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407
BIOECOLOGY OF SOME PLANTS DISTRIBUTED IN JIZAKH CITY
Makhammadiyev Davron Muyassarovich
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Senior Lecturer
ANNOTASIYA:
Har bir botanik tadqiqotlarning eng muhim koʻrsatkichlaridan biri o‘rgani-
layotgan flora tarkibining xilma-xillik xususiyatidir. Flora tarkibini o‘rganish, tahlil qilish shu
hududlarning bioxilma-xilligini saqlab qolishda muhim ahami-yatga ega. Jizzax shahar florasi
Oʻzbekistonda kam oʻrganilgan hududlar qatoriga kiradi. Keyingi yillarda respublikamizni
boshqa shaharlari kabi Jizzax shahar hududining katta qismini o‘zgartirilishi, yangi yo‘llarni,
ishlab chiqarish korxonalarini ishga tushirilishi, aholini son jihatidan ortishi natijasida yangidan-
yangi zamonaviy uylarni qurilishi, joylashtirilishi, suv bilan ta’minlash tizimidagi o‘zgarishlarni
yuzaga kelishi natijasida shahar o‘simlilari qoplami tarkibida ham o‘zgarishlar hosil bo‘ldi.
ANNOTATION:
One of the most important indicators of each botanical study is the diversity of
the flora being studied. Studying and analyzing the flora is important for preserving the
biodiversity of these areas. The flora of Jizzakh city is one of the least studied areas in
Uzbekistan. In recent years, as in other cities of our republic, a large part of the territory of
Jizzakh city has been transformed, new roads, industrial enterprises have been launched, the
population has increased, new modern houses have been built, and the water supply system has
changed, which has led to changes in the composition of the urban vegetation cover.
АННОТАЦИЯ:
Одним из важнейших показателей любого ботанического исследования
является разнообразие изучаемой флоры. Изучение и анализ состава флоры важны для
сохранения биоразнообразия этих территорий. Флора Джизака — одна из наименее
изученных территорий Узбекистана. За последние годы, как и в других городах нашей
республики, большая часть территории Джизака преобразилась, в связи с ростом
населения были введены в эксплуа-тацию новые дороги, промышленные предприятия,
построены и размещены новые современные жилые дома, произошли изменения в
системе водоснаб-жения, что привело к изменению состава растительного покрова города.
Kalit so‘z va iboralar:
flora, flora tarkibi, gerbariy, gerbariy fondi, hudud, aborigen florani
shakllanishi, antropogen o‘zgargan muhit, murakkabguldoshlar, gultojixo‘rozdoshlar,
bug‘doydoshlar, pechakguldoshlar,
zubturumdoshlar soya-bonguldoshlar,
torondoshlar,
tuyatovondoshlar, qoqio‘tdoshlar (murakkabgul-doshlar).
Ключевые слова и словосочетания:
флора, состав флоры, гербарий, гербарный фонд,
территория, формирование аборигенной флоры, антропо-генно измененная среда,
комплексная флора, гипсофила, семейство пшенич-ных, семейство плющевидных,
семейство осоковых, пасленовые, торонда, туята, кокот (комплексная флора).
Keywords and phrases:
flora, flora composition, herbarium, herbarium fund, territory,
formation of aboriginal flora, anthropogenically altered environment, complex flora, gypsophila,
wheat family, ivy family, sedge family, solanaceae, toronda, tuyata, kokot (complex flora).
One of the most important indicators of any botanical research is the diversity of the flora being
studied. The study and analysis of any flora is of great importance in preserving the biodiversity
of these territories. The flora of Jizzakh is one of the least studied regions in Uzbekistan, and to
date, a complete list of plants of this region has not been formed. This situation can also be
explained by the small number of herbarium specimens collected from the territory of Jizzakh
region over the past hundred years, which are stored in the National Herbarium of the Institute of
Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It can be seen that the
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Original article
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existing studies are devoted to the study of the flora of some regions of Jizzakh. Herbarium
specimens collected from the Jizzakh region mainly belong to M.G. Popov, Q. Zokirov and
others, and information about the plants of this region was written from the beginning to the
middle of the 20th century. These scientists and researchers collected plants mainly from the city
of Jizzakh and its surroundings, near railway stations.
In recent years, as in other cities of our republic, a large part of the territory of Jizzakh, as well as
other cities, has been transformed, new roads, industrial enterprises have been put into operation,
the population has increased, new modern houses have been built, and changes have occurred in
the water supply system, which has led to changes in the composition of the urban plant cover.
