INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2008
PRINCIPLES OF COMPOUND WORD ANALYSIS
Abdullaeva Gavkharoy
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages Graduate Student
Andijan region, Andijan district ,Xrabek ,Islomobod street
Abstract:
In this article, the authors attempt to present their observations on the components of
the methods for comparative analysis of compound words in modern English and Uzbek. The
authors focus on the comparative analysis of compound words in English and Uzbek as the
main research material. During the preparation of the article, the authors critically approach the
views of English and Uzbek linguists and boldly express their own observations. This article
could be useful for those studying English and Uzbek lexicology.
Keywords:
compound word, phraseological, affixal, auxiliary word, addition, transformation
In this study, one of our main goals is to analyze the composition of compound words in
the languages being compared. The point is that before conducting such an analysis, we must
distinguish between the concepts of “compound word" and "derived word." A derived word is
usually formed by adding affixes (prefixes before and suffixes after) to a root. In the Russian
language, such words are called "proizvodnыe slova." It should be noted that this term can also
include words formed through affixation, conversion, and abbreviation methods since all of
them are created by changing their original form. However, considering the possible
terminological confusion, we distinguish compound words as a special group separate from
other derived words. In relevant scientific research, words formed through both affixation and
the combination of two roots are referred to by the same term.
When analyzing the components of a compound word, one of the key principles is
whether the components can stand as independent units or not. For example, words formed by
affixation (e.g., friendship, sportsmanship, or “do‘st-lik” in Uzbek) are composed of a root and
affixes, which cannot stand alone as independent language units in speech. In contrast, when
the components of compound words are separated, they can form new meaningful compound
words. For instance: headache, stomachache, oshpichoq, oshqovoq, etc.
In this research, we also analyze the composition of compound words that are part of
phraseological combinations. From a structural perspective, a word is a unit that can be divided
into elements, and these elements can create new formations. According to the definition of
linguists like Prof. A.I. Smirnitskiy and Prof. Ye.S. Kubryakova, the base of a word is the part
that remains when affixes are removed. They argue that a word’s base can be divided into
simple (root) and compound components. A simple root consists of a single word, while a
compound root is made up of several parts.
In the case of non-inflecting languages, like English, this approach can be applied,
whereas for inflecting languages like Uzbek, the root, base, and affix can be distinguished
separately.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2009
According to I.P. Ivanova, the base of a word is considered a sound unit that can serve
as the foundation for creating new words. This definition helps in separating the base from
other components when analyzing a word’s structure. Understanding the structure of a word
also requires studying the phonemes that make up the word. Research by N.V. Vargina focuses
on this aspect.
Among compound word models, compound words hold a special place. The main
distinguishing feature of compound words is that while derived words follow a basic “root +
affix” model, compound words generally follow a “root + root” formula. The elements of
compound words can consist of two or more components.
When determining the nature of compound words, their written form is also significant.
Historically, words whose bases were combined were written together. More recently created
compound words are written with a hyphen (-), such as birthday, timetable, handicraft,
tradesman (nouns), Anglo-Saxon, good-looking (adjectives), tiptoe (verb), everything
(pronoun), etc. There is also a group of compound words in which their components are linked
by certain connectors, such as bread-and-butter, man-of-war, mother-in-law, up-to-date.
In describing the nature of compound words, some linguists recommend using the
transformational method. For example, the phrase "garden party" could be transformed into a
sentence like "The party is in the garden" to reveal its essence. While this method might be
useful in some cases, it’s not always applicable. For example, in analyzing phrases like up-to-
date, Anglo-Saxon, or bookcase, this approach might not always be effective.
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