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TYPOLOGY AND LEXICOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF TOURISM TERMS IN
UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Alikulova Mokhinur Nurali kizi
Information technologies and management university
Abstract:
Theoretical lexicography studies the history of lexicography, types of dictionaries,
requirements for dictionaries, critical analysis of existing dictionaries, practical lexicography
deals with the study, collection, improvement and consumption of a particular word group.
Practical lexicography involves the application of general theoretical foundations and rules of
lexicography in the process of creating a dictionary.
Keywords:
lexicography, tourism terms, bilingual dictionary, a language dictionary,
lexicographer, equivalent
Consensus on the essence of the term lexicography and its recognition as a science is
also a relatively recent phenomenon in linguistics. Lexicography consists of theoretical and
practical sections that coexist and function in harmony with each other. While theoretical
lexicography studies the history of lexicography, types of dictionaries, requirements for
dictionaries, critical analysis of existing dictionaries, practical lexicography deals with the study,
compilation, improvement and consumption of a certain type of vocabulary. Practical
lexicography involves the application of general theoretical principles and rules of lexicography
in the process of creating a dictionary. Lexicography is still a very young field of science, and
researches in this field are not enough in comparison with other branches of linguistics.
According to famous lexicographer L. Zgust, there are only twenty significant works on
lexicography in the world lexicographic community. Dictionaries have long been designed not
only to provide information related to the translation or use of a particular word, but also to
expand people's intercultural secular knowledge. Although it is known that the culture of
different peoples contributes to the formation of tourism terms as a separate terminological
system of the field, encyclopedic information about these cultures and the etymology of related
terms remains an integral part of special dictionaries. It also serves to fully understand the
content of the text, the mood in it and the concept of "text culture". Especially in such important
areas as fundamental sciences, modern communication and information technologies, banking
and financial systems, the use of our language, etymological and comparative dictionaries.
There is no doubt that the development of the necessary terms and expressions, concepts and
categories, in a word, the all-round development of the Uzbek language on a scientific basis
will serve such noble goals as the awareness of national identity, a sense of homeland. There
are basically two types of dictionaries: encyclopedic and philological [2002; 82].
Terminological dictionaries, which are the subject of our research, are part of
specialized dictionaries, which are a smaller section of philological dictionaries. Special
dictionaries can take the form of both annotated (i.e. monolingual) and translated (i.e., at least
bilingual) dictionaries related to a specific field (specialty) of science and technology. The task
of terminological dictionaries is to interpret terms of a specific area and to clarify their content.
They serve as the basis for the required field. For this reason, such dictionaries are also called
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"dictionaries of some industries” [2006; 56]. The history of the tradition of creating a dictionary
in our country begins with the Devon lug'atit Turk of the 11th century in Kashgari. Since then,
many dictionaries have been created: “Mukaddammatul Adab” (The Fourth Language
Dictionary of the XII century), "Attukhfatuz zakiyati fil-lug'atit-turkia" (XIII century), Badoe-
ul-lug'at (15th century), Abushka (16th century), Kelurnoma (17th century), Muntahab ul-lug'at
(18th century), Sanglo (18th century), "Dictionary of the Chigaty and Ottoman Turks"(XIX
century), "Comparative Dictionary of Türko-Tatar Dialects", "Experience of the Turkic dialect",
"Russian-Sart and Sart-Russian dictionary" (1884-1912), Concise Russian-Uzbek Dictionary
(1926), "The Perfect Russian-Uzbek Dictionary" (1927- 28), Concise Uzbek-Russian
Dictionary (1927), Uzbek-Russian Dictionary (1931), "Russian-Uzbek complete dictionary"
(1934), "Concise Uzbek-Russian Dictionary" (1935), Russian-Uzbek Dictionary (1942).
However, the creation of terminological dictionaries belongs to a new era – the second half of
the twentieth century [1992; 113]. From the point of view of world statistics, dictionaries were
compiled four thousand years ago to explain certain religious concepts, giving an idea of the
religions that existed in the Middle East, they are considered the first specialized dictionaries
[1995; 10]. Decades ago, just by looking at the ability to collect existing words and put them
into a collection, the complexity and responsibility of lexicography that was incorporated into
technical specialties could be seen from a small number of high functional value vocabularies in
practice. Lexicography is an interdisciplinary science.
Achievements of science and technology, as well as the development of the socio-
political and economic life of countries require a constant expansion of the vocabulary of
languages, the addition of new lexical units and obsolescence of obsolete ones. Sometimes new
units enter the dictionary under the new name of an existing concept. E.A. Zemskaya points out
how difficult it is to learn new words when they are not associated with old ones, and that the
relationship of words in a language is a reflection of the relationship between the real object of
existence and events. Thus, the finalization and regulation of terminology in each area remains
one of the urgent problems of modern lexicography. The fact that terminological systems are
free from confusion, clearly and systematized is a factor that determines the culture, spirituality
and literacy of a country. However, the lexicography of terms is a relatively young aspect of
theoretical and practical lexicography, and it still has many problems.
1. The first problem is associated with the ambiguity of terms, which is found in the
terminological system of all industries. In fact, terms should clearly express the nature of the
concept in a particular area, and its scope should be limited to that area only. Their important
feature is that they are unambiguous in nature and do not have emotionally expressive
associations, which distinguishes them from ordinary words. Indeed, the lexical meaning of the
terms also requires this (the term comes from the Latin word terminus, meaning "border",
"boundary marker", "restriction" [2006; 50].
2. The second urgent problem is the meaning of terms. This leads to the abstraction and
confusion associated with their consumption. In fact, the development of society requires that
one of the significant options be excluded from the dictionary in the course of sociocultural
selection. In this case, an option falls out of consumption that does not accurately express the
content of the concept it expresses or causes inconvenience in the application (due to the fact
that it consists of graphics, a sound shell, a large number of components). But this will take
time. For this reason, terminological dictionaries are constantly being updated and refined.
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3. The next problem arises due to the fact that a specific term does not fully correspond
to the essence of the concept it represents. The reason is to consider the translation of terms
from a foreign language as an artificial and technical process, and not to be creative. As a result,
the term loses its functional value and is depreciated. The scope of the terms introduced should
be limited, clear and understandable and applied consistently in this voluntary context.
4. The next drawback is associated with the excessive length (more precisely,
multicomponent) terms. Compactness and ease of use are critical for terminology units. “In
such artificial conditions, first of all, the economy of speech is disturbed, which, in turn,
negatively affects thinking. Secondly, the probability of an elliptical phenomenon (loss of
speech elements) increases” [2006; 56].
Speaking in particular about the Uzbek language, the peculiarities of our language often
require the translation of a one-component term from a foreign language as a combination of
two or more components. For this reason, when developing terminological systems, it is very
important to achieve maximum conciseness by critically approaching this process, without
resorting to blind translation and using the rich internal capabilities of our language. In general,
the formation of compound terms using the syntactic method is one of the most effective
methods in any language, as evidenced by the fact that in any terminological system there are
more compound terms than singlecomponent terms. In fact, according to the universal opinion
existing in linguistics, one-component terms are considered basic terms, and many other terms
are derived from them (For example, tourism → tourism industry → green tourism, etc.). The
microcomposition problems of a special dictionary are associated with the choice of
lexicographic details of the actual dictionary entry. A comparative study of terminological
dictionaries in the tourism sector showed that the lexicographic details used in these
dictionaries can be divided into several groups.
Literature:
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collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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