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THE MODERN WAY OF DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER
IN DIFFERENT AGES
Akhmedova Shaxnoza Eshnazarovna
Navoi Branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical
Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology
Farmonova Madina Qahramonovna
Bukhara state medical institute
Annatation:
Given that clinical prognosis still exhibits significant variability and is challenging
to predict, more and more studies have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for the
diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer. A study has revealed that, compared to the younger
group, elderly patients (≥65) with cervical squamous carcinoma have a higher frequency of gene
mutations. Moreover, these mutations are considered potential prognostic markers in the old
populations.
The analysis of patients with cervical pathology showed that 67% of the 2 main
groups of patients had a certain number of diseases with the term cervical erosion. It is known
that cervical erosion is a disease that is very rare and indicates desquamation of the epithelium, in
this case, etiotropic treatment is recommended instead of destructive treatment. Many patients
were treated with various destructive methods without additional examination and without an
accurate diagnosis.
Key words:
cervical cancer, gene mutation, cervical erosion, prognostic markers.
Relevance:
Cervical cancer is a significant global health burden, consistently ranked as the
third most prevalent cancer among females over the past decade. Despite advancements in
screening and treatment, it remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women
in undeveloped countries.
[10]
Age has been recognized as a pivotal factor influencing the
prognosis and treatment outcomes of cervical cancer patients. The estimated incidence of
cervical cancer varies widely among countries, with a global age-related incidence rate of 13.1
per 100,000 women.
[9]
Notably, the disease’s biological behavior and response to therapies have
been found to vary significantly across different age groups, prompting researchers to
investigate the underlying mechanisms and develop tailored treatment strategies for each
cohort.
[10]
The elimination of cervical cancer rests on high efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)
vaccines. The HPV type distribution among cases of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is used to
make predictions about the impact of eliminating different types of HPV, but accumulating
evidence of differences in age-specific cancer incidence by HPV type exists. We used one of
the largest population-based series of HPV genotyping of ICCs (n = 2,850; Sweden, 2002–2011)
to estimate age-specific ICC incidence by HPV type and obtain estimates of the
cancerprotective impact of the removal of different HPV types. In the base case, the age-
specific ICC incidence had 2 peaks, and the standardized lifetime risk (SLTR, the lifetime
number of cases per birth cohort of 100,000 females) for HPV-positive ICC was 651 per
100,000 female births. In the absence of vaccine types HPV 16 and HPV 18, the SLTR for ICC
was reduced to 157 per 100,000 female births (24% of HPV-positive SLTR). Elimination of all
9 types that can currently be vaccinated against reduced the remaining SLTR to 47 per 100,000
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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page 2246
female births (7%), the remaining ICC incidence only slowly increasing with age. In conclusion,
after elimination of vaccine-protected HPV types, very few cases of ICC will be left, especially
among fertile, reproductive-age women.
The underlying genetic predisposition to the outcome may vary with age and other risk
factors, reflecting the underlying molecular mechanisms shaping the onset distribution.
[4-
6]
Younger women diagnosed with cervical cancer often exhibit distinct clinical characteristics
and experience more aggressive disease courses. An epidemiologic and clinical analysis of
cervical cancer from Japan showed that young patients in the radiotherapy group had a worse
prognosis.
[6-8]
Another case-control study demonstrated that certain genetic polymorphisms are
the risk factor and can significantly reduce the risk of younger patients (≤49).
[9]
However, a
retrospective study provided data showing that the elderly population has much lower
compliance and completion rates with surgery, RT, or chemotherapy as recommended standard
practices.
[9-10]
Therefore, understanding the pathogenic differences among age groups is
essential for optimizing treatment approaches and improving overall survival rates.
Given that clinical prognosis still exhibits significant variability and is challenging to predict,
[8-
9]
more and more studies have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for the diagnosis and
prognosis of cervical cancer. A study has revealed that, compared to the younger group, elderly
patients (≥65) with cervical squamous carcinoma have a higher frequency of PIK3CA
mutations. Moreover, these mutations are considered potential prognostic markers in the old
populations.
[9-10]
Another recent study has reported that a high level of TMEM33 expression can
independently predict the prognosis of cervical cancer and correlate negatively with regulatory
T cells and mast cells.
[11]
However, comprehensive molecular characteristics and prognostic
markers for patients in different age groups have yet to be fully elucidated.
In this study, we aim to explore the distinct carcinogenic characteristics of cervical cancer
patients at different onset ages and establish a general prognostic model. Through a
comprehensive analysis of genomic and transcriptomic differences between younger and
elderly onset groups, we seek to elucidate molecular markers driving cancer initiation,
progression, and treatment response in 2 age groups. The insights gained from this study will
contribute to the progress of personalized medicine in the management of cervical cancer,
ultimately enhancing survival rates and the quality of life for patients of all age ranges.
The underlying genetic predisposition to the outcome may vary with age and other risk factors,
reflecting the underlying molecular mechanisms shaping the onset distribution.
[7-10]
Younger
women diagnosed with cervical cancer often exhibit distinct clinical characteristics and
experience more aggressive disease courses. An epidemiologic and clinical analysis of cervical
cancer from Japan showed that young patients in the radiotherapy group had a worse
prognosis.
[8]
Another case-control study demonstrated that certain genetic polymorphisms are
the risk factor and can significantly reduce the risk of younger patients (≤49).
[9]
However, a
retrospective study provided data showing that the elderly population has much lower
compliance and completion rates with surgery, RT, or chemotherapy as recommended standard
practices.
