Natural Sciences

Hozirgi vaqtda suyultirilgan tabiiy gaz global uglevodorod bozorida tobora muhim rol o'ynamoqda. Suyultirilgan tabiiy gaz iste'molining ko'payishi nafaqat ayrim mamlakatlar va mintaqalarda o'z energiya resurslarining yetishmasligi, balki, avvalambor, suyultirilgan tabiiy gazning boshqa energiya manbalariga nisbatan sezilarli afzalliklari bilan bog'liq. Birinchidan, suyultirilgan tabiiy gazni etkazib berish uchun gaz quvurlari tizimini, shu jumladan borish qiyin bo'lgan joylarda qurish va texnik xizmat ko'rsatishning hojati yo'q. Suyultirilgan tabiiy gazning asosiy afzalligi uni dengiz orqali uzoq masofalarga tashish, okeanlararo etkazib berishni amalga oshirish va eng past narxlarda bozorlarda sotish qobiliyatidir. Bu ayniqsa, energiya xavfsizligini mustahkamlash va gaz eksportini diversifikatsiya qilishga intilayotgan O'zbekiston uchun to'g'ri keladi. Ikkinchidan, suyultirilgan tabiiy gaz quvur liniyasiga nisbatan yuqori sifat bilan tavsiflanadi. Buning sababi shundaki, suyultirish jarayonida gaz zararli aralashmalar va oltingugurt birikmalaridan tozalanadi, shuning uchun chiqishda metan miqdori yuqori bo'lgan deyarli toza gaz olinadi. Bundan tashqari, suyultirilgan tabiiy gaz uglevodorod elektr energiyasi olishda ekologik toza manba hisoblanadi.

Ushbu tezisda Surxondaryo viloyatidagi kelib chiqishiga ko'ra relyef bilan bog'liq joy nomlari haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan. Unda biz Surxondaryo viloyatining joy nomlari xususiyatlari, shakllanishi, hozirgi holati haqida ma’lumotlarni bilib olishimiz mumkin. Viloyatda ko'plab joy nomlari relyef bilan bevosita bog'liq ekaniga guvoh bo'lasiz.

The aim of the research work is justification of the design characteristics of the embankments of the roadbed from natural and stabilized saline soils.
Scientific novelty of research work consists in the following: improved existing design solutions for determining the estimated road surface performance of saline soils located throughout the territory of Uzbekistan; functional dependence of the road surface layer on saline soils on the number and type of salts contained in it was revealed; method of determining the saline soil moisture level in the road surface layer has been improved; method for improving structural relationships and properties of saline soils with surface-active treatment.

The mineralogical composition of talcomagnesite has been studied by chemical, X-ray phase, IR spectroscopic, differential thermal analysis method. It has been established that the main mineral in the deposit is talco-magnesite with a high content of magnesium and iron, that talcomagnesite minerals are oval in shape, soft and completely free of toxic substances, which is a mineral raw material for diversified use. Therefore, the study of calcination of talcomagnesite mineral at a temperature of 500-700 ° C, hydrochloric acid decomposition and production of magnesium chloride, as well as converted to sodium hypochlorite to produce magnesium chlorate talcomagnesite ore.

In this article, we discuss the properties of styrene, the organic substances derived from it, and the chemistry and technology of polymers

The aim of the research work, theoretical studies of the temperature dependence of photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells prepared on the basis of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si: H) and comparison with experimental results.
The object of the research work. The object of the study arc solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon, new equations of photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells on temperature and experimental data available in the scientific literature.
Scientific novelty of the research w ork.
A new expression formula is obtained for the open-circuit voltage from temperature using the semiempirieal method;
A new expression formula is derived for the temperature dependence of the short-circuit current density;
A new expression formula was obtained for the photoconductivity of the photoconductivity of solar cells and the dependence of this parameter on temperature was investigated;
New formulas arc derived for the temperature dependence of the effective voltage, current density, and power; it shows the correspondence between the calculated data and the experimental results;
For the first time, the dependence of the photovoltaic characteristics on the height of the potential barrier and on the photovoltaics non-idcality coefficient was researched.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the theoretical study of the temperature dependence of the photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells based on hydrogenated silicon: the results of a theoretical calculation of the temperature dependence of the photovoltaic characteristics of a solar cell based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon;
methods for determining the optimum working temperature of solar cells based on amorphous silicon and the effect of temperature on the dependence of the duty cycle of the light volt-ampere characteristics of solar cells;
were used by scientists of the Andijan State University to determine the influence of quantum effects on the processes of photogcncration and recombination in the implementation of a scientific grant of fundamental research on the subject OT-F2-28 "Quantum-dimensional effects on the surface and in the volume of doped silicon, and their effect on the photogcncration and recombination processes of carriers charge in p-n structures "(2007-2011) (reference No. FTA-02-11 / 478 of the Agency of Science and Technology of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2017 on august 14). The use of scientific results made it possible to explain the temperature dependence of the photoelectric characteristics of solar cells.
The structure and the volume of the thesis. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, a list of references. The text of the thesis is presented on 130 pages of typewritten text, including 39 figures and 3 tables.

