Natural Sciences

Subjects of the inquiry: cellulose, cotton fiber, cotton lint and also the obtained powdered cellulose.
Aim of the inquiry: development of elastically-deformation method and device for pulverizing of cellulose materials; obtain of powdered cellulose and also the investigation of it's structure, properties and application.
Methods of inquiry: methods of optical and electronic microscopy; IR-, NMR- and KP-spectroscopy, X-ray method; sorbsion and calorimetric investigations.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time the new method of reducing of cotton cellulose under action of high pressure and shift deformation and also the new installation was constructed providing continuous obtain of thinly- dispersion powder cellulose (UZ patent 1487236). For the first time the methanism of physical destruction of cotton cellulose at elastically - deformation pulverizing was determined. By methods of IR-, NMR-, KP-scopiya, X-ray method and thermodinamical analysis it was determined that elastically-deformation action and shift have brought to decreasing of content of high-regulating parts of cellulose in limits of structure form C-I. Particularities of the milling of cellulose materials were determined and also it was shown that elastically-deformation milling of the natural cellulose have carried out changing of physical structure without conformation changings.
Practical value: development and constraction of laboratory and experimental-industrial installations for obtain of thinly - dispersion power cellulose from cotton cellulose. For example scientifically -industrial enterprise «Tegirmon» has developed experienced industrial installation for elastically -deformation pulverizing of cellulose materials with productivity 10 kg/h
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: power cellulose obtained by elastically - deformation pulverizing was used as sorbents and ionits, materials of medical purpose, substrats for glucose obtain by ferment hydrolysis, initial source for obtain of sodium salt of carboxymethilcellulose and heliums.
Sphere of usage: medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, paper and chemical industries.

Subjects of research: 9 new styryl dyes and 2 known cyanine dyes.
Purpose of work: Study on the effects of concentration, solvent’s nature and the light irradiation on the spectral-luminescent and photochemical properties of the new synthesized homodimcr styryl dyes; the determination of the spatial structure of dye molecules by quantum-chemical calculations; elaboration of recommendations for practical applications of obtained results.
Methods of research: Spectral-luminescent methods: electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra; quantum-chcmical semi-empirical method AM 1.
The obtained results and their novelty: Spectral-luminescent characteristics of the new styryl dyes in different kind solvents and their changes depending on the solution concentration and light irradiation were studied. A new kind of luminescent associates of Cyan-40 and TO dyes in water and weakly polar solvent was discovered. Using quantum-chcmical methods for studied dye molecules the followings were determined: maxima of electronic absorption, spatial structure, heat of formation, electronic energy, charge distribution and dipole moment in ground and excited states.
Practical value: Recommendations on practical application of obtained results in various fields of science and technology were elaborated. In particular, discovered luminescent associates of Cyan-40 and TO dyes might be usable as working media in tunable dye lasers. Determined spectral-luminescent and photochemical properties and results of quantum-chcmical calculations serve as the main characteristic data of the new styryl dyes. These arc valuable information for targeted synthesis of a new organic luminophores with defined spectral-luminescent properties.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: scientific articles, abstracts of papers at conferences and symposiums, lectures and practical lessons for bachelors and masters.
Field of application: Quantum Electronics, synthesis and application of new organic luminophores.

The aim of the research work is to reveal the formation conditions of nanocomposites based on linear low density polyethylene and determine a dependence of their structure on thermal, mechanical and fire-resistance characteristics.
Scientific novelty of the research work is a follows:
optimal mixing conditions of maleated polyethylene (with high molecular weight) and various types of modified montmorillonite in melt of linear low density polyethylene under which layered silicate exfoliation occurs were revealed;
polymer nanocomposites with a high degree of layered silicate exfoliation, differing from unfilled polyethylene in a complex of higher thermal, mechanical and fire-resistant characteristics were obtained;
a correlation dependence of structure type formed during composite preparation (depending on montmorillonite type, type and concentration of maleated polyethylene) on thermal, mechanical and fire-resistant characteristics was determined;
for the first time, the compositions of polymer nanocomposites additionally containing thermally expanding graphite, differing in low content of flame retardant and high combustion resistance have been developed.