Also, a large part of the city has been developed, and as a result, the modern stage of the
formation of aboriginal flora is taking place in anthropogenically altered environments, and the
high position of families with a wide geographical distribution in the leading families
(Asteraceae - complex-flowered, Amaranthaceae - Primroses, Poaceae - Wheat, Brassicaceae -
Cabbage, etc.) is determined
KEEP CALM AND LOVE
(
Convolvulus arvensis
L.) is a
perennial weed from the ivy family, growing either creeping or erect,
with a stem length of 40-100 cm. Its leaves are arcuate, lanceolate,
and pointed. The bindweed blooms in March-April. It blooms in
May-August. The flowers are white or pink, trumpet-shaped. The
fruit ripens in June-September. The fruit is broadly ovoid, hairless,
6-8 mm long. The bindweed grows well on moist soil with a mixture
of gray and sandy loam. It grows especially abundantly in irrigated
areas.
It is distributed throughout our republic. As it is also known from its name, it is well eaten by
Karakul sheep, goats, and cattle. In crop fields, it grows as a weed and causes damage to crop
yields.
CHICORY
(Cichorium intyhus L.) is a perennial herb belonging to the family of Ascomycetes.
Its stem is erect, covered with hairs, branched, and reaches a height of 70 - 125 cm. Its basal
leaves are opposite - ovate, elongated, with a serrated edge. The stem leaves are lanceolate, large,
serrated, and the base surrounds the stem. The leaves in the upper part of the stem are entire, not
serrated. The baskets are located in groups or singly at the ends of the stem and side branches, in
short inflorescences. The flowers are blue-blue. Depending on the
growing conditions, chicory blooms and seeds ripen from June to
October. This plant is found in almost all neighborhoods of Jizzakh,
along ditches, in gardens, in abandoned lands, in wastelands, and
around apartment buildings.
ZUBTURUM
(Rlantago major L.) is a perennial herb of the family
of Zubturumaceae, growing up to 10 (55) cm tall. The leaves are
ovate or elliptical, the base is rounded or compressed on both sides,
with straight edges. The corolla leaves are light brown, hairless,
tubular, and have an ovoid-lanceolate shape. The seeds are brown
and small. Zubturum blooms and sets seeds in May-September. It grows as a weed along ditches,
river banks, roadsides, wastelands, and gardens.
Convolvulus arvensis
L.
Cichorium intyhus L.
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WILD CARROT
(Daucus carota L.) is a perennial plant from the umbelliferae family, growing
to 150 cm tall. Its stem is round, smooth, striated, and branched from the middle. The leaves are
oblong-ovate, pinnate, bilobed, with a serrated or toothed edge. The upper surface of the leaf is
glabrous, while the lower surface is hairy. The lower leaves are serrated, while the upper leaves
are serrated, and are located on the stems and branches. The inflorescence is multi-rayed, umbel-
shaped, and when flowering, it splits into panicles. The fruit is 2-3 times shorter than the fruit
stem. Wild carrot blooms in May - June, and its seeds
ripen in July - August. It is found along the banks of the
ditches and in gardens in the neighborhoods of "A.
Navoiy", "Tinchlik", "Navruz", "M. Ulugbek",
"Saraylik",
"Khayrabod",
"Qaliya",
"Sharillok",
"Olmachi" in Jizzakh, where the waters of the Sangzor
River and the Jizzakh Reservoir are used.
Capers
- There are 150 species of the Capparis genus, 2 of which are in Uzbekistan. They are
perennial herbs with prostrate stems, thorny, taproots. The
stem of the spiny caper (C. spinosa) is 2.5 meters long, the
leaves are elliptical, 5-6 cm long, the flowers are 5-8 cm long,
white, the fruit is obovate. It grows in deserts, hills, mountains,
along roads, around ravines, on the slopes of hills with sandy
soil. The composition of the leaves of the sedge contains rutin
glycoside, which is found in the sedges and rutas. The sedge is
used for food, its buds are salted and eaten. The seeds contain
36% oil. It is distributed in the “Zargarlik”, “Ittifok”,
“Bunyodkor” neighborhoods of Jizzakh city, along roadsides,
around apartment buildings, and in abandoned lands.
SORMEL
– (Rumex) A perennial herb belonging to the Polygonaceae family. The flowers are
bisexual, with 6 sepals and stamens. The seed is formed from three carpels. The fruit is a
threesided nut. It grows mainly along streams with running water or in fertile lands, on fertile
soils, among deciduous trees. One of the most common species is common sorrel (R. drobovii).
Its rhizome is thick, branched, and grows up to 1 meter in height. The leaves are longstalked,
C.spinosa
Daucus carota L.
