditions of lands as well as in education processes.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the degree of the work was brought into extension in education process at Gulistan State University. The recommendations on the development of soil-ameliorative processes were given to the farmers of “Galaba” in Bayaut district.
Fieid of application: departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management, scientific-research institutes, educational institutions, departments of amelioration service and farms.
THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC DEBT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY
The group of isometries of foliated manifolds
Actuality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Due to the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in the world, required the development of new methods for fundamental research and implementation of the results into practice. According to the demand of practice on the intersection of differential equations and differential topology French scientists established fundamental foundations of the theory of foliated manifolds. It is proved the stability of compact foliations and that limit sets of leaves arc invariant sets. Scientists of USA and Russia investigated qualitative theory of foliations, in which geometric and topological properties of foliated manifolds arc investigated. Moreover, an application of theory of foliations to practice is one of the important problems of geometry.
After the declaring independence of our country attention to the actual directions in the field of natural and exact sciences has been significantly increased, in particular, especial attention is given to applications of methods and results of this theory to the theory of optimal control and dynamical systems. In this field arc obtained sufficient condition of stability for controllable systems, proved non-negativity of sectional curvatures of leaves of foliations generated by Ricmannian submersions in the spaces of non-negative curvature, besides arc obtained valuable results on investigating geometry of vector fields.
Nowadays, researches in the world in the area of geometry of orbits of vector fields on manifold related to the theory of dynamical polysystems and optimal control and very important for them. In this field, the essential task is a wide application of targeted researches, in particular, applications of results obtained on foliations, generated by Ricmannian submersions, to determine the structure of phase spaces of dynamical polisystem: application of methods of the theory of foliations to the theory of dynamical systems, optimal control and to various problems in other fields; investigation of geometry of foliations generated by Ricmannian submersions; investigation of geometry of Ricmannian foliations on surfaces of non-negative sectional curvature. Scientific researches on above-mentioned directions justify the relevance of the theme of current dissertation.
Research in this thesis to some extent arc the challenges identified in the Republic of Uzbekistan Presidential Decree number PP-436 of 7 August 2006 «On measures to improve the coordination and management of the development of science and technology», as well as PP-2204 from July 8, 2014 «On measures to further optimize the structure of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and to strengthen the integration of academic science and higher education of the Republic» and other normative-legal acts of fundamental sciences.
The aims of the research arc the investigations of the geometry and topology of the foliated manifolds, the structure of the group of isometries of foliated manifolds and the geometry of foliated manifolds of constant sectional curvature, and also application of the taken results for the investigations of the attainability set and establishing of the continuous dependence on the initial point of the attainability set.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
It is proved that any group of homeomorphisms of a smooth manifold is a topological group in the compact-open topology;
It is proved that isometry group foliated manifold is a topological group in the compact-open topology;
it is showed that if a sequence of isometries foliated manifolds converge on at the point on each leaf, then this sequence can be extracted to a convergent subsequence of isometrics of foliated manifold in the compact-open topology;
it is proved that if the foliation generated by Ricmannian submersion, then leaves of foliation arc manifolds of constant Gaussian curvature;
it is showed that the limit of the geodesic lines of foliated manifold is a geodesic line on the limit leaf of foliation;
It is proved the existence of the foliation, for which there is a isometry of foliated manifold which is non-isomety of the manifold;
It is proved the compactness of the attainability set, and the continuity of the multi valued mapping «the point - the attainability set» for a system of vector fields of a special form;
it is showed compactness of the closure of the attainable set for the time does not exceed a fixed time, and the continuous dependence of the attainable set from time for a certain class of vector fields;
it is found conditions in order to attainable set (the set of controllability) coincided with the fixed dimension planes for linear systems.
CONCLUSION
The dissertation examines the group of isometries foliated Ricmannian manifolds. To solve the problems studied topological and geometrical properties of foliated manifolds, it is studied geometry Ricmannian submersions. It is introduced a new notion of foliated compact-open topology, which depends on the foliation. We studied a group of isometrics foliated manifolds in the compact-open topology and in the foliated compact-open topology.
The main results of investigation arc as follows.
1) it is established that the group of homeomorphisms of any manifold is a topological group in the compact-open topology;
2) it is proved that the isometry group of a foliated manifold is a topological group in the compact-open topology;
3) it is established that if the sequence of isometries of foliated manifold converge on a one point on each leaf then this sequence can be extracted to a convergent subsequence isometries of foliated manifold in the compact-open topology;
4) it is proved that the Ricmannian submersion produces foliated manifold of constant Gaussian curvature;
5) it is established that limit of geodesic lines of foliated manifold is a geodesic line on the limit leaf of foliation;
6) it is showed that the four-dimensional manifold can not be immersed into five-dimensional Euclidean space;
7) it is proved the existence of the foliation, for which there is a Isometry of foliated manifold which is non-isomety of the manifold;
8) it is proved that the set of reachable system of vector fields of a certain class is compact, and it is a continuous function of time;
9) it is found a sufficient condition for linear control systems under which each set of attainability (controllability set) is a plane of fixed dimension.
Author brings his deep appreciation to the scientific adviser Professor Narmanov Abdigappar Yakubovich for posing problems, valuable tips and helpful advices in the discussion and and support.
The features of influence of interface and spatial charge of extended region on electrophysical characteristics of detector structures
Subject of research: manufacturing of the large size Si(Li) p-i-n and aSi-Si(Li) detector structures.
Purpose of work: investigation the features of formation of the large size high efficiency detector structures with optimal clcctrophysical and radio-metric properties as well as study of new physical mechanisms of influencing for formation their amplitude of energetic spectra.
