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THE ROLE OF HYDROENERGY IN UZBEKISTAN’S ENERGY SYSTEM
Abdurakhmanov Akhmadjon Makhammadovich
Senior Lecturer of the Andijan State Technical Institute, Uzbekistan, Andijan
Annotation:
More than 45 hydroelectric power stations are used to meet the national economy
of the republic, including agriculture, and their age is 30-40 years or more.
Currently, the total installed power of power plants belonging to "Uzbekenergo" JSC is 14140
MW. Of them, 12,129 MW are due to thermal power plants and 1,878.7 MW are to hydropower
plants. Natural gas, fuel oil, and coal are used as fuel in thermal power stations.
All the energy resources of Uzbekistan have developed operational resources, and their further
use can lead to a decrease in the stability and efficiency of power plants.
Key words:
hydropower, power plant, derivation.
Аннотация:
Для нужд народного хозяйства республики, включая сельское хозяйство,
задействовано более 45 гидроэлектростанций, возраст которых составляет 30-40 лет и
более.
В настоящее время общая установленная мощность электростанций, входящих в состав
АО «Узбекэнерго», составляет 14140 МВт. Из них 12129 МВт приходится на тепловые
электростанции, а 1878,7 МВт - на гидроэлектростанции. В качестве топлива на
тепловых электростанциях используются природный газ, мазут, уголь.
Все энергетические ресурсы Узбекистана имеют выработанный эксплуатационный
ресурс, и их дальнейшее использование может привести к снижению устойчивости и
эффективности работы электростанций.
Ключевые слова:
гидроэнергетика, электростанция, деривация.
Annotatsiya:
Respublika xalq xo ‘jaligini, shu jumladan qishloq xo jaligini elekt enegiyasiga
bo'lgan ehtiyojini qondirish uchun 45 dan ortiq GES ishlatiladi, ularni yoshi 30-40 yil va undan
koproqni tashkil qiladi.
Bu inshootlar arzon elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarishi bilan strategik va hayotiy ahamiyatga ega.
Hozirgi kunda “O'zbekenergo” DAKiga tegishli elektrostansiyalarning umumiy o'rnatilgan
kuvvati 14140 MVt ni tashkil qiladi. Ulardan 12129 MVti issiqlik elektrostansiyalari hisobiga
va 1878,7 MVti esa gidroelektrostansiyalarga to’g’ri keladi. Issiqlik elektrostansiyalarda
yoqilg'i sifatida tabiiy gaz, mazut, ko‘mir ishlatiladi.
O'zbekistonning energetik quvvatlarining barchasi ekspluatasiya resurslarini ishlab bo'lgan va
ulardan keyinchalikda foydalanish elektrostansiyalar barqarorligini va tejamligini pasayishiga
olib kelishi mumkin.
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Kalit so’zlar:
gidroenergetika, elektrostansiya, derivatsiya.
Today, the power of any country and the development of society are determined by its energy
supply. However, the growth of energy consumption and the use of organic fuel for its
production lead to global environmental pollution and, as a result, pose a serious threat to
human life.
One of the pressing problems of modern energy is the use of environmentally friendly,
renewable, non-traditional energy sources.
Today, 85% of electricity produced in our republic is generated at thermal power plants running
on organic fuel. Only 14.5% of electricity is generated by hydroelectric power plants (HPPs).
To a large extent, it is recyclable, which means that it can be used repeatedly.
Small hydropower plays an important role in our country, which has rich energy resources.
Hydropower resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan are estimated as follows.
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Since our republic is a developed agricultural country and is located in an arid zone, agricultural
crops are harvested by artificial irrigation.
To supply irrigation water to the irrigation systems of our country, there are 75 large main and
inter-farm canals with a length of 28.6 thousand km and 207 large hydraulic structures on them,
as well as 172.2 thousand km of on-farm irrigation networks with a volume of 19.6 billion
cubic meters. 56 reservoirs with a capacity of 100 thousand m3 and 25 flood-control reservoirs
are in operation.