Subjects of research: Silicon single crystal with large diameter and thickness (D > 30 mm, d > 3mm), Si(Li) p-n and p-i-n structures with large sensitive volume.
Purpose of work: Investigation of new physical and technological bases for development of Si(Li) detectors of nuclear radiation on silicon single crystals with a diameter up to 100 - 110 mm and thickness W > 5 mm.
Methods of research: One- and four- probe measurements, electro-physical (current-volt, capacity-volt and noise-volt characteristics) and radiometric measurements, phase-frequency measurements.
The results obtained and their novelty: New specific features of the lithium diffusion process in p-Si with large diameter, related to formation of Li-0 complexes, have been revealed. New physical techniques in lithium drift technology on silicon single crystal of large volume are found. Previously unexplored physical and technological aspects in development of universal spectrometer of telescope type and low background installation based on Si(Li) p-i-n structure with large sensitive area, are presented. Methods based on external sources (ultrasound, pulsed electric field) are developed, which extend the basic knowledge in semiconductor physics.
Practical value: the unique detectors of nuclear radiation created on silicon wafers with diameter up to 110 mm do not have analogues in the world. They open new perspectives in the design of original experiments in nuclear physics, as well as new applications in various fields of science and technology, such as geology, metallurgy, medicine, environment protection, etc.
Degree of embed and economic effect: semiconductor detectors that have been developed are employed in nuclear physics experiments conducted at Nuclear Research Institute of Moscow State University, agreement No.01/04, 01/05 Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Scientific Production Association of Russia "Taifun", Almalik Metallurgical Enterprize, Uzgidromet, agreement No. 01/07 09 UzKTGM.
Field of application: new scientific knowledge and advanced technology for the creation of silicon-lithium detectors of nuclear radiation with large sensitive volume, that have been obtained, can be effectively used for solving various fundamental and applied problems in nuclear physics, medicine, geology, archeology, environmental research, etc.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Today, the materials obtained on the basis of agricultural and industrial wastes are widely used in manufacturing processes of the chemical industry, for cleaning and remediation of waste and surface water.
In our Republic put into operation new industrial enterprises using modern technologies, carried out modernization of the production of a number of new products for various industries. These enterprises are widely used adsorption materials for water treatment and purification of waste water from toxicants.
Heavy metals (HM), radionuclides, phenolic substances are priority pollutants to the aquatic environment and their monitoring is an important eco-analytical task. Currently, there are a large number of physical, chemical and physico-chemical analysis techniques to determine ultrasmall amounts of HM in aqueous media, however, they do not always provide the required sensitivity of the assay at the level of the LPC and below.
The importance of the global problem of environmental pollution with heavy metals, radionuclides, phenolic substances requires dedicated research on their monitoring, with a focus on the following issues: get cheap sorbents based on natural and synthetic materials for the realization of sorption technologies; creation of materials based on bio-sorptional microorganisms of different taxonomic groups are able to accumulate heavy metals, radionuclides and other ecotoxicants; creation of novel sorbents which can replace the expensive synthetic and natural sorption materials; obtaining new sorption materials based on agricultural, food waste and pharmaceutical waste using living organisms; to evaluate the potential of bio-sorptional brewing yeast Saccharomyces towards heavy metal ions; set sorption analytical properties biosorbents based on yeast cell walls; obtaining new biosorbents from waste brewing plants for extraction and concentration of heavy metals, toxins, radionuclides and for analytical purposes.
This dissertation work is oriented on the realization of resolutions of President of Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1071 From March 11, 2009 and the decision №142 of the Cabinet of Ministers from May 27, 2013 «About Program by Protection of Environment of the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2013-2017 years» and also provided by other normative documents.
Aim of work. To prove of ability of using biomass of walls cells of yeast Saccharomyces cereviriae and biosorbents on its basis for concentrating low levels of HM ions, radionuclides and other toxicants natural environment and to develop a method stripping-voltammetry determination of the group of HM at the level of the LPC and below using their pre-concentrating from the aqueous solutions of these sorbents
Scientifically novelty of investigation is consist in following :
the first time demonstrated the possibility of using the WCY Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a sorbent for concentrating the HM group, radionuclides and toxins for analytical purposes;
developed a method of inversion-voltammetric determination HM ions in aqueous media at concentrations at or below the LPC using a pre-concentrating biosorption;
the first time experimental lined with the contribution of the functional analytical groups of biopolymers of the cell walls of yeast in a specific and nonspecific binding of HM ions;
is proposed salvation - house mechanism of ion exchange in a heterogeneous system «biosorbent-solution» that allows you to select reagents for quantitative desorption and regeneration biosorbents;
the first time was show that the relative electronegativity of the metal ioncomplexing agent can be a criterion of priority sorption capacity of the sorbent.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of research on this doctoral dissertation on the topic «Sorption concentration and determination of toxicants using biosorbents based on cell walls of brewers yeast» the following conclusions are presented:
1. For the first time the possibility of application of the cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biosorbents for the concentrating of heavy metals, radionuclides, organic compounds for subsequent determination is shown. We have developed a process for preparing new bio-sorptional material, and their study with using physical and physic-chemical methods. It established its basic functional-analytical group (FAG) and their contribution to the concentration of HM ions.
2. With the use of cinetic and thermodynamic studies it was found that the sorption concentrating of HM ions is carried out in mixed arrangements of specific binding, ion exchange and physical sorption with a predominance of the latter.
3. Sorption analytical capabilitiy of yeast cell walls (WCY) S. cerevisiae with respect to individual ions Cd (II), Pb (II), Си (II), U (VI) and phenol. Has been shown an explanation for the influence of pH on metal ions biosorption metalposition proton exchange location and shape of metal ion in solution.
4. Displaying the mutual influence of ions on the completeness and selectivity in concentrating multi-ion systems, reflected in the decrease in the total sorption capacity biosorbent, it is found that the best adsorption capacity ions in inherited to Pb (II) in the case of mono-, di- and tri-ionic systems. The explanation of this phenomenon from the point of the Lewis-Pearson theory of the nature of the specific binding of «hard» and «soft» complexing ions with appropriate ligands -FAG. Was given it is noted that the relative electronegativity ions may be an indicator of their relative sorption capacity.
5. In order to improve sorption analytical and expluatation characteristics of biosorbents it was studied the possibility of chemical modification. It is shown that the native biomass treatment by polyvinylpyrrolidone solution greatly enhances sorption capacity of the sorbents. To improve performance solid biosorbents were immobilizatied in Ca-alginate gel. Sorption HM ions by such sorbents in static and dynamic conditions was invertigated. The technology and Variants of using of magnetical sorption smart materials based on the joint inclusion in Ca-alginate gel biomass WCY and synthesized magnetite was elaborated.
6. For the first time is shown possibility of using inversion-voltammetric method in the study of bio-sorptional processes. It has been developed computerized voltammetric complex and electrochemical sensor allowing to carried out measurements in the «drop». Technology for manufacturing mercury-film graphite electrodes and the criteria for assessing their suitability in the determination of trace content of HM was elaborated.
7. The method of inversion - voltammetric determination of low contents of ions cadmium, lead and copper in waste-, surface- and drinking waters with advanced bio-sorptional concentrating was developed. This method allows to determine the concentration of the specified HM at LPC and below with mean square error not more than 0,2 • 10’4.
8. The method of group determination of ions of cadmium, lead and copper by inversion-voltammetric method using pre-concentrating bio-sorption were tested and implemented in laboratory practice «West Labs» SPC «Geology of precious metals and uranium» NMMC. The technology of production of biosorbents based CWY was implemented in the «Pulsar - Group Brewery» Ltd.

