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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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UO‘T: 631.315.4
IMPROVED TEMPORARY DITCH DIGGING MACHINE
A.A.Jurayev, J.U.Ruzikulov, T.O.Amrulloyev
Bukhara State Technical University
timur777bek@gmail.com
Annotation:
The article describes research on improving the temporary ditch digging device. In
order to reduce the traction resistance of the trencher and dig a high-quality trench, flat discs are
installed in front of the trencher at a distance of 18-20 cm from each other. During excavation,
the slope of the temporary ditch was maintained at the required level due to the partial
disintegration of the soil layer due to the rotational movement of the disk, and the issue of
maintaining the uniformity of the side walls of the temporary ditch was addressed.
Keywords:
Irrigation, temporary ditch, disk, trencher, deformation, overturning, plow, skid
steer.
Today, special attention is paid in our Republic to further improving the reclamation of
irrigated lands, developing the network of irrigation facilities, and widely introducing intensive
methods into agricultural production, and, above all, modern techniques and technologies that
save water and resources. In this regard, the use of modern water-saving technologies, the
constant maintenance of irrigation networks, and the creation and application of energy-saving
equipment and technologies in production are of great importance.
It is known that improving the land reclamation condition and increasing crop
productivity depend on irrigation. Irrigation networks are used to irrigate agricultural crops.
Irrigation networks are divided into permanent and temporary networks according to their
duration of use. Temporary irrigation networks are removed at the beginning of the irrigation
season and leveled at the end of the irrigation season. To dig temporary networks, levelers are
used: they are selected taking into account the ability of the ditch to pass water from 20 - 40
1/sec. to 100 - 200 1/sec.
In irrigated agriculture of our republic, KOP-500A, KZU-0.5, KPU-2000A, KBN-0.35,
KZU-0.3 ditch diggers are used to create temporary irrigation networks for irrigation of crops.
These trench diggers must perform the tasks of excavating the soil, lifting the excavated soil,
placing it on one or both sides of the canal bank, and pushing it, as well as leveling and
smoothing its surface, as well as ensuring its slope. The main disadvantage of this trencher is
that it requires a lot of energy to dig trenches in hard areas, in areas with low humidity, the
amount of large lumps increases, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the loosening, and due
to excessive deformation, the geometric shape of the working columns is lost. These include the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1618
large amount of force required to pull the working equipment during the trench digging process,
high soil resistance, and high water absorption due to insufficient compaction of the trench
bottom.
a)
b)
a) trencher. 1 – ploughshare; 2 – main frame; 3 – hanging device; 4 – support wheel; 5 –
working div; b) rectifier. 1, 5 – hanging device; 2, 3 – mechanism for changing the coverage
width; 4 – main frame; 6, 7 – ploughshare; 8, 9 – right and left tilting surface working bodies
1 – picture. General view of the KBN-0.35 device
As you know, the main function of temporary ditches is to meet the water needs of crops
in a timely manner. To do this, a requirement is set for the water required from the canal, for
example, to a cotton field, to be delivered at a rate of 70...100
m
3
per hectare. In this case, we
can determine the one-time irrigation consumption for 1 ha of land required by plants using the
irrigation rate (
m
3
/ha) as follows:
t
m
Q
=
86400
1000
(ha)
l/sek
Where – m is the irrigation rate m
3
/ha; t – Irrigation frequency is daily.
If you pay attention to the formula, the irrigation rate takes into account the type of plant
or the conditions of the soil where it is grown. However, our experiences show that, taking into
account the climatic conditions and soil structure of the Bukhara oasis, it is not appropriate to
regulate water in this way and select temporary canals to bring water to it. Therefore, in order to
increase the efficiency of the temporary ditch digger, we have installed flat disks at a distance
of 18-20 cm from each other in the front of the device, taking into account the above, to soften
the soil, reduce resistance, and improve the soil fraction, and a roller with a radius of 20 cm and
a coverage width of 30 cm was installed in order to compact the bottom of the dug temporary
ditch.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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1- frame, 2, 5- central and adjacent discs, 3- overturner, 4- skein.
1 – picture. General view of the improved temporary ditch digging machine.
The improved trencher consists of a frame 1, a main working device 3 mounted on it,
rotating disks 2, 5 mounted on its front, and a roller 4 installed to compact the trench bottom.
Flat discs are mounted on a special bracket using a connecting rod - an axle. Instead of a sliding
ski at the rear of the trencher, a spring-loaded roller is attached to the trencher frame using a
screw nut and a specially welded handle.
When studying the canal digging process of a canal digger equipped with discs, it was
found that the discs slide in the soil. The slip coefficient depends on the cutting depth, and as
the discs get larger, the slip increases. However, when the discs move along the soil while
sliding, the front part of the cutter, which is immersed in the soil, has a non-slip cutting area.
A study of the traction force and agronomic evaluation of the quality of work of disk
devices showed that:
1. As the disk diameter increases, the drag force and the force per disk decrease;
2. As the mounting angle between the discs and the towline increases, the total force, the
force per disc, and the coverage per unit increase.
3. In this case, the total force can be calculated using the following empirical relationship:
,
10
15
,
1
/
/
a
+
=
o
P
P
here
/
o
P
–
0
=
a
gravitational force in the conditions;
a
– the angle of installation of the discs relative to the line of traction;
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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4. Increasing the angle of the discs relative to the traction line by more than 15 degrees
does not significantly improve the level of cushioning, but it does lead to an increase in traction
force, as well as an increase in the percentage of turf removal from the field surface;
5. As the distance between the disks increases, the drag per unit area decreases, while the
drag per disk increases until each disk passes an independent path.
The test results of improved trench diggers without discs and with discs, with indicators
in various soil conditions, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Soil
Cutting force
Cutting depth with disc h, sm
0 (without a
knife)
25
50
75
Peaty
P, kg
P, %
7 450
100
6 650
89
6 120
82
6 075
80.9
Medium
loam
soil,
W=18%
P, kg
P, %
13 960
100
14 700
105.2
15 680
112.2
–
–
The technological process of the improved trencher is as follows: during operation, the
trencher is mounted on the back of the tractor and brought into working position. The forward
movement of the tractor causes the working equipment to be lowered into the soil to a certain
depth. During the temporary trench digging process, flat cutting discs placed at a certain
distance from each other are immersed in the soil and, as a result of contact with the soil, rotate
around their axis to cut the soil in front of the trencher at a specified depth. The cut soil layer is
pushed to the side by the trencher, forming a channel. As a result, the pulling resistance force
decreases during the operation of the unit. During the trench digging process, the slope and
geometric shape of the trench side are uniform due to the cutting of the soil layer using discs,
and a high-quality trench is formed as a result of the compaction of the trench bottom by the
installed rollers.
Thus, an energy-efficient trencher equipped with the recommended discs can reduce fuel
consumption by up to 15% and increase productivity by 1.5 times compared to the existing
device when digging temporary ditches.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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page 1621
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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