In small, medium and large rivers of Uzbekistan, the number of planned, operating, under
construction, designed and in the design and survey stage hydroelectric power plants on
irrigation systems is 204.
Of these: 34 hydroelectric power plants in operation (30 Uzbekenergo State Joint Stock
Company, 4 Suvenergo specialized associations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water
Resources of Uzbekistan); 11 mothballed hydroelectric power plants; intended for construction.
The number of hydroelectric power plants for which exploration and design work is underway
is 45; Potential hydroelectric power plants include 12 on rivers, 23 on reservoirs and 79 on
main canals.
Currently, the association has built the following small hydroelectric power plants:
• Hydroelectric power plant on the Topalang reservoir in the Surkhandarya region;
• Hydroelectric power plant on the Akhangaron reservoir in the Tashkent region;
• Hydroelectric power plant on the Gisorak reservoir in the Kashkadarya region;
• Small Gulba hydroelectric power plant on the Dargom canal in the Samarkand region;
• Hydroelectric power plant No. 2 on the Andijan reservoir in the Andijan region;
• Shakhiardon hydroelectric power plant on the small Koksuv river in the Fergana region
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. In addition, it is planned to build the following small hydroelectric power plants:
Design documentation has been developed for the following facilities:
• Shakhrikhan-0 hydroelectric power plant in the Andijan region;
• Shakhrikhan-1 hydroelectric power plant in the Andijan region;
• Pionerskaya hydroelectric power plant of the Chirchik-Bozsu energy cascade in the Tashkent
region;
• Chaudarskaya hydroelectric power plant on the Dargom canal, Samarkand region;
Bogishamol 2 hydroelectric power plant in the Samarkand region;
The economic efficiency of industries is inextricably linked with the competitiveness of the
national economy and the socio-economic development of the country. One of the main factors
in the economic development of any country is energy resources.
Energy resources are divided into non-renewable, renewable sources and nuclear energy.
Systematic management and distribution of these resources is the task of the energy sector of
Uzbekistan, and the role of hydropower in it is quite important. Uzbekistan intends to increase
electricity production from 79.0 billion kWh to 90.6 billion kWh in 2022-2024.
In 2026, Uzbekistan plans to increase the share of "green" energy to 8 thousand MW per year,
which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by 5 million tons in the period
from 2022-2026. By 2030, it is planned to double the energy efficiency of the economy,
bringing the share of renewable energy sources to 25% [2]. In 2022, 74,296.2 million kWh of
electricity was produced in our country, a growth rate of 104.1% compared to 2021. 95.6% of
electricity (70,995.4 million kWh) was produced by large enterprises, 4.4 percent by small
enterprises (Figure 1). Consumption is growing year after year along with production.
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Hydropower potential of Uzbekistan. The basis of water resources of Uzbekistan are glaciers,
rivers, lakes, reservoirs, transboundary rivers and groundwater
The total gross theoretical hydropower potential of the country's rivers is estimated at 88.5
billion kWh per year, of which the technical hydropower potential is 27.4 billion kWh per year.
Currently, about 24% is used.
The Pskem River has the greatest potential (1324 MW) of the studied watercourses in the
republic, which is 45.3 percent of the available hydropower resources of Uzbekistan. The shares
of other large watercourses are: Topalangdarya (292 MW, 10.2%), Chatkal River (243 MW,
8.3%), Sangardak River (149 MW, 5.1%), Koksuv River (96 MW, 3.3%), Akhangaran River
(73 MW, 2.5%), Ugam and Khalkajar Rivers (67 MW, 2.3%) and other rivers (672 MW, 23%)
[4].
In 2022, hydroelectric power plants in Uzbekistan produced about 9% of all electricity. At the
same time, 13 percent of the current capacity was used.
The demand for electricity in the country's energy balance in 2023 will be equal to 84,653.4
million kWh, the contribution of hydropower will be equal to 8 percent (6.8 billion kWh).
Hydropower generation per capita is 168 kWh, per unit area - 13.3 thousand kWh. The annual
technical hydropower potential of the country is about 17.9 billion kWh, in which the share of
small hydropower (HPPs up to 5 MW) is 1.5% or 260 thousand kWh.
