№ 1 (2025) ILM FAN XABARNOMASI

Статья посвящена проблеме низкой мотивации к занятиям физической культурой у подростков с низким уровнем самооценки. Рассматривается актуальность разработки и реализации специализированной программы, учитывающей психологические особенности данной категории подростков. Описываются цели и задачи программы, включающие диагностику, создание безопасной среды, развитие позитивного отношения к телу, повышение уверенности в своих силах и формирование устойчивой мотивации к занятиям физической культурой. Представлены содержание и структура программы, включающие психологический, физкультурно-оздоровительный и рефлексивный блоки, а также методы и формы организации занятий и оценка эффективности программы. Подчеркивается, что целенаправленная работа с подростками с низким уровнем самооценки позволяет повысить их мотивацию к занятиям физической культурой, улучшить физическое и психическое здоровье.

Ushbu maqolada  boshlang‘ich sinf  o‘quvchilariga matematika fanini interfaol metodlardan foydalanib o‘qitish haqida ma’lumotlar yoritilgan. 

This article analyzes the economic and social significance of taxation, its main functions, and their role in state financial policy. The fiscal, redistributive, incentive, and regulatory functions of taxation are separately highlighted, and practical examples are used to illustrate how each of them affects the economy. It also substantiates the importance of a balanced use of these functions in the formation of an effective tax policy. The article serves to expand scientific views on the place and role of taxation functions in the formation of the state budget and ensuring economic stability.

Zamonaviy raqamli jamiyatda axborot eng muhim resurslardan biriga aylangan bir paytda, axborot xavfsizligi va axborot xavflarini boshqarish masalalari O‘zbekiston uchun ham dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda raqamli texnologiyalarning keng joriy etilishi natijasida yuzaga kelayotgan axborot xatarlarining hozirgi holati, ularning shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi ichki va tashqi omillar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, kibertahdidlardan xabardorlik darajasining pastligi, axborot xavfsizligi sohasidagi mutaxassislar yetishmovchiligi, himoya texnologiyalariga yetarlicha sarmoya yo‘qligi kabi muammolar yoritiladi. Maqolada axborot xavflarini oldini olish va boshqarish bo‘yicha samarali choralar, jumladan, texnik va tashkiliy yondashuvlar, treninglar, qonunchilikni takomillashtirish va xalqaro hamkorlik masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida O‘zbekistonda barqaror va xavfsiz axborot muhitini yaratish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beriladi.

Mazkur maqolada G‘arbda shakllangan individualizmning ahamiyati, kelib chiqishi tarixi haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Shuningdek, umaman oila institutining vazifalari va roliga doir xuloslara ham tahlil etilgan. Bugungi globallashuv jarayonida individualizmning Sharqqa kirib kelishi va qadriyatlarrga ta’siri borasidagi qarashlar o‘rganilgan. Individualizm va egoizmning tamomila farqli tushuncha ekanligi borasida ham tahliliy materiallar taqdim etilgan.

Ushbu maqola artterapiyadan foydalanib talabalarda kuzatiladigan ruhiy zo‘riqishlar, stressli holatlar va ruhiy muammolarni bartaraf etish, shu jumladan kundalik hayotda duch keladigan stress omillari, o‘qish bosimi, ijtimoiy moslashuv qiyinchiliklari va shaxsiy muammolarni bartaraf etish, artterapiyaning ijodiy va terapivtik kuchidan foydalaninb, talabalar ruhiy holatini tiklash va psixologik yordam ko‘rsatish imkoniyatlarini ochib berishga qaratilgan.

Ushbu mavzu tilshunoslikning muhim bo’limi bo’lgan morfologiyaga oid bo’lib, so’zning eng kichik ma’noli birliklari-morfemalarning  tuzilishi, tildagi o’rni va funksiyasini o’rganadi. Morfemalar asosiy ikki turga  erkin (free) va bog’langan (bound) morfemalarga bo’linadi. Bog’langan morfemalar esa o’z navbatida derivatsion va infleksion morfemalarga ajratiladi. Ushbu bo’limda morfemalarning leksik va grammatik vazifalari, yangi so’zlar hosil qilishdagi roli, shuningdek, turli tillardagi morfemik tizimlar solishtirilib tahlil qilinadi. Mavzu til birliklarining shakllanish mexanizmlarini chuqur anglashga xizmat qiladi va til strukturasi haqidagi bilimlarni mustahkamlaydi.