Methods of research: method of investigation of current-voltage and volt-capacity characteristic of detector structures; method of investigation of features of photovoltagc in nonuniform area of the sensitive regions of Si(Li) p-i-n structure, as well as investigation of the structure research of aSi-Si(Li) interface.
The results obtained and their novelty: physic-technological methods of formation structures with of optimum properties of clectrophysical characteristics and radiometric properties of semiconductor detectors on the base of Si(Li) p-i-n structures and aSi-Si(Li) hcterostucturcs with large area arc developed; on the base of investigation of relaxation photoconductivity processes in Si(Li) p-i-n structure have been carried out that on the some regions of these area was pronounced a “well” on time dependence of photovoltage’s impulse after corresponding photoexcitation is observed; on the basis of analytical calculations of the trajectory of carriers transport in i - area of Si(Li) p-i-n structure where take into account the influence on this process of inhomogeneous potential field it has shown that under such conditions electrons and holes generated as a result of ionization of atoms by nuclear radiation moved forward longer trajectory in electric field direction in sensitive part of semiconductor detector.
Practical value: researched detectors structures Si(Li) p-i-n and aSi-Si(Li) have possess for understanding of physical processes in various large size semiconductor devices as well as practical value for improving of their characteristics.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: results of investigations had application for optimization of properties of Si(Li) semiconductor detectors at fulfilling contract work with OJSC «UzCRHRM», OJSC «Uzbckchimmash» with total financing around 20 million sum.
Field of application: investigated detector structures have prospects for developing of fundamental and applied problems of nuclear physics.
The Evolution of depositional environments and composition of marine Paleogene formations of Kyzyl Kum
Subjects of research: paleogene sedimentary formations of Kyzyl Kum.
Purpose of work: comprehensive study of the conditions of deposition and composition of sedimentary formations of Paleogene of Kyzyl Kum with definition of key stages in the evolution of a sedimentary basin, establishing patterns of facies changes in units of time and space and the identification of a genetic connection with the formation of mineral deposits.
Methods of research: stage dynamic principle of facial analysis of sedimentary formations and the complex layering and biorhythmostratigraphical differentiation and correlation of the sections, facial analysis of differentiation of sediment on a range of hydrochemical conditions defining the hydrochemical composition of the water basin, reductive-oxidative and acid-base indicators.
The results obtained and their novelty: identified five stages of evolution of the Paleogene sedimentary basin. It is established that the change of transgressions and regressions of Paleogene marine basin is related to global causes - of eustatic changes in sea level. Clarified biorhythmostratigraphical definition and correlation of Paleogene sections of the region. Selected dynamic facial units. For the first time identified: sulfate-dolomite chemical, calcareous biochemical and bentonite physical-chemical facies, reflecting the specific environmental conditions of sedimentation.
Practical value: opened deposits of alkaline bentonite and carbonate palygorskite clays of Navbahor, white mealy dolomites of Vaush, manifestations opoka clays Kokcha, pelitomorphic dolomites of Amantaytau.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: on the basis of Navbakhor deposit built a plant of mud powder with capacity of 40 tons per year. Products manufactured by the enterprise are the import- and export-oriented.
Field of application: regional forecast on the basis of stratigraphic, facies, mineral and geochemical criteria, the search and evaluation of deposits of non-metallic materials.
The electrophysical and spectral characteristics of the three-barrier photodiode on a basis of arsenide gallium
Subject of research: the photodiode Au-nAlGaAs-pGaAs-Ag, Au+Zn-p(AlGa)In As-nGaAs-Au, Au-p(A/Ga)InAs-nGaAs-Ag-structurcs, made by a method liquid of epitaxy.
Purpose of work: establishment of a physical nature of processes proceeding in the field of a volumetric charge heterojunction on a basis of arsenide gallium and its connections, and also research of influence of straightening barriers on ampcr's and spectral characteristics of three-barrier structure with various structure hcterowidc.
Methods of research: experimental methods of removal volt-ampcr's, volt -capacitor and spectral characteristics, technique of definition of characteristic parameters on the basis of experimental data.
The results obtained and their novelty:
1. For the first time arc developed multibarrier structures on a basis heterojunction pAlGalnAs-nGaAs and the role of straightening barriers in expansion of a spectral range in area is established.
2. Principles of creation three-barrier photodiode Au-pAlGaInAs-nGaAs:O-Ag-structurcs, quantities,(amounts,) based on a variation, Indium in hcterowidc for various purpose (appointment) for the first time arc offered.
3. Is established, that at excitation Au-pAli)i)SGa()g2^nniAs-nGaAs-Ag-structurc's from the party Ьс1сгослоя the high meanings (importance) of a photocurrent caused fine of area of division of photocarriers and serial compression cuasincytral of a part hcterowidc by a layer of a volumetric charge of locked transitions arc created.
4. Is experimentally shown, that in photodiode to structure the increase of thickness hcterowidc up to the sizes twice large diffusion of length can result in low meanings (importance) of a return current of transition the metal - semiconductor in comparison with a return current heterojunction, that the metal - semiconductor and change of the thermionic mechanism generation is explained by improvement of border.
Practical value: offered in dissertation to job of the recommendation simplify process of the coordination of target parameters of the photoreceiver with entrance parameters of the intensifying cascade photocurrent of devices optoelectronics and systems of telecommunication.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the received results arc a basis for development photocurrent of devices for reception and transfer of an optical signal in research-and-production associations Acadcmican sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other instrument-making organizations.
Field of application: technology and designing of the electronic equipment for micro and optoelectmics, and also telecommunication systems, means of transfer and reception of the information.