The capacity of the energy sector of the republic in relation to the unit of GDP in 2022 is 11.9
billion soums. From this it follows that the share of hydropower generation in GDP is 77,147.7
billion soums or 8.7%. In 2023, all other things being equal, the added value created by
hydroelectric power plants will increase GDP by about 3.8 trillion soums.
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Hydropower rating of regions. During the study, a hydropower rating of regions was compiled
(Table 2), based on the consideration of production indicators of 14 regions.
Table 2.
Hydropower rating of regions of Uzbekistan
№
Territory
Index
Rating
1
Tashkent region
0.68
1
2
Andijan region
0.12
2
3
Syrdarya region
0.07
3
4
Surkhandarya region
0.04
4
5
Khorezm region
0.03
5
6
Tashkent city
0.02
6
7
Namangan region
0.02
7
8
Kashkadarya region
0.01
8
9
Samarkand region
0.01
9
Currently, there are hydroelectric power plants in 9 regions, with the Tashkent region taking
first place in terms of production volume.
Bukhara, Jizzakh and Fergana regions, which do not have hydroelectric facilities, can be
included in the rating due to the construction of a number of micro hydroelectric power plants
with a capacity of up to 500 kW by private investors.
Investments. “Over the past 6 years, the population in the republic has grown by 13%, the
number of industrial enterprises has increased from 45 thousand to 100 thousand. As a result,
the demand for electricity has increased by 35%. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his address to the Oliy Majlis and the people of Uzbekistan on
December 20, 2022, said that the industry needs 25-30 billion dollars in investments.
In 2023-2025, USD 559.4 million in equivalent will be invested in the hydropower sector,
including USD 165.9 million in 2023[5]. In 2023, two new automated hydroelectric power
plants with a capacity of 13.6 MW will be commissioned and one hydroelectric power plant
will be modernized.
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Conclusions and suggestions.
The hydropower potential of Uzbekistan takes into account the water flow in large and small
rivers, canals, water gates and large irrigation ditches, which also determines the possibility of
generating electricity using more than traditional innovative technologies (water waves,
turbulent hydro turbines, screw turbines).
The report of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) on the
development of small hydropower demonstrated the efficiency of a micro hydroelectric power
plant in Indonesia, with a turbulent flow of 13 kW. The new turbine is designed for a flow rate
of 1.5 m3 / s and a height difference of 1.7 m. The cost of one kWh of local energy is $ 0.08,
and the levelized cost of electricity - LCOE (levelized cost of energy) - is $ 0.04. The total
investment cost of the turbine pays off in six years. According to the results of the expert
assessment, approximately 230 thousand US dollars will be spent on purchasing the turbine,
performing 300 m3 of reinforced concrete work in local conditions and launching a micro
turbulent hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 100 kW. This device, when operating at
maximum capacity, generates 864 thousand kWh of electricity per year, and when operating on
a seasonal watercourse - 576 thousand kWh per year. The project, using "green" tariffs and
exemption from all taxes and fees, will pay for itself in 5-7 years.
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The installation of rotating hydro turbines at all water intakes (18.5 thousand units), on canals
in agriculture can provide 1.1 million units or 15 percent of all households with
environmentally friendly electricity. Using innovative technologies and the country's
hydroelectric potential in the production of electricity, it is possible to significantly increase the
share of GNP in the regions and more fully ensure the continuity of energy supply, reduce the
energy intensity of GDP in the near future and bring it closer to the level of developed countries,
and also serve the further development of the economy of our republic.
References:
1. Ibragimov I.A., Juraev U.A., Inomov D.I. Hydromorphological dependencies A
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https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012090
2. H. Ismagilov, I. Ibragimov. Hydraulic parameters on a curved section of the river bed
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5. Tanzila Norboeva O‘zbekiston Senati raisi https://kun.uz/news/2022/11/18/ozbekiston-
mintaqaviy-iqlim-kengashi-tashkil-etishni-taklif-qildi
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June-August, 2016
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