INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2586
THE MODERNIZATION OF EXECUTIVE POWER IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE
FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
Jahongir Akramov
Associate Professor of the Department of "International Relations"
of the International Academy of Islamic Studies of Uzbekistan
THE SUMMARY
In the article were analyzed the processes of modernization of public administration in the
early years of Independence of Uzbekistan. Based upon various scientific and political sources,
the author elucidates the key trends and factors that determined the directions of
implementation of the modernization ofthe executive power in Uzbekistan in the early years of
Independence.
Keywords:
Modernization, the executive power,the early years of Independence,the President,
the Cabinet of Ministries, Prime-minister, local governance.
It is known that after the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence, there was a need
to establish its own path of development. The basis of such needs was the need to carry out
reforms in the system of Public Administration, that is, to carry out political modernization.
Because the Soviet Union was disintegrated and the totalitarian regime, based on which it was
based, was degraded and the people's confidence in power was increasingly lost. In such a
period, the reform of the management system was considered an important step towards the
recovery of the country.
It is known to all that during the former Soviet system, the governing power was
subordinated to the party's rule, and the leadership of the executive power in the Uzbek SSR
was carried out by the First Secretary of the Central Branch of the Communist Party of
Uzbekistan. The political processes that were in the Soviet Union on the border of the years of
80-90 of the XX century: the policy of” restructuring", the process of understanding the
national identity of the Peoples, etc., lowered the image of the Communist Party and its
ideologies, and the need for the control of the state from the control of the party arose. These
processes, which began in the center, did not show their impact on the republics either. But the
leadership of Uzbekistan noticed such a demand before other republics.Before the independent
Uzbekistan, the following were the first tasks:
a) liquidation of the old administrative-command system, the authorities and
management bodies that are in accordance with it;
b) creation of political-legal, constitutional foundations of new statehood, strengthening
a new system of social relations in the Constitution and laws, a new system of state power
bodies. [1]
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2587
First of all, it should be noted that reforms in the management system, including in the
executive power system, began some time before independence, that is, in March 1990 year.
This situation also demonstrates the importance of political reforms. On March 24, 1990, at the
session of the Supreme Council of the SSR of Uzbekistan adopted the law “on establishment of
the post of President of Uzbekistan and introduction of amendments and additions to the
constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR. As noted in the introductory part of this law, the post of
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan SSR was established “for the purpose of further
development of democratic processes, improvement of political changes, strengthening the
constitutional system, rights, freedoms and security of citizens, improving the interaction of the
Supreme bodies of state power and management of the Republic of Uzbekistan SSR” [2].
Within the framework of this law, a new chapter “president of the Uzbek SSR” was added to
the Constitution of the Uzbek SSR and the political and legal basis of the current management
reform was created. This was later reflected in the creation of the Constitution of independent
Uzbekistan.
The introduction of the post of President of Uzbekistan was, first of all, a serious step
towards the country's aspiration for national independence. Because, as we know, the post of
President is inherent only in sovereign republics. In addition, at that time there was only one in
the former Union – the president of the USSR. The establishment of this position among the
national republics as the first in Uzbekistan can also be based on our above opinion. Secondly,
the introduction of the post of President of the Republic began the process of adaptation of State
Administration in the country to the modern requirements, that is, modernization.