The urgency and relevance of the dissertation topic. Oncological diseases firmly holds second place among the causes of death of people. Most probably, this trend will continue in the near future. Radiation therapy is recognized in modern medicine, one of the most effective methods in the treatment of cancer. According to WHO, about 70% of cancer patients in need of its various forms. However, there are some patients with radioresistant forms of malignant tumors, which are resistant to traditional radiation therapy, i.e. radiotherapy with gamma - radiation and electron. Therefore the search for and development of promising technologies that can overcome these serious illnesses continue At the beginning of the XXI century oncologists have high hopes associated with nuclear medicine. First of all, it is the neutrons of different energies, which are a source of operating nuclear reactors. The most successful neutrons treat tumors not amenable to photon radiation (and there are about 30% of all cancers).
The aim of the research work is to prepare the technology NCT binarytherapy for the treatment of malignant tumors in experimental model for further implementation it in clinical practice.
The tasks of research: Prepare the base for neutron capture therapy on an experimental animal tumors.
To determine the appropriate dose for the effective implementation of the NCT and the rate of elimination 157Gd gadolinium with intratumoral administration.
Evaluating the effectiveness of NCT conducted on animals with experimental tumors" sarcoma - 180".
Assessment of the extent of damage of the tumor and the number of bodies under the influence of NCT on the basis of pathological examination.
The object of the research work is experimental animal s with implanted tumors sarcoma 180.
Scientific novelty of the research work is parameters and methodology of NCT for the impact of the neutron beam reactor of INP AS of Uzbekistan to the primary tumor lesions. It has made investigations of the spatial localization of neutron beam with respect to the irradiated object (experimental rats), including the measurement of dose distributions of gamma and neutron radiation from the reactor channel depending on the neutron beam aperture. The range of change varies from beam aperture (10 -70) mm when irradiated, both animals and patients with malignant tumors.
For the first time, it’s investigated the pharmacokinetics of Magnevist at intratumoral administration, which revealed the time of introduction prior to irradiation.
First time, intact on animals showed that in comparison with NCT gamma irradiation does not cause significant side effects. Intraperitoneal administration Magnevist before irradiationNCT, in doses of 3 and 6 grams showed that this type of impact inhibited tumor growth but caused significant side effects when exposed to parenchymal organs.
For the first time studied the antitumor activity of NCT with intratumoral administration of the drug Magnevist 3 days after irradiation conducted on mice with tumor Sarcoma-180 proved to be quite intense, showing the prevalence of medical pathomorphism II -III degree is awarded a direct dependence of the effect on the radiation dose. In setting up a similar experience with long-term observations has shown that the drug Magnevist binary combination with NCT significantly inhibits tumor growth at 92-97%, with a predominance of medical pathomorphism 1I1-IV degree. The anti-tumor effect is in direct proportion to the dose and exposure time. Histology showed that NCT in 4 grams dose with intratumoral injection of Magnevist drug has no general toxic effects on internal organs (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys).
The outline of the thesis.The results of the research allowed optimizing the conditions for neutron capture therapy using the drug Magnevista that formed the basis of the proposed method of complex treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The new technique of neutron capture therapy can be applied in the study of the impact of both NCT Magnevist and other substances containing gadolinium in other experimental tumors.
These findings are the basis for further development in the most effective tactics of treatment of soft tissue sarcoma and other tumors that are difficult to therapy in the clinic. The developed modes of neutron capture therapy can be used in specialized oncology and radiology institutions of the country for planning of subsequent clinical studies on the effectiveness of neutron capture therapy of human tumors.
Materials and results of the thesis became the basis of a methodological guide for future research.

