ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 7, issue 1, Aprel 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
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Original article
87
EXPRESSION OF CULTURAL REALITIES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEKISTAN IN
TRANSLATION
Nigina Begmatova
Student, Diplomat University, Uzbekistan
Annotation:
This article analyzes the possibility of expressing cultural realities in English and
Uzbek in translation and the difficulties that arise in this process. Cultural realities are words or
phrases that reflect the lifestyle, traditions, values, and customs of a nation. The need to take into
account cultural differences and the specific features of the language in the translation process is
emphasized. The article also discusses the main methods used in translating cultural realities
(equivalence, transposition, explanatory translation, etc.) and their effectiveness. The article also
provides practical advice for translators, taking into account the cultural and linguistic
differences between English and Uzbek.
Keywords:
differences, equivalence, explanatory translation, linguistic differences, linguistics,
cultural context.
Introduction:
The translation process requires consideration not only of the grammatical
structure of a language, but also of cultural differences. Each language has its own cultural
realities, which reflect the historical experience, customs, values, and lifestyle of its people.
Translating cultural realities accurately and effectively requires a deep understanding of the
language and culture on the part of the translator. The representation of cultural realities in
translation between English and Uzbek can be particularly challenging, as each language has its
own cultural context and linguistic structures.
The differences between English and Uzbek are particularly evident in the translation of cultural
realities. While cultural realities in English are often globally recognized and widespread, Uzbek
reflects its own national and historical context. Therefore, special approaches and methods are
needed to express cultural realities in translation. This article examines how cultural realities in
English and Uzbek are expressed in translation and the difficulties of this process. The article
analyzes the main methods of translating cultural realities and shows how they can help
translators overcome cultural differences.
Main Part:
Cultural realities are words and phrases that are expressed through language and
reflect the cultural, historical and social characteristics of a particular nation or society. They
describe the traditions, values and customs of the society in which they live. In translating
cultural realities, in addition to mastering the language, it is necessary to have a deep
understanding of cultures. Correctly expressing cultural realities in translation ensures an integral
connection between language and cultures. Good reflection of cultural realities in translation has
not only artistic, but also social and educational significance. English is one of the most widely
used languages on a global scale, and its cultural realities reflect the cultures of many
countries. Cultural realities in English are often related to American or British culture, but they
are spread worldwide. For example, holidays such as
“Thanksgiving,” “Halloween,”
or
“Fourth
of July”
in English are unique to American culture, and when translating them into Uzbek,
equivalents or explanations in Uzbek culture can be used.
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 7, issue 1, Aprel 2025
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Original article
88
The Uzbek language, in turn, has its own cultural realities that reflect the historical, cultural, and
social characteristics of Uzbekistan. Uzbek expressions such as
“Navruz,” “Hospitality,”
or
“Dostlik rishtasi”
pose difficulties in translating directly into English. When translating these
cultural realities into English, explanatory translation or contextualization methods are usually
used.
Translators use several methods to translate cultural realities, each with its own advantages and
limitations.
Some cultural realities, such as universal holidays or concepts, may also exist in other cultures.
In such cases, the translator uses an equivalent word. For example, the English word
“Christmas”
is directly translated into Uzbek as
“Yangi yil.”
Some cultural realities are known only in their own culture and cannot be directly translated.
When translating cultural realities, sometimes there is a need to change the syntactic or semantic
structure of the language. This method is useful in adapting cultural realities to the language.
When translating cultural realities, their meaning and context are always taken into account. In
translation, the correct understanding of the reality and the expressed meaning are important.
The specific cultural differences between the English and Uzbek languages cause
many difficulties in the translation process. When translating cultural realities, the peculiarities
of the language, the social context and the different values of cultures affect the
translation. For example, the culture of hospitality and sincerity in the Uzbek language requires
how to express them in English, because such qualities are reflected in a different way in English.
Therefore, translators need to correctly understand cultural differences and choose the
appropriate approach.