Subjects of inquiry: Seeds and seedlings of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sort 108-F (AD/); soybean (Glycina hispida Li), sort Dustlik, arahis (Arahyus hypogaea L), sort Persuvan 46/2, cereal (Triticum aestivum L.), sort Una, mays (Zea mays L.), sort BC-6661, pea (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sort Vigna, stamped 661, vegetative and generative components of cotton seeds.
Aim of the inquiry: To study some ways of phospholipids transformation in cotton seeds and in the seeds of higher plants during their growing and ripening stages.
Method of inquiry: The extraction of the phospholipids was carried by Davson’s and Hemitong’s methods, the quantity of phospholipides was defined by method of Tauski and Shora as well as by Vaskovskiy’s method, the quantity of proteins was identified by Louri’s method, the content of phospholipids was defined by Keyts’s method in ThLCh.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time the research of essential cotton seed’s phospholipids along with seeds of some higher plants (cereal, arahis, soybean, pea and mayz) was carried out during their development from seed to seed and common ways of phospholipids transformation were shown.
It was shown that phospholipase D due to its hydrolase and transferase functions actively takes part in plastic metabolism during cotton seeds’ growing and ripening stages. In vivo and in vitro investigations defined phosphatidil methanoic, which is produced because of transferase function of this enzyme and hasn’t been found in plants yet. Fitase plays a great part in manifesting transferase activity of phospholipase D as fitase delivers inosit. Some models of bicnzimatic systems with fitase and phospholipase were created. These systems could be used in practical aims.
Practical value: The results of these investigations could be used in producing of some valuable prcparatcs such as phosphotidilinosit and mioinosit. They arc very perspective in medicine and pharmacology.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: The method of preparate production could be used in practice. Some results arc used in special training programs at Universities.
Sphere of usage: Scientific researches, educational process in Higher Educational Institutes.