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triangular, and ovate. It grows along streams and in gardens in all areas where the waters of the
Sangzor River and the Jizzakh Reservoir are used in Jizzakh. A weed found in fertile lands.
COCKROACH
-
MEDICINAL COCKROACH
- (Taraxacum officinale) The genus
Taraxacum mainly includes perennial and biennial arrow-rooted herbs. Almost all parts of the
plant contain milky sap. The leaves are located at the root neck, lanceolate, with variously
serrated edges. The basket (capillaries) is located at the end of the hollow inflorescence,
emerging from the middle of the inflorescence. The flowers are yellow. The fruit (pistachio) is
oblong, with a hairy tip (poplar). It blooms and bears fruit from early spring to summer. It is
widespread in regions from the desert to the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. The species of
the genus Medicinal Coccinellum - Taraxacum officinale is used as a medicinal plant. It is a
perennial herb with its lower leaves lying on the ground. The flowers (capillaries) are orange.
The diameter of the basket is 3-4 cm, the inflorescence is long. It grows along roadsides and
ditches in all neighborhoods of Jizzakh.
SPRINGWARE
– Species of the Mentha genus are perennial herbs. The stem is erect,
numerous, simple or branched, 4-sided, sparsely hairy, 30-80 cm high. The leaves are simple,
oblong or lanceolate, short-striped, with small teeth on the edges, arranged oppositely on the
stem. The inflorescence is located at the ends of the stem and branches, in a spreading spike. The
flower is crooked, small, the calyx is pink and light purple. The calyx is also purple. The fruit is
4 nuts fused with the calyx. It is found along the banks of the canals in all areas where the waters
of the Sangzor River and the Jizzakh reservoir are used.
SEDGE -
Cyperus rotundus. The most common representative of the Cyperus genus. This genus
includes perennial and annual grasses. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate. The flowers are
bisexual. It is a perennial grass, 10-50 cm tall. The stem is three-sided, smooth. The leaves are
shorter than the stem. It blooms in May-June and bears fruit in June-September. It reproduces
vegetatively using its rhizomes. It is found as a weed in all irrigated fields of the city.
COMMON HARMONY
- Peganum harmala L. – Harmlessness – a herbaceous plant
belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family, reaching a height of 20-60 cm
.
The root is well
developed, located at a depth of 2 m, according to some data, the root reaches a depth of 10 m
and more. The stem is multiple, branched. The leaves are simple, divided into 4-5 lobes (lobes
are linear-lanceolate), pinnate, with a short petiole, the
upper ones are located in a row on the branches with a
stem without a petiole. White or yellowish flowers are
located singly at the top of the branches. The fruit is a
spherical, three-lobed capsule. The seeds are small, three-
sided, brown-brown, with uneven small pits on the upper
side. It blooms in May-June, the fruit ripens in August.
All parts of the plant are poisonous! It is found in all
parts of the city in unused and neglected areas, in rocky
and soiled areas.
Peganum harmala L
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CAKRA
(Acroptilon repens) – A perennial herb belonging to the
Asteraceae family. Height 60-100 centimeters. The stem is branched,
densely leafy. The shape of the leaf plate is varied. There are no
leaflets. The leaves are rough, lanceolate, the lower leaves are
serrated, sometimes notched, the upper ones are smaller, with a flat
edge. The flowers are medium-sized, always arranged in
inflorescences, bloom in mid-summer and produce seeds. It grows
on stony and saline soils, on roadsides, among cultivated crops.
Drought-resistant. It is often found in the areas of the "Ittifok" and "Bunyodkor" neighborhoods
of Jizzakh.
LIST OF REFERENCES USED
1.
Тожибаев К.Ш., Бешко Н.Ю., Эсанкулов А.С., Батошов А.Р., Азимова Д.Э. Кадастр
флоры узбекистана: Джизакская область. Ташкент. “Замин нашр”. 2021
.
368с.
2.
Islamov B.S., Hasanov M.A. Botany. Textbook. Samarkand: SamSU Publishing House, 2020.
– 568 p.
3.
O. Pratov et al. Botany (anatomy, morphology, systematics, geobotany) Textbook. –T.:
"Ta'lim nashiryoti", 2010. 286 pages
4.
U.Pratov, Q. Jumaev. Systematics of higher plants. (Textbook). T., “UAJBNT” Center, 2003,
146 p.
5.
J.Kh. Khojaev. Plant physiology. Textbook, Tashkent – “Mehnat” – 2004. 223 p.
Acroptilon repens