Translating cultural realities is not only a linguistic process, but also a complex task that requires
a deep understanding of intercultural relations. The specific features of the representation of
cultural realities in translation in English and Uzbek determine important practical rules for
translators. Translators need to use appropriate approaches, taking into account cultural
differences. When translating cultural realities, accurate and precise translation can be obtained
using methods such as interpretive translation, equivalence, transposition, and contextual
approach.
The Uzbek language, in turn, has its own cultural realities that reflect the historical, cultural, and
social characteristics of Uzbekistan. Uzbek expressions such as
“Navruz,” “Hospitality,”
or
“Dostlik rishtasi”
pose difficulties in translating directly into English. When translating these
cultural realities into English, explanatory translation or contextualization methods are usually
used.
Translators use several methods to translate cultural realities, each with its own advantages and
limitations.
Some cultural realities, such as universal holidays or concepts, may also exist in other cultures.
In such cases, the translator uses an equivalent word. For example, the English word
“Christmas”
is directly translated into Uzbek as
“Yangi yil.”
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 7, issue 1, Aprel 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
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Original article
89
Some cultural realities are known only in their own culture and cannot be directly translated.
When translating cultural realities, sometimes there is a need to change the syntactic or semantic
structure of the language. This method is useful in adapting cultural realities to the language.
When translating cultural realities, their meaning and context are always taken into account. In
translation, the correct understanding of the reality and the expressed meaning are important.
Results and discussion:
The comparative analysis of cultural expressions in English and Uzbek
texts revealed significant insights into how culture influences language and translation. The
study found that cultural realities embedded in source texts often carry meanings that are deeply
rooted in specific social norms, traditions, and historical contexts, which makes their accurate
translation both challenging and essential.
In English texts, cultural elements are frequently expressed through idioms, metaphors, and
references to Western historical or pop-cultural events. Translating these into Uzbek often
requires either adaptation (domestication) or explanation (foreignization). For example, phrases
like “kick the bucket” or “raining cats and dogs” have no direct equivalents in Uzbek and
therefore must be translated in ways that preserve the intended meaning while remaining
culturally accessible.
Conversely, Uzbek texts include rich references to local customs, traditional foods (e.g.,
osh
,
sumalak
), and culturally specific concepts like
mehmondoʻstlik
(hospitality). When translated
into English, these expressions often risk losing their cultural flavor unless the translator
provides additional context or utilizes culturally analogous expressions.
The findings suggest that successful translation of cultural realities depends heavily on the
translator's competence in both languages and cultures. It was observed that literal translations
often lead to misinterpretations or a loss of meaning, especially when cultural connotations are
strong. Dynamic equivalence and cultural adaptation emerged as the most effective strategies for
maintaining the integrity and spirit of the original text.
Furthermore, interviews with bilingual translators highlighted that the balance between fidelity
to the source and clarity for the target audience is key. Translators frequently face the dilemma
of choosing between cultural preservation and reader comprehension, with the decision often
influenced by the purpose of the translation (e.g., literary, academic, or commercial).Enhancing
awareness of cultural differences and fostering intercultural competence among translators can
greatly improve the quality and authenticity of cross-cultural communication.
Conclusion:
The specific cultural differences between the English and Uzbek languages
cause many difficulties in the translation process. When translating cultural realities,
the peculiarities of the language, the social context and the different values of cultures
affect the translation. For example, the culture of hospitality and sincerity in the Uzbek language
requires how to express them in English, because such qualities are reflected in a different way
in English. Therefore, translators need to correctly understand cultural differences and choose
the appropriate approach.
Translating cultural realities is not only a linguistic process, but also a complex task that requires
a deep understanding of intercultural relations. The specific features of the representation of
cultural realities in translation in English and Uzbek determine important practical rules for
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 7, issue 1, Aprel 2025
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi
worldly knowledge
OAK Index bazalari :
research gate, research bib.
Qo’shimcha index bazalari:
zenodo, open aire. google scholar.
Original article
90
translators. Translators need to use appropriate approaches, taking into account cultural
differences. When translating cultural realities, accurate and precise translation can be obtained
using methods such as interpretive translation, equivalence, transposition, and contextual
approach.
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