In this article, the importance of organizing a professionally oriented educational process in physics in technical higher educational institutions is analyzed. The role of physical phenomena and laws important for the mining industry in production technologies was studied, and the possibilities of applying the topics given in the scientific program in the professional sphere were investigated. Methodological guidelines have been developed for solving professionally-oriented problems in the molecular physics section, and recommendations have been given for organizing practical classes in physics using them. The advantages of solving professionally-oriented problems in practical classes are described.

Topicality and relevance of the subject of the dissertation. Researchs related to the theory of nonlinear problems are one of the topical directions in the modern mathematics. Source of productions of such problems are mathematical models used in applied mathematics, biology, economics, hydrodynamics, elasticity and plasticity theory, theoretical and mathematical physics. When solving nonlinear problems, an important factor is the phenomenon of bifurcation and branching in problems, which leads to the emergence of new solutions in cases of transfer of controlling parameters of equations by means of the critical values. Among these new solutions, there are stable solutions, as well as solutions that are either immediately go out, or do not occur in a practical situation. Study of new solutions of nonlinear problems emerging at points of branching is the direction, which is called the “theory of stability and bifurcations”. The most striking examples of bifurcation (critical) phenomena are divergence (static bifurcation) and flutter (dynamic oscillatory buckling of plates and shells, in particular aircraft wings) in a stream of gas or liquid (hydro elasticity). This problem of a flutter has become particularly important in supersonic aerodynamics. In the middle of the last century, to study problems of aerodynamics only variation and grid methods were applied. And only in the twenty-first century, methods of the bifurcation theory have been used in this area.
Stability of produced both static and dynamic solutions is studied by the methods of the perturbation theory. More precisely, the spectrum of the Frechet derivative of the nonlinear equation (system of equations) is studied on the branched solution. Assuming that the eigenvalues of linearization , i.e. values of the Frechet derivative on the trivial solution are known, they lock for the Frechet spectrum on the branched solution that allows the use of perturbation theory from the spectral theory of linear operators.
That is why the stream of research related to solving nonlinear problems of perturbation theory rises (from the middle of the last century) with exponential speed, and any new deep result in the perturbation theory is relevant both for the perturbation theory, and for its applications to solving nonlinear problems.
Closely relation of the bifurcation processes to problems of describing the perturbations of the discrete spectrum of linear operators is one of the main causes for the need of researches connected with the subjects of the dissertation. Researchs of situations pertaining to the perturbation of multiple eigenvalues are associated with certain difficulties, which, unfortunately, can not always be overcome. For example, in the perturbation problem of Fredholm eigenvalues, it is found that the number of the eigenvalues branching of these points of the perturbed operator will be as much as a root number of the operator, but it is necessary in this case to require the completeness of the generalized Jordan set (GJS). In the case of an incomplete GJS, degeneracy of branching equation is arisen. In this situation, additional calculations on a specially-built algorithm of replenishment of GJS are needed. In addition, coefficients of the branching equation are determinants of the п-th order, that’s why the process of their finding requires a huge amount of computing.
Such studies could not be carried out in the perturbation problem for Noether points of the discrete spectrum. This is due to the fact that the branching equation of an eigenvalue for these operators can not be built because of inequality of dimensions of zero and defect subspaces.
This situation leads to necessity in the construction of special operators, for which considered multiple eigenvalues would have been simple or multiple but with a complete GJS. The constructing process of such operators is said to be regularization of linear operators.
The regularization procedure of linear operators allows to transform the Noether points of operators into the Fredholm ones, and it gives the possibility to construct the branching equation, which allows determining all the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvalues of the perturbed operator. In addition, multiple eigenvalues are reduced to simple ones, that allows capturing the condition of degeneration for branching equations.
The mentioned methods of reducing the great volume of calculations explain the necessity and need of attraction of researches related to the subject of the dissertation.

