INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1137
THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE TRANSITION
TO A GREEN ECONOMY
Urazmetova Firuza Karimovna
Namangan State University
3rd year student of the Faculty of Economics
Annotation:
This article analyzes the role of Public Policy and its effectiveness in the process
of transition to a green economy. The article examines the main directions of public policy in
the development of the green economy, problems and solutions in ensuring the balance
between economic, environmental and social factors. The study develops proposals to
improve the effectiveness of Public Policy. The article is devoted to international experience
and topical issues of the development of the green economy on the example of Uzbekistan.
Keywords:
green economy, public policy, sustainable development, environmental policy,
economic growth, Public Administration.
Introduction:
the green economy is a concept aimed at reconciling economic growth with
environmental sustainability and social justice, and is gaining importance in the context of
global climate change, resource shortages and environmental problems. This concept seeks
not only economic development, but also the rational use of Natural Resources, the reduction
of pollution and the promotion of social equality. Public policy plays an important role as the
main driving force in the transition to a green economy, as it manages this process through
legislative reform, financial incentives and the development of sustainable infrastructure [1].
The essence and importance of the green economy: the green economy is defined as an
economic activity that does not harm the environment and increases social well-being . This
model is based on principles such as efficient use of resources, transition to renewable energy
sources, recycling of waste and reduction of carbon emissions. Pearce and others ' research
highlights conservation of ecological balance and resource conservation for future
generations as the primary goal of the green economy. On a Global scale, the green economy
is seen as an important tool in combating climate change and achieving sustainable
development goals.
For developing countries such as Uzbekistan, the transition to a green economy can bring not
only environmental, but also economic and social benefits. For example, investing in
renewable energy sources provides energy security, creates new jobs, and diversifies the local
economy. However, this process is hampered by limited financial resources, institutional
vulnerabilities, and loopholes in legislation.
The role of Public Policy: public policy is a key factor in the transition to a green economy.
Uzbekistan has adopted a number of green economy development programs in recent years,
such as a renewable energy development strategy and commitments to reduce carbon
emissions. Measures are being taken by the state such as tax incentives, subsidies and
financing of green projects through cooperation with international financial organizations.
For example, Uzbekistan plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the energy
system by 2030 [2].
Looking at international experience, the European Union (EU) is a leader in the development
of the green economy. EU's Green Deal (Green Deal) strategy aims to achieve carbon
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1138
neutrality by 2050, with significant investment and legislative reforms underway to achieve
this goal. China, on the other hand, has become one of the global leaders in the field of green
technology, especially solar and wind energy. The experience of these countries shows that it
is possible to successfully develop the green economy through strategic planning of Public
Policy, financial incentives and international cooperation. However, in developing countries,
including Uzbekistan, limited financial resources and institutional problems slow the
transition to a green economy. For example, there are difficulties in attracting the private
sector to finance green projects, which puts an additional burden on the state.
Literature analysis:
methods of analysis and the state of Uzbekistan: qualitative and
quantitative methods are used in the analysis of the green economy. Qualitative analysis is
based on the study of state programs, legislative framework and international experience. In
Uzbekistan, programs related to the green economy are analyzed, for example, “sustainable
development strategy” and renewable energy projects [3].
In the quantitative analysis, however, indicators such as the proportion of renewable energy,
CO2 emissions and energy efficiency are considered. For example, according to the
Statistical Committee of Uzbekistan, the share of renewable energy has increased
significantly in recent years, but the total energy balance is still dominated by traditional
types of fuel. Data from international organizations (UNEP, OECD) positively assess the
progress of Uzbekistan in the field of green economy, but gaps in legislation, such as lack of
standards in the implementation of green technologies and limited financial resources, remain
as problems [4].
