INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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SPEECH AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Erkayeva Yulduz Bekmurodovna
Intern of the Department of Distance Education in the
areas of preschool and primary education
of the correspondence department of the JDPU
Annotatsiya:
Maqolada nutqning paydo bo'lishi, nutqning fiziologik asosi, nutq turlarining
psixologik tavsiflanishi, verbal va noverbal nutq shakllari atroflicha tahlil qilingan.
Kalit so'zlar
: nutq, stereotip, fizionomiya, imo-ishoralar, noverbal, verbal, mimika,
pantomimika, monolog, dialog.
Аннотация:
В статье подробно анализируются возникновение речи, физиологические
основы речи, психологическая характеристика типов речи, вербальных и невербальных
форм речи.
Ключевые слова:
речь, стереотип, физиогномика, жесты, невербальное, вербальное,
мим, пантомима, монолог, диалог.
Speech is the main means of communication of people. Without speech, a person cannot
receive and transmit a large amount of information. Without written speech, a person would be
deprived of the opportunity to know how people of previous generations lived, their thoughts
and deeds. He would not have the opportunity to convey his thoughts and feelings to others.
Thanks to speech as a means of communication, a person's personal consciousness is not
limited to his personal experience, but is enriched by the experience of other people, and more
direct knowledge is achieved than in other processes other than observation and speech. is
carried out through intuition: it allows for perception, attention, imagination, memory and
thinking. Through speech, the psychology and experience of a person become available to other
people, enriching them, contributing to their development. Before the emergence of speech,
humanity used gestures.
The speech and speech activity of our ancient ancestors performed the same function in
modern people as they do in modern people. In those times, due to the limited scope of
information and data, people successfully used non-verbal speech for many periods.
If we consider the problem of when speech appeared in humans, we can single out a number
of points that significantly influenced the emergence of this mental phenomenon in humans.
The starting point here is work, or rather, a joint form of activity, as a result of which an urgent
need for communication arises. In phylogenesis, speech initially acted only as a means of direct
communication between people, a means of instantaneous exchange of information between
them. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that many animals have developed means of
communication. For example, in chimpanzees we find relatively highly developed speech,
which in some ways resembles a person. However, chimpanzee speech expresses only the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1673
organic needs of animals and their subjective states. This is a system of emotional-expressive
expressions, but never a symbol or sign of something outside the animal. The language of
animals does not contain the meanings that human speech is rich in, and even more so. In
various forms of gestural and pantomimic communication of chimpanzees, emotional and
expressive movements are in the first place, although they are very bright, rich in shapes and
shades.
If in the Uzbek nation a thought is expressed by nodding forward, then in the Bulgarians
the same meaning is conveyed by shaking the head. In one nation, counting begins with a nod,
in another with a sneer, in one with fingers bent, in the other it is not done.
Based on ethnic stereotypes, a silent, but meaningful, meaningful type of movement
expressed in the transmission and reception of certain experiences, certain information in the
process of interpersonal communication is called gestural speech.
Mimicry is a type of nonverbal speech that is manifested in interpersonal communication
through facial expressions (physiognomy), responses to the thoughts of others, and changes in
the color of div parts.
Nonverbal speech can be conditionally divided into the following types: 1) soundless: a)
gesture, b) mimicry d) pantomime, e) dactylolog; 2) sound: a) exological (echo), b)
signification (conditional signs, signals, models).
Oral speech is one of the types of speech that emerged after the nonverbal category and
conditionally includes the following speech forms: monological, dialogical, polylogical,
external, internal, expressive, impressive, laconic (cry, drop), affective (feeling, anger).
There are two types of speech: dialogical and monological, each of which has its own
characteristics. The dialogical form of speech (a conversation between two or more people,
questions and their answers) is an incomplete (short) answer. The main features of dialogic
speech are incomplete, consisting of exclamatory words, clear intonation expressiveness
(expression), gestures, etc. In dialogic speech, it is very important to be able to formulate and
ask questions, give an answer relevant to the question heard, express the necessary objection,
correct and supplement the interlocutor's answer, discuss and criticize, justify one's opinion, etc.
Monologue speech is the speech of one person and requires a broad, clear, complete, connected
thought from the speaker. Monologue narrative explanation requires the speaker to focus his or
her thoughts on the main thing, to speak vividly, figuratively, with emotion.
1. Tikheyeva, A. Sh. Usova, A. M. Mukhina, L. A. Penevskaya, M. M. Konina, O. I. Solovyova
and others in their scientific research in the field of coherent speech attach great importance to
the guiding role of the educator in the development of coherent speech in children. They state
the following idea: "If classes aimed at coherent speech are carried out continuously
(systematically), consciously guided by the educator, children develop the ability to connect
their thoughts and speak."
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1674
According to its vital meaning, speech has a multifunctional nature. It is not only a means
of communication, but also a means of thinking, a carrier of consciousness, memory,
information (written texts), a means of controlling the behavior of other people and regulating
the behavior of a person himself. According to the multiplicity of its functions, speech is a
polymorphic activity, i.e. it is presented in various forms for different functional purposes:
external, internal, monologue, dialogue, written, oral, etc. Although these forms of speech are
related to each other, their vital purpose is not the same. For example, external speech, for the
most part, plays the role of a means of communication, internal - a means of thinking. Written
speech often acts as a way to memorize information. A monologue is one-sided, and a dialogue
serves a two-way process of information exchange.
It is important to distinguish language from speech. Their main differences are as follows.
Language is a system of conventional signs, with the help of which a combination of sounds
that has a certain meaning and meaning for people is transmitted. On the other hand, speech is a
set of pronounced or perceived sounds that have the same meaning and have the same meaning
as the corresponding system of written signs. Language is the same for all people who use it,
speech is uniquely its own. Speech expresses the psychology of an individual or a group of
people, for whom these features of speech are characteristic, language reflects the psychology
of the people who are it, and not only living people, but all people who have ever lived. before
and spoke in this language.
In conclusion, it can be said that speech is a means of communication, and a person can
express his emotional state through speech. From the time of the emergence of man to the
present, human speech has been formed. In the early stages of the emergence of humanity, they
communicated through gestures, but later, as a result of the formation of the vocal apparatus
and psychological development, oral speech was formed.
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2. B.M. Umarov. Psychology. Textbook. - T., 2012.
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4. Tashkent: "Teacher" NMIU, 2008. - 304 p.
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