Objects of the investigation: the modified Korteweg-dc Vries equation.
Aim of the investigation: integration of the modified Korteweg-dc Vries equation with the self-consistent source in the class of rapidly decreasing functions.
Method of the investigation: in this work the methods of mathematical physics, differential equations, functional analysis, the theory of complex variable functions and the spectral theory of differential operators arc used.
The results achieved and their novelty: all of the main results of this work arc new and consist of the following:
1. The law of spectral data of spectral characteristics of Dirak operator with potential changing on t, which is the solution to the modified Korteweg-dc Vries equation in the class of rapidly decreasing functions is deduced.
2. The evolutions of scattering data of Dirak operator with simple eigenvalue potential of the solution to the modified Korteweg-dc Vries equation with the self consistent sources rapidly decreasing functions in case of moving eigenvalues arc defined.
3. The evolutions of scattering data of no self-joined Dirak operator with multiple eigenvalues potential of the solution to the modified Korteweg-dc Vries equation with the self consistent different sources arc defined.
Practical value: the work has theoretical character.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: on the basis of the received results a special course will be read for the students of masters’ department and postgraduate study.
Sphere of usage: the obtained results may be used in mathematical physics for integration of the equations nonlinear evolution.

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Solar pumped lasers are devices that transform a broadband sunlight into the coherent, monochromatic and directional radiation. However, maximum efficiency of transformation of sunlight into the laser radiation still remains at a level below 4%. In this connection development and creation of new highly effective lasers with solar pumping is one of the extremely topical problems of a global scale. Research and revealing of new ways of increasing the efficiency of lasers with solar pumping on the basis of last achievements in the field of materials technology and in other areas of state-of-the-art science represents the important scientific and practical tasks and substantiates the relevance of the dissertation subject.
The aim of research work is revealing the effective ways of transformation of solar energy into the energy of laser radiation by studying the physical processes, taking place in solar pumped laser systems, with taking into account of optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the solid-state laser active mediums.
Scientific novelty' of the research work consists m the following results:
New procedures of modeling processes of multiple reflection and refraction, absorption, and emission that have been based on tracing of single photons without any weight factors instead of usually used photon packages;
For the first time it is created the experimental laser on the big solar furnace and laser power of 80Wis obtained;
For the first time new alternative approach that based on the use of external frequency converters of solar spectrum is proposed and the opportunity of increasing the pumping efficiency of Nd:YAG lasers up to 30-32% is shown;

Subjects of the inquiry: The geographical peculiarities of the names of population spots and the area toponyms of Djizak Region.
Aim of inquiry: Develop scientific-practical recommendations on regulations of region oykonims on the grounds of the analysis of area peculiarities in formation of geographical names.
Methods of inquiry: Geographical contrasting, historical comparison, etymological analysis, experiment, etc.
The results achieved and their novelty: Research includes learning of effects of economic- social geographical peculiarities of area on formation of place names; rules of naming of population residence areas and their geographical features have been identified. The differences among the names of population residences situated on mountain and desert territories have been analyzed and elucidated within district scales; oykonims of Djizak region have been for the first time learned through lingo-geographical point; there have been made some recommendations on naming new developing population residence places in the region.
Practical value: Research results can be applied in naming population residence places of the region, in creating new place names and in national standardization and transcription of toponyms. Besides, the analytical results and methodological issues are also of much significance in the teaching process of Higher Education.
Degree of embed: The main results, recommendations and summaries have been accepted for usage by toponymy commission under Djizak region authorities. The data and the scientific attitudes of the thesis are being applied in teaching toponymy in Djizak State Pedagogical Institute.
Sphere of usage: Djizak Region, City and District Authorities; Higer Educational Institutions.