In this research work, the areas of use and volt-ampere properties of organic semiconductor materials based on phthalocyanines are studied. Also, copper phthalocyanine dye pigment was synthesized on the basis of a new catalyst, and the analysis data of this copper phthalocyanine pigment is presented based on the results of optical, semiconductivity, volt-ampere and thermal analysis.

The results of a study on the composition and rheological properties of solutions after separation of glaserite, as well as the influence of technological parameters on the process of evaporation of mother liquors in the production of potassium sulfate by conversion of flotation potassium chloride with mirabilite of the Tumryuk deposit, are presented. The most intensive process of evaporation of the mother liquor, after separation of the glaserite, proceeds at a temperature of 100°C. In this case, after 60 minutes, the volume of the solution decreases by more than 50%, while at 80 and 60°C these figures are 20 and 5%, respectively. With an increase in the volume of the evaporated liquid from 5% to 40%, the amount of precipitated sodium chloride increases from 3.1% to 22.9% of the mass of the initial mother liquor containing (wt.%): K2O-6.86; Na2O-11.67; SO4-2-3.46, CI--16.02; H2O-66.26 at 20°C. The density of the mother liquors with an increase in the volume of the evaporated solution increases from 1.250 g/cm3 to 1.358 g/cm3 at a temperature of 20°C and from 1.210 g/cm3 to 1.330 g/cm3 at 80°C, the viscosity decreases from 2.126 mPa s to 2.007 mPa s upon evaporation of 40% moisture and up to 0.914 mPa s when the temperature rises from 20°C to 80°C.

The developed potash ores, including Central Asian ores, are mainly represented by sylvinites (KCI + NaCl), which serve as raw materials for the production of the main type of potash fertilizers, potassium chloride.

Objects under study: polyatomic molecules of organic compounds -imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine.
Purpose: Determination of characteristic time and activation energy of the heterogen reactions of polyatomic molecule dissociation on the surface of oxidized tungsten and thermodesorption characteristics of the products of these reactions under single conditions of experiments by the isothermal methods of the non-stationary processes of surface ionization - voltage and flow modulation methods.
Methods of study: non-stationary methods of surface ionization - methods of voltage and flow modulation.
The results obtained and their novelty:
The basic characteristics of surface ionization have been experimentally defined - the ionization coefficient for the radicals (ch ,), .v ’ - ch ,, (с,нf)2N' - ch 2 and (с2hs)2n’c2ht for polyatomic molecules of imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine.
The kinetic characteristics of thermodesorption have been experimentally defined for the radicals (ch ,), n’ - сн ,, (c2hs), n - ch , and (c,//s), n 'с,на being the heterogeneous reaction products of molecule dissociation - imipraminc, amitriptyline, procaine, tctracthylammonium chloride and lidocaine - by the voltage modulation method.
The kinetic characteristics of the heterogeneous reaction of polyatomic molecule dissociation with decay of (C-C)^ and (с - н bonds have been defined.
Practical value: A method of determining the kinetic characteristics of the heterogeneous reactions of polyatomic molecule dissociation have been proposed.
Application and economic effectivity: These results have been used to perform Grant Ф-2.1.7.
Field of application: physical electronics, heterogeneous catalysis, gas-analytical surface ionization industry.

In Uzbekistan’s quarries and mines, the use of modern drilling equipment with hydraulic impact actuating equipment is increasingly being used, which in turn raises the question of establishing optimal basic technological dependencies and modes of hydraulic impact drilling in specific mining and geological and mining and technological conditions of field development