[10-11]
Therefore, understanding the pathogenic differences among age groups is
essential for optimizing treatment approaches and improving overall survival rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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page 2247
Given that clinical prognosis still exhibits significant variability and is challenging to
predict,
[11]
more and more studies have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for the
diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer. A study has revealed that, compared to the younger
group, elderly patients (≥65) with cervical squamous carcinoma have a higher frequency of
PIK3CA mutations. Moreover, these mutations are considered potential prognostic markers in
the old populations.
[10-11]
Another recent study has reported that a high level of TMEM33
expression can independently predict the prognosis of cervical cancer and correlate negatively
with regulatory T cells and mast cells.
[8]
However, comprehensive molecular characteristics and
prognostic markers for patients in different age groups have yet to be fully elucidated.
In this study, we aim to explore the distinct carcinogenic characteristics of cervical cancer
patients at different onset ages and establish a general prognostic model. Through a
comprehensive analysis of genomic and transcriptomic differences between younger and
elderly onset groups, we seek to elucidate molecular markers driving cancer initiation,
progression, and treatment response in 2 age groups. The insights gained from this study will
contribute to the progress of personalized medicine in the management of cervical cancer,
ultimately enhancing survival rates and the quality of life for patients of all age ranges.
The Aim of the Study:
To study the position of the cervix and the tactics of cervical pathology in women who underwent
total hysterectomy and did not undergo surgery due to uterine fibroids.
Material and Methods:
100 patients with uterine fibroids of two groups, with controlled uterine fibroids aged from 26 to
55 years, with an average of 37.3 ±0.8 uterine fibroids were analyzed.
Group 1 - 70 cases of uterine fibroids treated surgically;
By the 2nd group, 30 aèl departments have been organized, which are under the supervision
of a dispensary with uterine fibroids.
The control group consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 38.2±0.8 years, who had no
pathology in the uterine div.
Results:
During the examination of patients, the main emphasis was placed on the presence of pathology in
the div and cervix during ananesia. The means and methods of contraception used by the
patient were also emphasized. The main attention was paid to the complaints of patients, the
factors of the development of diseases of the div and cervix were considered. The effectiveness
of earlier treatment has been thoroughly studied. On average, 37.3±0.8 patients were examined,
from 26 to 55 patients.
This is an examination and revision of the cervix area, the condition of the vagina and vulva, in
which the epithelial layer of the cervix is enlarged 15 times under a microscope. Colposcopy-
Leisegang‖ is viewed through a colposcope, the position of the epithelial fundus of the bund is
performed in a position of 15-fold magnification. Extended colposcopy was performed according
to a generally accepted technique: the mucous membrane of the cervix is not treated at first, then
treated with 3% acetic acid, at the end it is checked on an aqueous solution of 2% Lugol (Schiller
probe). To evaluate colposcopic lubrication, we used the international colposcopic terminology,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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revised by the International Colposcopic Association (organization), which studies cervical
pathology and colposcopy in Barcelona in 2003.
The material for cytological examination is taken from the upper part of the cervical canal, the
transition zone and the endroservical. The lubricated grease is ground into a mixture of
Nikoforov (1:1 most alcohol and ether) at a temperature of 20 minutes. The preparations are
obtained with chalk based on the papanicolau method: hematoxylin chalk, phosphoric sulfuric
acid and carrot G, then stained with green, brown Bismarck and Y-eosin.
He used the classification of Papanicolaou to evaluate the results of cytological examination. The
result is typical for morphologically altered epithelial cells for the 2nd degree, typical for a
cytogram based on normal cells for the 1st degree, in which there is the appearance or metaplasia
of epithelial cells in an enlarged state of the nucleus, in the 3rd degree there is the appearance of
clearly morphologically altered nuclei, called discariasis, characterized by the appearance of
atypical cells of the 4th degree. Morphological studies of biopsies of the cervix and deeply
located tumors were carried out in the laboratory of pathomorphology.
As a result of colposcopic examination, 22 (31.4%) patients of group 1, 10 (33.3%) patients of
group 2 and 8 (32%) of the control group showed signs of inflammation of the cervix and the
mucous membrane of the cervical canal, exoservicitis. These patients had a red rash that appeared
after treatment with a 3% solution of acetic acid based on hyperemia and edema. After the
transfer of Schiller (cinema) si, it became known that these rashes were not smooth and dense.
The namoen of cervicitis was caused by edema that was visible to the eye around the cervical
canal, where hyperemia and yellowish fluid separated. The colcoscopic type of exoservitis,
which was detected in combination with ectopic elements, was detected in 2 (2.8%) patients of
group 1 and in 1 (3.3%) patients of group 2. During the same period, there was noticeable
hyperemia and swelling of the external mucous membrane of the cervix, as well as a state of
increased secretion of glands. There is also a case of an invisible rash. When analyzed with
Lugol's solution, an uneven spot on the mucous membrane is observed.
Conclusion:
When analyzing the obtained, it can be that when analyzing patients in the group, it was found
that children were infected with infectious diseases and extragenital diseases, and their frequency
was not studied in the group. When analyzing patients with uterine fibroids, infectious and
inflammatory gynecological diseases, mainly cervicitis and chronic salpingoopharitis of the
musculature, attract attention. The analysis of patients with cervical pathology showed that 67%
of the 2 main groups of patients had a certain number of diseases with the term cervical erosion.
It is known that cervical erosion is a disease that is very rare and indicates desquamation of the
epithelium, in this case, etiotropic treatment is recommended instead of destructive treatment.
Many patients were treated with various destructive methods without additional examination and
without an accurate diagnosis.
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Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований женской половой сферы.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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page 2249
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