Hozirgi vaqtda jahon sanoatida polimer kompozitsion materiallar ishlab chiqarish muhim o'rinni egallaydi. Ular hayotimizning turli sohalarida keng qo'llaniladi. Yangi materiallarni ishlab chiqishga katta e'tibor beriladi. Alyuminiy kompozitsion panellar (AKP) zamonaviy qurilishda binolarning tashqi va ichki qismlarini qoplash uchun tobora ko'proq foydalanilmoqda. Yuqori plastikligi tufayli ushbu turdagi panelni osongina istalgan shaklga aylantirish mumkin va shu bilan birga, alyuminiy qotishmasining plomba moddasining kompozitsion materiali bilan birgalikda qattiqligi dinamik ta'sirning barqarorligini ta'minlaydi. Sirtning yuqori sifati, uning qoplamasi ranglarining keng assortimenti me'moriy yechimlar imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish imkonini beradi.

Tiklovchi yadro usulini qo‘llab sfera sirti bo‘yicha kubatur formula qurishni va algebraik aniqlik darajasi uncha kata bo‘lmagan kubatur formulalar qurish va ulaming tugunlari sfera ichiga chizilgan muntazam ko‘pyoqlik (simpleks, giperoktaedr) ning uchlari, koeffitsentlari o'zaro teng bo‘lib chiqdi, ya’ni invariant kubator formula singari bo'ldi.

The aim of the research work is the development of a technique for calculating the seismodynamics of underground pipelines with complex conditions of interaction with soil.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists in the following: solution techniques for wide application of approximate numerical methods to the problems of seismodynamics of underground pipelines are improved; a technique for calculating stress-strain state (SSS) of underground pipelines under longitudinal oscillations is developed, it takes into account the linear and nonlinear interactions in “pipe-soil” system; a technique for calculating stress-strain state of complex systems of underground pipelines under the influence of seismic loads with distributed masses is developed; a technique for calculating stress-strain state for pipeline systems of orthogonal and non-orthogonal configurations is developed for an arbitrary direction of seismic loads.

The aim of the research work is to increase the productive capacity of the sands of Central Fergana, to improve anti-erosion technologies, and to develop new agrotechnologies for the care of crops.
Scientific novelty of the research worlds as follows:
For the first time, the improvement of agrophysical and agrochemical properties as well as nutritive regime of sand areas with a natural screen as a result of leaving of rye stubble of 14-15 cm height is proved;
The increase in yields of cotton and other crops included in the cotton complex on deflated hilly-barkhan and sandy lands is determined underapplication of effective norms of mineral and organic fertilizers;
The technology of water saving and improvement of the ecological and reclamation state of sandy lands by creation of natural and artificial screens is developed;
It is determined that as a result of creating natural screens in cotton fields of farms, the cotton boll are opened for 3-4 days earlier compared to conventional method;
A technology has been developed for the use of drainage and irrigation ditch deposits through measures aimed at improving the ecological state of the environment.