Poultry farming is one of the most developed industries, and it is very important to operate the industry completely without waste. More than 20,000 chickens are slaughtered in poultry factories per month. Taking into account that on average 100 grams of feathers are extracted from one chicken, the main goal is to extract keratin protein by processing more than 2 tons of chicken feathers per month. During the research, my method of extracting protein from feathers will be discussed. In addition, determination of the amount of nitrogen in the protein isolated by a special method, determination of the total protein and amino acids are discussed. In the results section, it was found that 25% dry mass was extracted, it contained 17 different amino acids. It was concluded that chicken feather protein can be used for cosmetics based on theoretical comparisons with keratin protein. Hair is composed mainly of keratin protein and a small amount of lipid.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Currently, a lot of efforts arc made to understand the structure of neutron-rich halo nuclei like 6He, "Li, "Be, 14Bc, l9C, 31Ne. These nuclei have special properties such as small binding energies and the extended one- and two-neutron low-momentum orbitals (1=0,1). Usually, these nuclei arc studied in the core plus few neutrons model. Additionally, no any two-body subsystem of the three-body halo nuclei 6He, "Li, and 14Be is bound, a property of the Borromcan system. In addition to the static properties, like energies and charge radii, the beta decay and electromagnetic transition processes of these nuclei to two-body and three-body continuum channels arc of special interest. These processes yield useful information on the internal structure and halo properties of the nuclei, since the transitions occur namely in the halo parts. In addition, there arc experimental data on the beta-decay processes of the 6He and "Li halo nuclei into the two-body deuteron continuum channels, which need a deep theoretical analysis. The study of the beta-decay processes of the halo nuclei "Be, l9C and 31Nc to the two-body proton plus core continuum channels can yield new properties of these systems in addition to the static characteristics.
Among the halo nuclei a special place belongs to the "Li nucleus. Unlike other nuclei, it can decay additionally into the 9Li+proton+neutron three-body continuum channel. This is the most complicated process and the theoretical model should give useful information on the process, as well as on the three-body structure of the "Li halo nucleus.
The first excited state of the 6Li nucleus is the isobar analog state of the 6Hc halo nucleus. Therefore the M1 -transition process of this state to the deuteron continuum channel allows one to obtain information on its halo properties, similar to the properties of the 6Hc nucleus. The obtained estimations for the width of the M1-transition can be compared with the existing experimental data. The process additionally can be used when studying the parity violation effects in the strong interaction.
The nuclear-nuclear interaction models, containing forbidden states in lowest waves, have been proposed long time ago, in the seventies of the XX-th century for an adequate account of the Pauli principle as an alternative to the potential models with a repulsive core at short distances. They have a microscopic background and, in other words, arc based on the nucleonic degrees of freedom. However, the role of these forbidden states in the nuclear structure has not been properly studied until now. This question is of special interest for nuclei containing several alphaclusters. The exclusion is the Moscow nucleon-nucleon potential model with forbidden states in lowest waves: its properties in the three-body nuclei have been studied in details. On the other hand, a role of forbidden states in the Moscow model is different and it is connected with the quark structure of the nucleon. But in light nuclei containing several nuclear clusters, the models with forbidden states arc introduced exclusively for the adequate account of the Pauli principle. They have got a special actuality in view of the discovery of the halo structure of some light nuclei.
The nuclei which consist of several alpha-clusters play an important role in astrophysics. Although the two alpha-particles arc unbound, but the nuclei, containing three (l2C) and four (l6O) alpha-clusters, have large binding energies and belong to the group of the Borromean nuclei. For these nuclei, the obtaining realistic wave functions for the bound, as well as continuum states, which can be applied to the estimation of the cross-section of the astrophysical synthesis reactions, is the most difficult problem. On the other hand, study of the structure of these nuclei becomes even more actual in view of predictions of the existence of the “alpha-condensation”.
Models of light nuclei developed in the dissertation and results received on their basis arc extremely important for the optimal control of the thermonuclear reactions in the d+6Li plasma, yielding the formation of light nuclei 'H, 3He, 4He, 7Li and 7Bc. Uncertainty of the differential cross sections of the reactions strongly influence on the kinetics of the thermonuclear reactor, hence for the optimal control of these processes it is necessary to develop theoretical models with a high accuracy. Variational methods on the Gaussian and Lagrange-mcsh bases arc needed for the calculation of wave functions which arc used for the estimation of speeds of the specified reactions with a high accuracy.
Purpose of research is to establish special features of the potential model of the interaction between nuclear clusters for the bound and continuum structure of light nuclei and for the description of processes with these nuclei at low energies.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research presented in the dissertation consists in the following:
for the first time an extremely high sensitivity of the energies of the compact 0 I and 2+i states of the 12C nucleus to the description of the two-body Pauli forbidden states is established, which leads to the occurrence of the so-called "almost forbidden states" in the three-body functional space;
for the first time the R-matrix approach is developed in combination with the propagator method for the study of the three-body continuum structure of light nuclei 6He and l4Be in the frame of the hyperspherieal harmonics method on a Lagrangc-mcsh basis; it is shown that for the convergence of the results the wave function has to be matched with its asymptotics at large distances (about 1000 fm); the diagonal- and eigen-phases of the three-body collision matrix have been calculated and a new 14Be(2+) resonance is predicted near Ex=3.4 MeV;
theoretical estimations for the transition probabilities per time and energy units of the beta-decay of the two-neutron halo nucleus 6He to the a+d continuum channel have been obtained; for the first time it is shown that for the reproduction of the experimental data on the beta-decay, it is necessary to use microscopically found ad-potentials containing a forbidden state in the S-wave, reproducing phase shifts and the ground state energy; it is also shown that for the convergence of matrix elements one needs to know wave functions up to 30 fm and hypermomentum components up to K=24; it is demonstrated that the halo effects play an important role in the description of the process because of mutual suppression of the internal and external parts of the matrix elements;
for the first time the theoretical estimations for the probabilities of the Ml-transition per time and energy units of the isobar-analog state 6Li(0+) to the a+d continuum have been obtained; it is shown that only in the case of using the potentials with forbidden states the integral width of the transition 0.9 meV is well consistent with the previous simplified calculations; it is also shown that for convergence of the results one needs to take the upper limit of the effective integral around 25-30 fm and the hypermomentum components up to K=20;
for the first time the theoretical estimations for the transition probabilities per time and energy units of the 11 Li halo nucleus beta-decay to the two-body 9Li+d
continuum channel have been obtained, very consistent with new experimental data; it is shown that in this case, a resonance in the S-wave of the 9Li+d system at the energy position of about 0.7 MeV plays the main role, not depending on what potential model is used: with a repulsive core or with a forbidden state; the 9Li+d-potcntial which reproduces this resonance, describes well the shape and absolute values of the transition probabilities with the help of absorbing imaginary term due-to open decay channels;
for the first time theoretical estimations for the beta-decay probabilities per time and energy units of the 11 Li halo nucleus to the 9Li+p+n three-body continuum channel have been obtained;
for the first time theoretical estimations for the beta-decay probabilities per time and energy units of the one-neutron halo nuclei "Be, l9C and 3lNc to the two-body continuum channels have been obtained in the potential cluster model; it is demonstrated that the transition probabilities arc strongly sensitive to the separation energy of the valence neutron.
CONCLUSION
1. An extremely high sensitivity of the energies of the compact 0+i and 2\ states of the l2C nucleus to the description of the two-body aa Pauli forbidden states is established.
2. For the first time the R-matrix approach has been developed for the study of the three-body continuum structure of light nuclei in the frame of the hyperspherieal harmonics method on a Lagrange-mesh basis in combination with the propagation technique. It is found that the R-matrix, calculated at the boundary of the internal region, must be propagated up to large distances (about 1000 fm), where the wave function is matched with its asymptotics. The method has been applied to the analysis of the three-body continuum structure of the two-neutron halo nuclei 6He and l4Be, diagonal and cigenphases of the three-body collision matrix have been calculated and a new l4Bc(2+) resonance is predicted at Ex=3.4 MeV.
3. It is shown that for the reproduction of the experimental data on the delayed beta-decay of the 6He halo nucleus into the a+d continuum channel, it is necessary to use microscopically found ad- potentials with a forbidden state in the S-wave, reproducing phase shifts and the ground state energy. In that case, the internal and halo components of the Gamow-Tcllcr matrix elements almost completely cancel each other, and as a result, the transition probability is strongly reduced consistently with the experimental data.
4. The method of hyperspherieal harmonics on a Lagrange mesh has been applied to the analysis of the magnetic M1-transition of the isobar-analog state 6Li(0+) to the 6Li(l+) ground state and to the a + d continuum channel in the three-body formalism. The theoretical estimation for the width of the transition to the ground state 7.49 eV is well consistent with the experimental data 8.19+0.19 eV. And the calculated magnetic moment of the 6Li nucleus (p = 0.86 pN) reproduced the experimental data 0.82 pN fairly well. Theoretical estimations for the probabilities of the M1-transition per time and energy units of the isobaranalog state 6Li(0+) to the a+d continuum have been obtained. The integral width of the transition 0.9 mcV is well consistent with the previous simplified calculations. It is shown that the isobar-analog state 6Li(0+) has a well developed halo structure, like the nucleus 6He(0+).
5. The theoretical estimations for the transition probabilities per time and energy units of the beta-decay of the halo nucleus 1 Li to the two-body 9Li+d continuum channel have been obtained, very consistent with new experimental data. In this case, a resonance in the S-wave of the 9Li+d system at the energy position of about 0.7 MeV plays the main role, not depending on the used potential model: with a repulsive core or with a forbidden state. In this case, the halo components strongly dominate over the internal components. For the integral probability of the process the theoretical estimation 7.3E-3 s'1 is within the error bar of the experimental data (8.8+1,9)E-3 s’1 for the energy cut-off E > 0.2 McV.
6. The branching ratio for the beta delayed n-p emission by 1 'Li, a very exotic decay process, unique among nuclei with known two-neutron separation energies, has been estimated in the frame of the cluster potential model. Reasonable estimates of the branching ratio and of the energy distribution of the decays arc obtained with shifted three-body Coulomb functions. The obtained branching ratio is estimated between 0.8E-10 and 2.2E-10, which is much smaller than for the hindered deuteron decay of 6He, (2.6 ±1.3)E-6, The reason of this smallness is the small Q-value of the process which leads to a limited phase space. The observation of this beta delayed decay mode, as expected, requires a valuable experimental effort. The total transition probabilities arc estimated to be of order 10 s s'1.
7. At the end, the beta-decay probabilities per time and energy units of the one-neutron halo nuclei HBe, l9C and 31Ne to the two-body core+p continuum channels have been evaluated in the cluster potential model. For the total transition probability of the HBc nucleus to the l0Be+p continuum channel the estimation is 1.5E-9 s'1, of the 19C nucleus to the lsC+p continuum it is 2.7E-12 s'1. The corresponding branching ratios arc 3.0E-8 for the 11 Be and 1.8E-13 for the 19C halo nuclei. The total transition probability of the 31Ne nucleus to the 30Ne+p continuum channel varies from 0 up to l.E-6 s'1 due to uncertainty of the separation energy. For the separation energy between 0.25 and 0.35 MeV, the total decay probability is 3.3E-10 s'1, which leads to a branching ratio 1.6E-12.
The main conclusion of the dissertation is that the potential models developed in this work can not only describe adequately the existing experimental data in the field of low-energy nuclear physics, but also arc able to predict new properties of light nuclei, if the parameters of the model arc chosen from the condition to be consistent with the underlying microscopic features.

