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The factor of man in modern architecture and building engineering
Tashkent State Transport University
Rakhimova Nozima Bakhtiyorovna
Annotation.
One of the most important directions for ensuring the sustainable development of
society during the modern period of high energy consumption is the rational and efficient use of
energy and resources. one of the urgent directions and main tasks of the modern construction
industry is the rational use of energy resources in the production of building materials and
structures, in the construction and operation of buildings.
Keywords:
Energy, modern, development, resource, construction industry, building materials,
construction.
In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the consumption
of operational energy increases, especially due to the use of air coolants in the summer warm
season. Experts estimate that a large share of energy consumption corresponds to buildings.
Thus, one of the urgent directions and main tasks of the modern construction industry is the rational
use of energy resources in the production of building materials and structures, in the construction
and operation of buildings. Within the framework of this, great importance will be paid to the
design of energy efficient buildings, including the development of based volumetric-Plan
Solutions, their calculation and constructive solutions taking into account the high thermal
protection properties of external wall structures, and the selection of rational and energy-efficient
systems of heating, hot water supply, ventilation and air conditioning.
Energy efficient buildings have become a real reality of today. If from the 70s of the 20th century
such buildings were implemented as separate pilot projects, today the construction of such
buildings is carried out in many countries. This was made possible by the renewal of the relevant
regulatory documents of construction science and practice in response to the demand of society to
save energy resources. According to these documents, the thermal conductivity resistance of
external wall structures has been increased several times. This, in turn, has become a powerful
factor in promoting the production and widespread use of efficient thermal insulation materials
and multi-layer exterior wall structures based on them.
The projects make it possible to conduct an energy audit to assess the effectiveness of the measures
developed to reduce energy consumption in the operation of buildings. In addition, if it is
determined that the project solutions are not efficient, energy saving options are determined based
on the results of the energy audit, long-term energy efficiency programs are developed and energy
saving measures are selected depending on their justification periods.
In modern architecture and building engineering, there are a number of separate directions related
to improving the living environment of a person, protecting the interests of the future generation
and saving energy resources. These areas include: Sustainable Building (buildings that promote
sustainable development), Energy-Efficient Building (energy efficient buildings), Intelligent
Building (intellectual buildings), Bioclimatic Architecture (bioclimatic architecture), Healthy
Building. "Each of these areas includes serious unfinished business and uncertainties and requires
long and extensive corporate work by all interested professionals".
Obviously, the rational use of energy resources and attention to the problems of designing energy-
efficient buildings will only increase over time. Therefore, in the process of studying literature, it
is important not only to familiarize yourself with the international principles of designing such
objects, but also to clearly distinguish which of them can be used in the specific climatic,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05, 2025
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2669
Geophysical and economic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which can not only be
ineffective, but also lead to the opposite results.
"The logic of the development of modern architecture is largely the result of the desire for harmony
between the natural environment around the building and the internal microclimate of the
buildings."
The issue of energy conservation in construction has become a special center of attention since
the 70s of the 20th century. One of the main reasons for this was the realization of the need to save
energy resources after the world energy crisis of 1974, as well as the creation of an innovative
concept of sustainable development and its adoption by developed countries. The development of
the first principles of buildings in the field of energy efficiency came about as a result of criticism
from the United Nations International Energy Commission (UNDP). Experts who opposed the
UNEC had argued that there were huge reserves to improve the thermal efficiency of the buildings.
As a result of this, in 1976, BMTXEK developed the basic principle of energy conservation. It
stated that”energy resources can be used more efficiently if the implementation of the measures is
technically possible, economically justified, and acceptable from an ecological and social point of
view".
At the same time, until now, there is a lack of information about scientific methods that should be
laid on the basis of the design of modern energy-efficient buildings. The main reasons for the need
to reduce energy consumption in the construction industry. Economic crises affecting the world
economy are the main reasons for reducing energy consumption in all areas of the vital activity of
human society. One of the following is often the cause of the economic crisis:
Energy conservation helps to solve the problem of restoring economies and ensure their further
sustainable growth. Energy saving activities can be mainly focused on:
•
rational use of energy;
•
energy saving mode.
