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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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NEGATIVE FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIALIZATION
OF GRAZING LIVESTOCK IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Xodjaeva G.A.
Karakalpak state university, Professor of the Department of
Economic and Social Geography, Candidate of Geographical Sciences
Joldasov A.S.
Karakalpak State University, Dean of the Faculty of Geography and
Natural Resources, Doctor of Philosophy in Geographical Sciences (PhD)
Ramanova D.R.
Master's student at Karakalpak State University
Annonation
:This article will talk about negative factors affecting the development and
specialization of grazing livestock in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Key words
:desert, grazing, erosion of soil, soil salinity, degradation.
Introduction.
The Republic of Karakalpakstan has natural opportunities for the
development of grazing livestock with its extensive grassland areas, desert areas and semi-
desert climate. The livestock , which is the traditional activity of the population , raising sheep,
goats, camels and cattle, in particular, requires the effective use of precisely these pastures.
However, there are some negative aspects which affect to development of pastures. This article
analyzes the main negative factors affecting the development of grazing livestock.
Main div
. Negative factors affecting the development and specialization of grazing
livestock in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are associated with several main aspects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 178
Figure 1. Factors affecting the development and placement of livestock [1]
In the course of scientific research, the following factors have been identified that affect the
development and location of livestock, and they have been studied analytically.
earth resources;
water resources;
population and labor resources;
environmental and other factors
In Karakalpakstan, there are enough land and labor resources in the development and
territorial organization of the livestock network. However, the shortage of water resources and
the associated environmental situation in the region is one of the factors that seriously affect the
development of not only livestock, but also the entire agricultural sector, as well as the social
sphere.
Water limit allocated to the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the last five years, that is, in
2017-2022, there was a decrease from 7,262.9 million m cubic to 4,716. 0 million m cubic,
which is 64.9 percent. Such a decrease in water resources, in turn, requires the implementation
of a fundamental Agrarian Policy in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the replacement of water
in agriculture with low - demand crops instead of crop types, the widespread introduction of
water resource saving technologies, that is, the revision of economic specialization and the
development of its scientific and methodological foundations.
The presence of groundwater reserves in Karakalpakstan will be the main factor for the
development of grazing livestock in the Qizilqum desert and the Ustyurt plain. There are a total
of 1,470 wells on the territory of the Republic in total, and currently 630 wells are used. From
these wells, 156.85 thousand m of cubic water is extracted per day. The location of the
groundwater has territorial features, which mainly corresponds to the districts of Kegayli,
Nukus, Tachakopir and Chimboy. It is possible to extract 300.0-350.0 thousand m of cubic
water per day if wells are used using modern technologies. This, in turn, gives the opportunity
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
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page 179
to bring the number of sheep and goats around almost half a million heads, which are currently
raised in Karakalpakstan interesting and Ustyurti, to one million [1]. We can also include
among these problems environmental problems,namely the drying of the Aral Sea. This process
is causing changes in the climate, flora and fauna of the area, the spread of sands and
desertification. As a result of improper use of water and land resources - favorable areas for the
production of fodder-are decreasing, the waters are getting polluted, and as a result, this
phenomenon seriously harms the quality of grazing livestock and consumer products.
Environmentalists point out that the intensification of desertification processes, as well
as the degradation of pastures, are one of the negative consequences of the Aral tragedy. For
example, during the period 1995-2014, the productivity of pastures in Karakalpakstan
decreased by 23%, while the number and density of large cattle increased significantly. As the
optimal solution in the situation that has arisen, it is proposed to create a practical mechanism
for the effective management of pastures. This approach not only restores degraded lands, but
also increases their nutrient potential [5].
Climatic conditions. The use of pasture land in desert areas can cause significant
inconvenience in the use of pasture land in areas with high temperatures in the summer season,
low snow cover and conservation in winter, and varying amounts of precipitation in the spring
season. In the regions of Adir and the plains, for a long time, the high air temperature (40-45 C)
and the relative humidity of the air is very low (15-25%) due to the fact that dry, insufficient
atmospheric precipitation, moisture in the soil evaporates rapidly, negatively affecting the
growth and development of plants, even dying in some years as early this requires resistant
breeds for livestock. The winter season, however, is dry and relatively cold, with temperatures
sometimes falling to -20 °C. Low rainfall (100-150 mm per year) leads to low density and
quality of pasture grass. The uneven distribution of grazing land on farms in districts can cause
the problem of lack of grazing in certain areas [2].
