Vol. 5 No. 05 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 05

This article offers a comprehensive historical analysis of the formation and evolution of educational institutions for visually impaired children in Soviet Uzbekistan during the period from 1925 to 1990. It investigates how the Soviet state’s ideological commitment to social equality and labor participation shaped the development of specialized educational structures for blind children in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). Drawing on unpublished archival materials, official Soviet educational directives, and contemporaneous pedagogical publications, the study reconstructs the four principal stages of institutionalization: the initial establishment phase (1925–1940), expansion during and after World War II (1941–1955), professionalization and curriculum reform (1956–1970), and full systematization and consolidation (1971–1990). Special attention is given to the emergence of defectology as a foundational science in Soviet special education and its role in informing teaching methodologies, teacher training, and the design of tactile and auditory instructional tools. The study also addresses how broader socio-political transformations, such as the post-Stalinist liberalization and the development of national education systems within the Soviet framework, influenced pedagogical approaches for visually impaired children. The findings demonstrate that although the Uzbek SSR operated within the centralized Soviet model, local adaptations emerged in response to cultural, linguistic, and infrastructural particularities. This article contributes to the global history of special education by providing new insights into how socialist states conceptualized disability, education, and inclusion during the twentieth century.

In this article, the strategy of development and its gradual philosophical basis and the activity units of the political leader in order to achieve the stability of the society through this will be revealed. the purposes of dogmas such as support and protection of members of society from social crises in the capitalist process are revealed. In order to reduce the distance between the state, authorities and citizens, to harmonize the interests of the state and the people, and to ensure their commonality, it is recommended to create a national legislative framework aimed at ensuring the liberalization of the activities of political management and political PR technologies, an attribute of a democratic society in the country's media space. Public organizations, various social movements such as voluntarism (volunteering), especially religion although cannot directly influence the political system, have a political nature of their activities. For example, in the absence of secular politics, religion is politicized, the state and religion interfere in each other's Affairs, opening the way to a social dilemma. Political PR technologies end all this, serve as a reliable factor determining the sustainability and effectiveness of the state, from the strategic path chosen by the people. Therefore, the more emotional the phrase” Who Owns information, owns the world, " the more rational.

This article examines the issues of cooperation in the field of healthcare between Uzbekistan and South Korea, analyzes aspects of projects, grants and trainings implemented by the Republic of South Korea with our country. Diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea have existed for more than 30 years, and during this period many agreements, joint programs and grant projects in the social and medical spheres have been implemented.

This article examines the social, economic, and technological development processes of the Sintashta culture. This culture is distinguished by its advancements in metallurgy, chariot technology, and the complex production of ceramic goods. The influence of the Abashevo and Petrovka cultures, as well as the role of interactions with other regions of Eastern Europe, is explored in the formation of the Sintashta culture. The article also highlights the pastoral and economic activities of Sintashta society based on the analysis of archaeozoological materials. Furthermore, archaeological findings and written sources are used to investigate the influence of the Sintashta culture on the regions of Asia and Europe. The research identifies the significant role of the Sintashta culture in the development of Eurasian civilization.

The article is dedicated to the architectural heritage of Central Asia, with a focus on mosques and madrasas built during the Timur and Timurid era. The study covers the main architectural styles and their development under the influence of historical and cultural factors. It examines how Timur's reign contributed to the dissemination of new architectural ideas, shaping unique features such as majestic domes, intricate mosaics, and rich ornamentation. Special attention is given to the functional aspects of the buildings and their roles in education and religion, highlighting the importance of madrasas as centers of knowledge and cultural life. The architectural heritage of Timur and the Timurids reflects the interaction of various cultural traditions, including Islamic, Persian, and local contexts. The architecture of this period serves as a symbol of the region's cultural identity, influencing contemporary perceptions of its historical legacy.

This paper explores the potential alternative methods of resolving the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on solutions grounded in international law. The study examines the historical context of the conflict, key international legal principles such as sovereignty, territorial integrity, human rights, and international humanitarian law (IHL), and evaluates the role of various international institutions, including the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). It further analyzes potential frameworks such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and peacekeeping interventions that are legally supported under international law. The article concludes with recommendations on how the international community could use legal principles to facilitate a peaceful resolution to the conflict.