The aim of the research work is to increase the productive capacity of the sands of Central Fergana, to improve anti-erosion technologies, and to develop new agrotcchnologies for the care of crops.
Scientific novelty of the research workis as follows:
For the first time, the improvement of agrophysical and agrochemical properties as well as nutritive regime of sand areas with a natural screen as a result of leaving of rye stubble of 14-15 cm height is proved;
The increase in yields of cotton and other crops included in the cotton complex on deflated hilly-barkhan and sandy lands is determined underapplication of effective norms of mineral and organic fertilizers;
The technology of water saving and improvement of the ecological and reclamation state of sandy lands by creation of natural and artificial screens is developed;
It is determined that as a result of creating natural screens in cotton fields of farms, the cotton boll are opened for 3-4 days earlier compared to conventional method;
A technology has been developed for the use of drainage and irrigation ditch deposits through measures aimed at improving the ecological state of the environment.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. Gold is mined in 72 countries, among which Uzbekistan occupies the 9th place with 103 production capacity tonnes/ycar. Gold mining in the world in 2015 increased by 0.33% and amounted to 2678 tons. Global stocks of deposits to easily extract and a high initial content of gold is now almost depleted and the development involved the extraction of difficult and complex orc processing. Therefore, to date, the current world market is experiencing a clear shortage of minerals.
High gold prices have created favorable conditions for the expansion of the mineral resource base and involvement in the testing of complex treatment of refractory gold sulfide-ore. The main reason for gold strength associated with fine particulate association with ferric sulfide gold (gold particle size is from tens to less than one micron) and therefore it is not dissolved by cyanidation conventional technology, even when grinding without the use of ultra-thin preparatory operations prior to cyanidation. Thin association of fine gold with iron sulphides in the ore and the presence of significant amounts of carbonaceous substances may occur simultaneously (especially persistent ore), which is particularly complicates processing technology.
In this regard, increasing the efficiency of processing of persistent and highly refractory gold ores through the development of technological and technical solutions aimed at maximum opening auriferous sulfides, and the combined technology of their processing, providing additional recovery of gold is an actual scientific problem facing modem gold mining industry and has great economic importance.
This thesis research is oriented on realization of the decree of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan PD-1442, December 15, 2010 «Priority on development of industry of the Republic Uzbekistan in 2011-2015», as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aim of the research work is the development of technological and technical solutions aimed at maximum opening gold sulphides, and development of combined processing technology, providing additional recovery of gold.
Scientific novelty of the research work lies in the following:
Based on the study of behavior of gold in the process of washing bio oxidation product, it was first established presence of gold in the sink counter current decantation in colloidal form and the dependence of their behavior on the pH of the medium. That case developed bio oxide technology of enrichment by reducing the irretrievable loss of gold (50%) during washing biological pulp;
The cause of the deterioration in clarifying thickeners CCD, which was the salt hydrolysis of Fe+3;
(Variation with pH by washing) in the liquid phase slurry to form a colloidal solution of ferric arsenate and oxysulfatc, leading to an increase in viscosity of the liquid phase of the slurry and decreasing the deposition rate of biooxidation product slurry fraction;
study foaming mechanism during biooxidation detected gold enrichment process (6-8 times compared with the flotation concentrate) by fractionating fine and colloidal gold by flotation factors parts carbonaceous slurry in the reactors;
investigated the kinetics of cyanide thiocyanates during biooxidation product and its participation in competitive adsorption with a cyanide complex of gold and the dynamics thiocyanates content changes depending on the concentration of sodium cyanide and time (10-12 hours), after which the change of its content does not depend on the length process. It is also found that the rate of cyanide leaching of gold is higher than the rate of thiocyanates;
based on the study of the behavior of ion exchange resin in the process of sorption cyanidation products bio-oxidation reduction set sorbent properties after successive cycles of «saturation - regeneration» by poisoning his thiocyanates, which leads to a dynamic increase in the gold content in the liquid tails sorption and reduction of its extraction;
based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the state of thermo-chemical processes occurring in the process of bio-oxidation product of oxidizing roasting, set the temperature which determines the role of the quality of the resulting calcine - at a temperature of 570-600°C the degree of extraction of gold is higher than at 650-743°C. This is because at 650-743°C results in the formation of fast films preventing cyanidation of gold.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the research on a doctoral thesis on «Scientific and technical efficiency principles for refining of refractory and highly refractory of auriferous ores» provided the following conclusions:
1. According to the study, gold properties in the process of washing, the bio oxidation product is first established the presence of gold in the sink of counter current decantation in colloidal form. The dependence of behavior on the pH of the medium on which developed bio oxide enrichment technology by reducing the irretrievable loss of gold (50%) in biological pulp during washing.
2. The reason of deterioration of clarification countercurrent decantation thickeners with salts of Fe+3 hydrolysis (with a change in pH by washing) in the liquid phase slurry with the formation of colloidal solution of ferric arsenate and oxy sulfate, which led to an increase in viscosity of the liquid phase of the pulp and reducing the deposition rate sludge of bio-oxidation cake fractions has been found out.
3. A study of the mechanism of foaming has been observed during the bio oxidation, the process of gold enrichment (6-8 times compared with the flotation concentrate) by fractionating fine and colloidal gold by flotation factors parts carbonaceous slurry reactors has been noticed. A method for processing the foam product, based on the sorption cyanidation gold at higher concentrations of sodium cyanide, which is the most effective compared to defoaming process in reactors.
4. The kinetics of formation of thiocyanates in the process of bio-oxidation cyanidation of products and its participation in the competitive adsorption of gold from the cyanide complex have been studied. Theoretically and experimentally substantiated set content change of thiocyanates cyanidation process depending on the concentration of sodium cyanide and time have been proven. Time for complete formation of thiocyanates is not dependent on the concentration of sodium cyanide, and is 10-12 hours, after which no change in its content depends on the process time. It is also found that the rate of cyanide leaching of gold is higher than the rate of formation thiocyanates.
5. On the basis of studying the behavior of ion exchange of resin in the process of sorption cyanidation of bio-oxidation product is installed after the reduction of the sorbent properties of cycles «saturation - regeneration» by poisoning his thiocyanates, which leads to a dynamic increase in the gold content in the liquid tails sorption.
6. Research has shown the influence of the concentration of thiocyanates saturation of different gold sorbent (resin, coal). In terms of direct cyanide leaching bio-oxidation products concentration of thiocyanates is up to 5 g/1, which is the main reason for the low saturation gold sorbents. Also found that one of the universal ways biological pulp conditioning is oxidative roasting, prevents the formation of thiocyanates cyanidation.
7. On the basis of theoretical and experimental research of thermochemical processes occurring under oxidative firing bio-oxidation product, set temperature determining role in the quality of the cinder. It was determined that at a temperature of 570-600°C extraction of gold higher than 650-743 ° C. This is explained by the fact that at 650-743°C results in the formation of fast films preventing cyanidation gold.
8. Developed and industrialized the combined technology of refractory and highly refractory gold orcs and concentrates containing carbonaceous material, using oxidizing roasting. At the initial stage of oxidation of flotation concentrate bio-oxidation is carried out under the scheme: opened sulfide gold, a significant part of the arsenic dissolved, transferred to the solid state in the form of insoluble scorodite (FeAsO4). Then bio-oxidation product with a low content of arsenic is exposed to oxidizing roasting, in which the carbonaceous gold opened, oxidized remaining sulfide sulfur, destroyed products of metabolism of microorganisms, oxidizing roasting product is directed to sorption cyanidation of gold from pyrite cinders.
9. In introducing the combined technologies of processing and highly resistant refractory gold ores and concentrates, with the use of bio-oxidation product of oxidizing roasting is established that the firing of the product of the charge and Daugyztau and Kokpatas orc deposits in the ratio of 60:40 at a temperature of 600°C for 2 hours and subsequent sorption cyanidation cinder enhances extraction of gold from 73.3 to 82.5%, decrease in consumption of sodium cyanide 2.5 times, reduction Thiocyanate concentration in the liquid pulp phase from 5000 mg/1 to 16.
10. The industrial precious metals recovery technology by improving the technology of sorption cyanidation leaching bacterial product on the basis of circuit testing have been developed and acquired which provide input for the design and subsequent transfer node sorption cyanidation of bio-oxidation product in the scheme of «carbon in pulp».
11. In experimental-industrial conditions of the off-balance sulphide orc gold extraction technology in Kokpatas by heap leaching with continuous bacterial extraction in the order of 50% (versus 25.7% in direct cyanidation) have been developed and tested.
12. The existing scheme and combined technology of processing of refractory and highly refractory gold ores arc introduced at HMP-3 of the State Enterprise «Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine» have been developed and improved. As a result of significantly increase of through extraction and annual gold production while maintaining the existing volume of orc processing, reduced the cost of the manufactured product and get the actual total economic impact of 222.2 billion sums per year (prices of 2016).