This article examines the various teaching methods and forms employed to achieve the goals of a specific pedagogical process. It highlights how different approaches, ranging from traditional to modern methods, are utilized to guide students in completing tasks that contribute to the overall learning objectives. The focus is on the importance of selecting appropriate methods, such as communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and grammar-focused approaches, to address diverse learner needs. Additionally, it discusses the role of teaching forms, including lectures, group work, and technology-assisted learning, in creating an engaging and effective learning environment. By adapting these methods and forms to the context and objectives, educators can foster meaningful learning experiences and ensure the achievement of educational goals.

The topic "Effective Teaching Methods in Intensive Programs" focuses on identifying and analyzing teaching strategies that enhance learning outcomes in short-term, high-intensity educational settings. Intensive programs, characterized by condensed schedules and accelerated content delivery, require specific instructional approaches to maintain learner engagement and ensure effective knowledge retention. This research explores methods such as task-based learning, interactive group activities, blended learning, and differentiated instruction. It examines how these approaches can be adapted to suit various subject areas and student levels within intensive formats. The study also highlights the importance of time management, student-centered techniques, and continuous assessment in achieving successful educational results in intensive programs.

Ushbu maqola ayollarning bola tarbiyasidagi psixologik rolini chuqur oʻrganadi. Unda onaning bola rivojlanishiga ta'siri, hissiy bogʻlanishning ahamiyati, onaning namuna boʻlishi, hissiy qoʻllab-quvvatlashi, kognitiv rivojlanishni ragʻbatlantirishi va ijtimoiy koʻnikmalarni oʻrgatishi kabi muhim jihatlar koʻrib chiqiladi. Maqola onaning ruhiy salomatligining muhimligini ta'kidlaydi va oʻz qadriyatlariga muvofiq yashashni maslahat beradi.

Maqolada boshqaruv tizimi hamda boshqaruv madaniyati to’g’risida tushunchalarning mazmun va mohiyati hamda ularning o’zaro umumiy tomonlari, o’quvchilarni tarbiyalashdagi roli va o’rni ko’rsatib berilgan.

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a learner-centered approach that emphasizes communication as the primary goal of language learning. Unlike traditional methods that focus on grammar and memorization, CLT encourages interaction, problem-solving, and the use of authentic language. This article explores the key principles of CLT, its practical application in ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms, and its overall effectiveness in developing students' communicative competence. Recent studies show that learners taught through CLT demonstrate better fluency and confidence in real-life communication compared to those who follow teacher-centered methodologies.

Ushbu maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida aholining iqtisodiy savodxonligini oshirish va tadbirkorlik qobiliyatini rivojlantirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Zamonaviy texnologiyalar va internet imkoniyatlaridan foydalanish aholining moliyaviy savodxonligini oshirish va tadbirkorlik muhitini yaxshilashga xizmat qilishi mumkin. Tadqiqotda adabiyotlar sharhi, tahliliy va taqqoslash usullari qo‘llanilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, raqamli iqtisodiyot tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar yaratadi, biroq muammolar ham mavjud. Ushbu maqola raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida iqtisodiy savodxonlikni oshirish va tadbirkorlik qobiliyatini shakllantirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalarni ilgari suradi.

In recent years, Uzbekistan has been actively transitioning towards a green economy, focusing on sustainable development and environmental conservation. The banking and financial system plays a crucial role in accelerating this shift by providing green financing, promoting eco-friendly investments, and supporting sustainable economic activities. This article explores how financial institutions in Uzbekistan contribute to green economic growth through green bonds, sustainable lending, and investment in renewable energy projects. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges faced in financing a green economy and provides recommendations for enhancing the role of the banking sector in sustainable development.

В эпоху стремительного развития информационных технологий компьютерная лексика становится неотъемлемой частью повседневного общения. Персидский язык, как и многие другие, адаптируется к новым реалиям, формируя собственную терминологию для описания цифровых процессов и объектов. В статье рассматриваются особенности словообразования компьютерных терминов в персидском языке, а также роль лингвистических институтов, в частности Академии языка и литературы Ирана, в стандартизации и упорядочивании этой лексики. Анализ проводится на материале современной лексики, используемой в сфере информационных технологий, с целью выявления закономерностей и тенденций терминообразования.