Subjects of research: caprolactam, montmorillonite, polyamidc-6, nanocompositc on the basis polyamidc-6 with montmorillonite via polymerization filling.
Purpose of work: complex study of features and rules of nanocomposite formation in process of polymerization fillings of polyamide-6 with montmorillonite, revealing of interrelation of physicomechanical properties with parameters of the structural organization and working out the technological scheme of getting nanocomposites in case of anion activated polymerization of caprolactam.
Methods of research: IR-spcctroscopy, DTA, X-ray diffraction, DMA, DSC.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time, polymerizations approach to the creation of a nanocomposite on the basis of polyamidc-6 with montmorillonite in case of anionic activated polymerization of caprolactam is realized. Optimal conditions of polymerization and the formation mechanism of nanocomposite arc defined. Parameters of the structural organization responsible for enhancing of exploitation characteristics of composite arc defined through comparison of the theoretical calculations and experimental data.
Practical value - the revealed optimal conditions and correlation between structure and properties allow developing new ideas in the field of creation of nanostructural polymeric materials. The principal possibility of implementation of single-stage technology for creation of objects by making use of advanced technique of reactive injective formation is shown.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: the work has fundamental-oriented character in which possibilities of creation of nanostructural composites based on polyamide-6 with excellent mechanical properties and reduced combustibility have been revealed. The test certificate is available including assessment of combustibility confirming an increase of the fire resistance property.
Field of application: synthesized nanocomposite materials of polyamidc-6 with montmorillonite can be used (1) in the textile industry, (2) in the electrotechnical industry as cards of electronic schemes and cases of calculator machines as materials with the reduced combustibility (3) in mechanical engineering for making gear wheels.