Thus, the essence of energy conservation is to ensure a given level of service with the consumption
of less energy at the same level of fuel resource extraction and the allocation of part of it for new
energy-using technologies (consumable products of industry and agriculture, the convenience of
the living environment, etc.) and thus guarantee an increase in the quality of
The importance of energy saving is due to environmental problems, namely the need to strengthen
environmental protection requirements-conserve natural resources and reduce air pollution from
fuel combustion emissions. Construction is considered one of the most energy-intensive industries.
About 40-45% of the energy produced in the countries of the world is spent on the exmpluation of
buildings (heating systems, hot water supply, ventilation, condensing and lighting), as well as the
production of building materials, while a large volume of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other
contaminants is released. At the same time, the energy conservation policy in construction should
be directed primarily to parameters that can ensure a reduction in energy consumption while
maintaining optimal favorable conditions in residential and public buildings. With this in mind,
the technical and legislative criteria that govern the construction of buildings that are effectively
used from energy in a large part of developed countries are developed and valid. European experts
today have focused their attention on improving construction facilities and providing construction
facilities with these facilities in order to increase energy efficiency. Because in addition to the main
task of the relevant criteria and their implementation, it leads to significant advantages in the form
of comfort and a healthy microclimate, helps to stimulate the economy, and also creates jobs in
the construction industry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05, 2025
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In Uzbekistan-the continental climate is very hot in summer and cold in winter. In addition, a sharp
change in temperature can be observed during the day. These factors indicate that the climate of
the region requires a lot of energy consumption. It is important to take into account such aspects
when comparing the Republic of Uzbekistan with other countries and implementing new policies
in the field of energy efficiency of buildings and structures. And from an economic point of view,
Uzbekistan should pay attention to the development of more internal material and human
resources, as well as technical and constructive solutions adapted to the requirements of security
in relation to landslides that apply to almost the entire territory of the Republic. This can seriously
affect the technical solver used during construction and the choice of materials.
The Republic of Uzbekistan has relatively little experience in improving energy efficiency in the
construction sector. In addition, specific geographical, economic and climatic conditions have a
serious impact on the levels of efficiency and the value of energy resources.
In this regard, scientists and specialists of Uzbekistan in order to achieve significant achievements
in the field of improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, it is advisable to carry
out the analysis of existing meyori documents and construction experience in the region on the
basis of harmonization with elements of advanced practices in some European countries, the USA,
South Korea, Japan, China and the CIS It is also necessary to update the current regulatory
documents taking into account the specifics of the local context, taking into account the results of
scientific research carried out in the Republic. It serves to regulate the design and construction of
similar objects in the construction industry.
Stages of development of energy-efficient buildings
The original energy efficient buildings were visual and pilot projects. In their creation, the main
task of specialists was to seek interconnection and compromise between three concepts: a
favorable microclimate of buildings, the maximum use of natural energy sources and energy-
optimized elements of buildings. The main architectural-plan and engineering solutions of energy
efficient facilities were aimed at a single goal – to ensure a comfortable microclimate in buildings
by saving energy resources that are spent on heating, ventilation and conditioning of buildings.
At the first stage of the design of this pilot project, research was carried out and a number of
recommendations for the selection of energy-saving measures were developed.
As part of the choice of building shape and orientation, it was determined that when planning
rectangular buildings, focusing their long facades on the south and north sides will reduce the heat
flow from solar radiation in the summer season, while allowing the use of heat from solar radiation
in the winter season when the sun is below the horizon.
Recommendations for saving energy spent on ventilation of buildings included: reducing the
volume of external air by creating places for smoking only in specially designated places in
buildings, grouping internal areas according to similar functions, replacing external air with
recirculating air, cleaning it through an absorption system, correctly organizing air distribution to
reduce the need for additional air volumes".
To reduce the energy costs for lighting, the following were recommended: the introduction of an
artificial lighting control system depending on the change in the level of lighting, increasing the
level of lighting through fences painted in the interior light color, using the selected "working
lighting" system.
Such a solution required "limiting" the area of the mirror surface in the building. As a result, a
coefficient of 12% for the area of the mirror surface was applied on the Western, Eastern and
southern facades.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05, 2025
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2671
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