Results and Discussion:
Green economy transition strategy and achievements Uzbekistan
continues to implement a strategy for 2019-2030, aiming to move to a green economy by
2030. Significant progress has been made in this direction in 2024-2025. Development of
renewable energy sources In the first quarter of 2025, 12,746 individuals received subsidies
of over 8 billion soums from solar panels, indicating the success of public policy in
promoting the use of green energy among the population; In 2024, the share of renewable
energy sources (QTEM) in the total energy balance approached 10%, a significant increase
(from about 2-3%) compared to 2017. The total capacity of solar and wind farms has reached
3 GVt; since January 1, 2024, energy storage systems for solar and wind farms with a
capacity of more than 1 MW have been mandatory introduced, which serves to increase
energy efficiency. 2. Energy efficiency in industry As part of the 2022-2026 program, it was
planned to reduce product energy capacity by 20% by 2026 compared to 2022 in 25 large
enterprises. In 2024, an increase of about 10% was recorded on this indicator. In 2024, the
environmental assessment system was expanded in investment projects towards the goal of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 35% from the level of 2010. 3. International
recognition and cooperation Masato Kanda, president of the Asian Development Bank, in
2025 recognized Uzbekistan as a model for the world in the field of “green” energy, which
confirms the country's achievements in this field; As part of the 2023 agreement with Japan,
cooperation on the training of personnel and the introduction of green technologies has been
strengthened. 2. New initiatives in the green economy In 2024-2025, Uzbekistan
implemented a number of new initiatives to develop the green economy. 1. Green certificate
system Since June 1, 2023, a system of “green certificates” has been introduced to limit the
environmental impact on the production of products. This system encourages industrial
enterprises to switch to environmentally friendly technologies. 2. Rational use of water In
2024, water-saving irrigation technologies were introduced on an area of 1 million hectares,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1139
which increased the effective use of Water Resources in agriculture by 30%. 3. Green space
project As part of the nationwide project” green space", 200 million seedlings were planted in
2024, with more than 30% of the green spaces of the cities being expanded. 4. Waste
recycling Towards the goal of increasing the recycling rate of solid waste by 65%, new
recycling plants were launched in 2024, providing a 15% increase over 2023. 3. Problems
and limitations Despite the progress made in the transition to a green economy, a number of
problems remain. 1. Infrastructure constraints Energy losses due to aging power grids are still
high (about 15-20%). In 2024, a $ 500 million investment was attracted to modernize the
networks, but not enough. 2. Lack of personnel The number of qualified Green Technology
Professionals is limited. In 2024, new green economy training programs were introduced in
10 higher education institutions, but the training of personnel in this area is still at a slow
pace. 3. Limited financial resources International grants and loans are being attracted to
finance green projects, but local business involvement is low.
In 2024, SMEs ' investment in green technology was only 5%. 4. Proposals and future
prospects The following proposals are of practical importance to accelerate the transition of
Uzbekistan to the green economy: 1. Expansion of tax benefits To extend the period of tax
benefits to enterprises implementing green technologies from 5 to 10 years and expand the
range of benefits. This increases private sector participation. 2. Public-private partnership
(DSC) Attracting international and domestic investments through the development of DXSh
mechanisms. For example, using the experience of Germany to establish special funds for
green projects.
1.
Strengthening international cooperation
Expanding the financing of green infrastructure projects in cooperation with organizations
such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, especially for energy storage
systems and modern power grids.
2.
Training programs
Organization of special faculties in green economics and alternative energy in higher
education institutions and expansion of qualification courses in cooperation with international
universities.
3.
Introduction of digital technology
Wider application of digital platforms in green economy management, such as agricultural
land monitoring and development of specific waste management software.
Conclusion:
Uzbekistan's state policy on the transition to a green economy has made
significant progress in 2024-2025, in particular, the share of renewable energy sources has
approached 10%, water-saving technologies and the green space project have been expanded.
However, outdated infrastructure, lack of qualified personnel, and limited financial resources
remain as problems. To increase efficiency, it is necessary to expand tax incentives, develop
public-private partnerships, strengthen international cooperation and introduce training
programs. Given the local economic structure and social factors, these strategies encourage
Uzbekistan to take important steps towards sustainable development.
References:
1.Decision of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan. "Strategy for transition to ‘green’
economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2019-2030" (lex.uz)
2.Vashalova T. V. "Ekologicheskie osnovi prirodopolzovania. Ustoychivoe razvitie
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1140
3.Sharipov Kongiratbay Avezimbetovich. "Priorities of the’ Green' Economy Development
Strategy in our country " (2024) pp. 16-25.
4.Rasulev D.M., Almuradov A.A., Khomidov S.O. "Handbook: State Economic Policy"
(2025) Chapter 5 pp. 120-150