In the early period, the Council of ministers retained its legal status and powers as an
executive div. In particular, the new composition, approved by the Supreme Council of the
Republic on March 30, 1990, consisted of 41 people, namely the chairman, the prime minister,
his two vice chairman, four deputies, 19 ministers, 14 heads of StateCommittees.On November
1, 1990, the Supreme Council adopted a law “on improvement of the structure of executive and
administrative power of Uzbekistan SSR and introduction of amendments and additions to the
constitution (Basic Law) of Uzbekistan SSR”, within which the executive and administrative
power of the presidential administration and the Council of ministers were added.The Council
of ministers was renamed as the Cabinet of Ministers, and the president of the Republic at the
same time became the chairman of the Cabinet of ministers, adding to it, as well as the
President administration. This, in turn, led to the finding of a strong presidential power in the
country.It is worth noting that the problems associated with the disintegration of the former
Union – a sharp decline in production, mass unemployment, the escalation of the ideas of
religious extremism and nationalism, the civil war, beginning in the countrynear the border, the
introduction of a strong presidential authority in the Prevention of political (risks) in the
Republic was of great importance in case of the lack of confidence of the population in the old
party management.November 15, 1990, the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed the
decree “on approval of the composition of the Cabinet of Ministers under the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan”. On the basis of this decree, the national economy was divided into the
branches of agricultural industry, consumer goods, construction-transport, mechanical
engineering, energy, general-industrial, material-technical and Cultural Affairs, its leaders were
established and they were included in the Cabinet of Ministers.This was the next step towards
modernization of executive power.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2588
The post of Vise – President, who heads the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers and
organizes its work, was also established-the main div carrying out the executive power in
Uzbekistan. However, this position did not justify itself. Therefore, in 1992, with the Law
January 4, he was liquidated and the post of Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan was
established. It was established that he heads the Cabinet of Ministers and organizes his work
[3].On August 31, 1991, after the Republic of Uzbekistan declared its state independence,
modernization of the system of Public Administration took a new stage. In particular, new
management structures implementing state sovereignty-the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the
Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the State Scientific and technical
committee, the Supreme Attestation Commission,the National Bank, the Tax Committee and
others-were established.On January 4in 1992, the law “on reorganization of local authorities of
the Republic of Uzbekistan”was adopted.Based on the national statehood experience of the
Uzbek people on the basis of this law, was established the post of Governor. In 1992, for the
first time in the city of Tashkent and 12 regions, 163 rural districts, 18 city districts and 120
cities were appointed and approved governors, their powers were formed.The measures taken to
restore the Institute of governors and the establishment of local government bodies served as
one of the main steps in the formation of a strong authority [4].
The issue of modernization of the new independent state – the system of executive
power of the Republic of Uzbekistan was one of the main research topics of the Constitutional
Commission of the Republic, which has been operating for 2.5 years, and this was expressed in
the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted on December 8, 1992 at the XI session
number XII of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The Constitution of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, like all other spheres, became the main theoretical and legal criterion
for the formation of a new holistic system of executive power. The ideas, objectives of the
Constitution, each article of the Universal Declaration of human rights, other international
documents, democratic principles and values formed in developed democratic countries, have
embodied the traditions of national and oriental State Administration for nearly three thousand
years [5]. In the Constitution, the dividing government into three divisions of power was fixed
firmly and also indicated ways of independent development of the implementation of executive
power.
On the basis of research on the process of modernization of the executive power, which was
carried out in Uzbekistan in the first years of independence, the following conclusions can be
put forward::
These reforms were primarily aimed at ending the party-bureaucratic system deeply
rooted in the management system;
The need for reforms in the system of public administration, including executive power,
was realized in a timely manner. As proof of this, we can show that Uzbekistan SSR
was the first on the forming of presidential position among the former Union republics;
Executive and managerial reforms carried out in Uzbekistan aimed at the introduction of
a strong presidential administration in the country in the state of “transition” as a
priority;
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2589
The reforms of the executive power carried out in 1990-1993s defined the main
directions of the next stages of modernization processes of the system of Public
Administration in Uzbekistan.
In addition to the above conclusions, it is worth noting that the reforms carried out in the first
years of independence in the direction of modernization of executive power have played an
important role in ensuring stability in the country due to the characteristics of its period.
LIST OF USED LITERATURE:
1. Исломов З.М. Ўзбекистон модернизациялаш ва демократик тараққиёт сари. – Т.:
“Ўзбекистон”, 2005. 38—39-бетлар.
2. Азизхўжаев А.А. Давлатчилик ва маънавият. – Т.: “Шарқ”, 1997. 4-бет.
3. Ўзбекистоннинг янги тарихи. Учинчи китоб // Тузувчилар: Н.Жўраев, Т.Файзуллаев;
Таҳрир ҳайъати: А.Азизхўжаев (Раис), Б.Аҳмедов, С.Камолов ва бошқ. / – Т.: “Шарқ”,
2000. 96-бет.
4. Жумаев Р. Давлат ва жамият: Демократлаштириш йўлида. – Т.: “Шарқ”, 1998. 24-бет.
5. Ғойибназаров Ш. Давлат ҳокимияти ва бошқарувини демократлаштириш йўли. – Т.:
“Ўзбекистон”, 2011. 10-бет.