Subject of the research: Jurassic sediments in Bukhara-Khiva region.
Purpose of work: development of the methodology of integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data, and its application in studying formations, structure and composition of the Jurassic section of Bukhara-Khiva region, including treatment of the new conception of the geological evolution of sedimentary basin, and identification of lateral heterogeneities.
Methods of research: Integrated analysis of geological and geophysical materials, including drilling data, well logging data, seismic data, and also developed methodology of integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data, including mathematical modeling of seismic wave fields.
The results obtained and their novelty: New scheme of the methodology of integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data including mathematical modeling of seismic wave fields has been proposed. Cyclostratigraphic and seismic stratigraphic division of the Jurassic section. The history of geological evolution of Bukhara-Khiva region in the Jurassic time has been studied.
Practical value: Developed methodology of integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data can be applied in detailed study of geological structure of other prospective oil and gas areas with similar geological and tectonic settings. Based on conducted seismic formation analysis and other a priory information, the zones with prospects for finding oil and gas traps have been identified.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Developed methodology of integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data has been introduced in the educational process in the faculty of Geology in the National University of Uzbekistan. The recommendations were given on conducting detailed seismic acquisition works, within discovered prospect areas, aimed at finding traps and pools of hydrocarbons.
Field of application: oil and gas sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan, exploration organizations, and system of education.