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Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a grave complication of advanced liver disease, characterized by functional renal failure in the absence of underlying structural kidney pathology. The pathogenesis of HRS is multifactorial and deeply intertwined with the complex hemodynamic changes that occur in cirrhosis. The hallmark features include splanchnic arterial vasodilation, systemic circulatory dysfunction, renal vasoconstriction, and impaired renal autoregulation. Neurohormonal activation, particularly the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and non-osmotic vasopressin release, plays a pivotal role. Emerging evidence highlights the role of systemic inflammation, bacterial translocation, and immune dysregulation in the progression of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis. This article explores the detailed pathophysiology of HRS, from its historical development to molecular mechanisms, and discusses how this understanding informs clinical management and therapeutic development.

This article explores various methods of teaching foreign languages, analyzing their principles, advantages, and limitations. It reviews traditional approaches such as the Grammar-Translation and Audiolingual Methods, as well as modern methodologies like Communicative Language Teaching, the Direct Method, and Task-Based Learning. The role of technology in enhancing language education is also discussed. The paper emphasizes the importance of adopting a flexible, student-centered approach that integrates multiple techniques to address the diverse needs of learners and enhance communicative competence. By understanding these methods, educators can make informed decisions to create effective and engaging language learning experiences.

Mazkur ilmiy maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida ilm-fan va innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish borasida amalga oshirilayotgan keng ko‘lamli islohotlar, ularning institutsional va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy asoslari, shuningdek, ilmiy faoliyatni innovatsion jarayonlar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish yo‘llari keng tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, 2022–2024 yillarda qabul qilingan strategik hujjatlar, Prezident qarorlari, ilmiy-innovatsion infratuzilmani rivojlantirishga qaratilgan dasturlar, xalqaro hamkorlik yo‘nalishida olib borilayotgan ishlar batafsil ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada ilm-fanning rivojlanishida texnoparklar, startap inkubatorlari, zamonaviy laboratoriyalar, oliy ta’lim muassasalari va ilmiy-tadqiqot institutlari o‘rtasidagi integratsiya aloqalari, yoshlarning ilmiy faoliyatga keng jalb qilinishi, davlat grantlari va ilmiy diplomatiya muhim o‘rin egallashi tahlil qilinadi. Maqola ilm-fanni O‘zbekistonning uzoq muddatli barqaror rivojlanishi yo‘lida asosiy strategik resurs sifatida ko‘radi va mavjud muammolar bilan birga aniq yechimlar, model va strategiyalarni taklif etadi.

This thesis examines how a learner’s first language (L1) impacts the acquisition of English. It explores both positive and negative influences, such as language transfer, interference, and similarities in structure or vocabulary. The study aims to highlight how awareness of L1 influence can help educators create more effective teaching strategies and support learners in overcoming common difficulties.

The article highlights attention to foreign languages ​​and issues of further development of modern innovative education of youth.

The aims of this study are: (1) to identify the types of speaking skills used by teachers in the communicative language testing approach at the secondary level; and (2) to determine which of the five speaking skills in the communicative language test were most commonly utilized by teachers during the pandemic. This research adopted a descriptive qualitative method. The participants were 20 English teachers at the secondary level in Jakarta. The findings of the study reveal that: first, English teachers primarily use performance-based assessments to evaluate students' speaking abilities during the pandemic. Second, the assessment of students' speaking skills using the Communicative Language Testing Approach is conducted only during the initial assessment and formative testing stages. The application of this assessment method occurs when teachers require students to generate responses or perform tasks that go beyond merely providing information. Teachers ask students to solve specific problems (problem-solving), requiring them to choose the correct response based on information and concepts, which encourages greater student participation in class as they must apply learned material to real-world situations. Third, teachers believe that using the Communicative Language Testing Approach is highly beneficial in improving students' speaking skills because it enables students to demonstrate their work clearly, express their ideas confidently, and move beyond theoretical knowledge to practical application. However, teachers also noted that authentic assessment requires more time to implement.

Ushbu maqolada kvartirik (kvant) dasturlash texnologiyasining axborot xavfsizligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. An’anaviy kriptografik algoritmlar kvant kompyuterlarining yuqori hisoblash quvvatiga bardosh bera olmasligi xavfi mavjud. Shuningdek, maqolada kvant kompyuterlar yordamida ishlatiladigan Shor va Grover algoritmlarining mavjud shifrlash tizimlariga tahdidi va post-kvant kriptografiyaning dolzarbligi yoritiladi. Axborot xavfsizligini ta’minlash uchun yangi avlod kriptografik metodlar va kvantga chidamli algoritmlarni ishlab chiqish zarurligi asoslab beriladi.