Actuality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Algebraic instruments are very useful in the study of elementary particles in quantum mechanics, the properties of solids and crystals, in the analysis of model problems of the economics, in the problems of population biology, etc. Since associative algebras defined by specific identity, have been considered when identifying properties of closeness with respect to the usual multiplication of square matrices, further development of algebras leads to the theory of alternative, Lie and Jordan algebras, which are very closely related to each others and have many connection with different areas of mathematics. Since Leibniz algebras are generalizations of Lie algebras, many results of the theory of Lie algebras have been extended to Leibniz algebras. One of the priority directions of research related to this subject is to prove analogues of theorems of the Lie algebras theory in the Leibniz algebras case and to investigate of the inherent properties of Leibniz algebras which are not valid for Lie algebras.
From the classical theory of Lie algebras it is known that an arbitrary finitedimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero is decomposed into the semi-direct sum of maximal solvable ideal and its semi-simple subalgebra. On the other hand finite dimensional Leibniz algebras are also decomposed into the semidirect sum of the maximum solvable ideal and a semi-simple Lie algebra. The investigation of solvable algebras with some special types of nilradicals comes from different problems in physics. Therefore, similarly to Lie algebras, the investigation of solvable Leibniz algebras with given nilradical is one of the actual problems.
Recall that the class of nilpotent Lie algebras is the special subclass of solvable algebras. Since the description of all nilpotent Lie algebras seems too complicated, their study should be carried out with additional restrictions. In particular, in the investigation of nilpotent algebras one of the main restrictions is to restriction to the index of nilpotency. It should be noted that the maximal nilindex for Lie algebras coincides with the dimension of the algebra, and such type of algebras are called filiform algebras. Though, filiform Leibniz algebras have a relatively simple restriction in the class of nilpotent algebras, they have a sufficiently complicated structure, which is convenient to investigate with an additional condition of gradation. The effectiveness of the maximal gradation specify that it most accurately provides information about the structure constants of the algebra in the multiplication table.
The notions of degeneration, contraction and deformation of the algebra appeared from physics. Namely, the notion of contraction of Lie algebras in physical terms means: two physical models are related by a limiting process, under the action of the associated invariants groups. Deformations characterize the local behavior in a small neighborhood in the variety of given type objects. Thus, the study of the deformations of these algebras is a special case of the study of the local geometric properties of varieties. According to algebraic geometry an algebraic variety is a union of irreducible components. The closures of orbits of  rigid algebras give the irreducible components of the variety. That is why the finding of rigid algebras is a crucial problem from the geometrical point of view. The main reason for the demand of the theme of the dissertation is a close relationship of Leibniz algebras and their cohomological properties with the problems of Jordan, Lie algebras and their other generalizations.
Motivation of studying Lie superalgebras as a generalization of Lie algebras came from supersymmetry in mathematical physics. The theory of Lie superalgebras has established itself as a universal subject in modern algebra. Leibniz superalgebras are generalizations of Leibniz algebras and, on the other hand, they naturally generalize Lie superalgebras. Thus, the investigation of Leibniz superalgebras should take place to some parallel studies of these varieties. Similarly to Leibniz algebras, the study of finite-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras with the maximal index of nilpotency and Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex equal to the dimension of the superalgebras, is an actual problem.
The aim of the research is the development of the structure theory of finitedimensional complex Leibniz algebras and their derivations, further development of the theory of degeneration and deformation of non-associative algebras and the description of nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras.
Scientific novelty consists of the following:
a characterization of the nilpotency of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras in terms of Leibniz derivations is obtained;
non-characteristically nilpotent filiform Leibniz algebras and n - dimensional filiform Leibniz algebras of length n-1 are classified;
it is shown that the classical result of the decomposition of a semi-simple Lie algebra into a direct sum of simple ideals is not true for Leibniz algebras;
description of four dimensional complex Leibniz algebras is obtained, and five-dimensional complex solvable algebra Leibniz with three-dimensional nilradical are classified;
classification of solvable algebra Leibniz, whose nilradical is the direct sum of the null-filiform ideals is obtained;
classification of algebras of level one and a description of algebras of level two in the varieties of finite-dimensional complex associative, Jordan and Lie algebras are obtained;
the second cohomology groups of null-filiform Leibniz algebras are described, and a description of infinitesimal deformations of naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained;
classification of null-filiform and filiform complex Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex n+m is obtained;
Leibniz superalgebras with the nilindex n+m are described and it is proved that, Leibniz superalgebras except null-filiform and filiform Leibniz superalgebras and Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence (n | m-1, 1), have nilindex strictly less than n+m.
CONCLUSION
1. Properties of certain semi-simple Leibniz algebras are obtained and it is shown that the classical result on decomposition of a semi-simple Lie algebra into a direct sum of simple ideals is not true for Leibniz algebras.
2. A characterization of the nilpotency of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras is obtained and it is proved that Leibniz algebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits invertible Leibniz-derivation.
3. Classifications of non-characteristically nilpotent filiform Leibniz algebras and n - dimensional filiform Leibniz algebras of length n-1 are obtained.
4. A description of four complex Leibniz algebras up to isomorphism is obtained and five-dimensional complex solvable Leibniz algebras with three-dimensional nilradical are classified.
5. A classification of solvable Leibniz algebras, whose nilradical is the direct sum of the null-filiform ideals is obtained.
6. Certain results on degeneration of solvable Leibniz algebras are obtained, and it is proved that if the algebra degenerates to another one, then the dimension of nilradical of the second algebra is less than the dimension of the nilradical of the first one.
7. Algebras of lowest level are investigated, and classified the algebras of the level one. A description of algebras of the level two in the varieties of finitedimensional complex associative, Jordan and Lie algebras is obtained.
8. Infinitesimal deformations of Leibniz algebras are investigated and the description of second cohomology groups of null-filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained. It is proved that closure of the union of orbits of single-generated Leibniz algebras forms an irreducible component of the variety of Leibniz algebras.
9. A description of infinitesimal deformations of naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained;
10. A classification of complex Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex n+m is obtained and it is proved that Leibniz superalgebras except null-filifom and filiform Leibniz superalgebras and Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence (n | m-1, 1), have nilindex less than n+m
The results of the dissertation have theoretical character. The main results and methods presented in the work can be used in investigations of other algebras and superalgebras, in the theory of categories, in the study of algebras with various types of gradation, in calculation of cohomology and homology groups and in investigation of various processes in theoretical physics.

Solving nonlinear equations is more complicated and is a perfectly unresolved problem in computational mathematics. This iterative
algorithm is called the Steffensen method in numerical methods. The Steffensen method has a quadratic approximation. This method requires calculating the value of the function twice in each iteration, in which case the Steffensen method is less efficient than the cutters method

The aim of research work.
is the determination of the dependence of the characteristic parameters of the electron gas on the basis of the AlSb/InAs/AlSb heterostructure on the total electron concentration.
Scientific novelty of the research work
A simplified model has been developed for the electron spectrum in minibands, taking into account the nonparabolic properties of the AlSb / InAs / AlSb band structure, the finite quantum well depth for electrons and the mass jump in the AlSb /InAs/AlSb; heterojunction.
a new mathematical equation is found for describing the relationships of quantities, such as the total concentration of a two-dimensional electron gas, the electron concentration in minibands, the Fermi energy, the transport mass;
A mathematical model describing the dependence of the energy state density of a two-dimensional electron gas and entropy on temperature under the conditions of replenishment of several minibands is introduced;
it is shown that it is possible to determine the density of the energy states of a two-dimensional electron gas through the values of the effective mass measured at the Fermi level;
It is shown that with an increase in temperature, the stepwise change in the density of states is gradually smoothed out and the nonparabolicity of the dispersion law manifests itself over a wide range of temperatures.

The cement industry is currently making various efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. The blended cement produced by lowering the amount of clinker with using mineral additives has expanded as the trials to reduce CO 2 emission as well as to utilize its advantageous properties. And standards related to blended cement have been already set in all regions of the world. It is evaluated and reviewed the standards of blended cement according to the types and usage ratios of mineral additives that can be blended, which are covered by the European Standard (EN 197 1:2011), the Euro-Asian Standard (ГОСТ 31108-2020) and the U.S. Standard (ASTM C 595-16), respectively. In accordance with the blended cement standard established in each region, it is necessary to promote and expand the use of blended cement to reduce the CO 2 emission currently facing as well as to utilize various advantages of using blended cement.