Pastures are facing a huge problem. 51% of our republic is natural pastures. These are:
mountain, plains and coastal meadows. Productivity was much higher 55-60 years ago.
Scientists’ observation shows that at least 10-15 centener masses were obtained from 1 hectare
of natural pasture at that time, and the livestock was freely fed. But over the next 50 years, the
crisis in the pastures intensified. In addition, drought, garmsel, a decrease in atmospheric
precipitation — under the influence of climate change, began to cause serious harm to the plant
world in pastures. In our pastures, where there are 1700 species of plants, and now 200 of these
species have disappeared altogether, some of which have been severely depleted. The question
of why it came to this level is rising. We have studied the main reasons for this in two. The first
is the influence of natural factors, that is, climate changes. This factor causes a very complex
situation. 7-8 years of a small 12-year cycle is going dry. This in turn has a negative effect on
the condition of the meadows, on the vegetation world. The second is that as a result of climate
change, soil erosion (erosion of the topsoil through water or wind) is extremely increased.
Millions of tons of nutrients are also being eroded by the erosion of the fertile soil layer.
Atmospheric precipitation is occurring, but there has been a large difference in the intensity of
their precipitation duration. For example, now rain is slowly absorbed into the ground for a long
time, suddenly there is a strong jala and flows into the lowlands. Winds also increased. As a
result of the wind, not only drought, but also dust and dust are formed, salts are flying from one
place to another. All this is affecting the world of plants.
There is also a human factor. We used pastures simply as an available resource.
Protection, feeding, moisture retention, agrotechnical events were not held. Then, the load that
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
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page 180
falls on the pastures given to the farms has become too large. With pasture yield, the number of
livestock is not proportional, that is, there are many. This also negatively affects breeding,
productivity in livestock.
78% of the total grazing land falls in the desert regions. We are using pastures, but
constant restoration is not sufficient. The condition becomes even more severe when it is foiled
for a long time, but cannot be cultured and restored. That is, in pastures, it is not legumes and
bellbose grass that remain as feed, but low-nutrient grass. Therefore, it is required to plant grass
with a high nutrient content and maintain the correct ratio. Perhaps one of the solutions is the
long-term provision of grazing land to livestock. Then they will also think about what the
pasture will be like the next day, try to improve. Control of pastures, there are methods of
planting new seeds, the procedure, can be applied in practice. We need to switch to intelligent
agriculture. Some problems can also come to the base when making pastures private. The
knowledge, experience of a given person in this regard may not be enough. Therefore, it is
necessary to go to control, introducing a single mechanism in grazing. Quality should improve,
not fall. The only cluster that is to blame for today's condition of the pastures should be seen not
only the farmer, but also others. Seeing the shortcomings and focusing on how to eliminate
them will be much better [4].
Despite these factors, the climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan are very favorable for
the development of livestock. The vast pastures of the Ustyurt plain, the Qizilqum steppe and
the deltas are considered one of the most important natural factors not only for livestock, but
also for the development of all types of pastures [3].
Results and recommendations: the full and effective use of the results obtained makes it
possible to obtain a stable harvest of agricultural crops in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. At
the same time, farmers can achieve great results if they work together with the department of
agrometeorological service for agriculture in the department of Hydrometeorology of
Karakalpakstan, a branch of the Hydrometeorological station of Uzbekistan [2].
Conclusion: grazing livestock in the Republic of Karakalpakstan strongly depends on
natural factors. In particular, the processes of climate drought, limited water resources, salinity
and desertification play an important role in the development and specialization of livestock.
For this reason, grazing livestock has developed in this area mainly in the form of extensives (in
a wide area, with low nutritional resources), based on breeds adapted to harsh natural conditions.
The development of this sector requires the introduction of new technologies, the training of
qualified personnel, a deeper study of this sector and sufficient investment , and in grazing,
attention is also paid not only to quantity but also to quality.
Literature used:
1. Joldasov A.S., Qoraqalpog’iston Respublikasida chorvachilikni rivojlantirish va hududiy
tarkibini takomillashtirish’’aftoreferat. Nukus-2024. 11-16-betlar.
2. Sultashova O.G., Jaksibaev R.N., Aleuov A.S., 2021, Dangerous meteorological events
affecting pasture plants in Karakalpakstan // "Экономика и социум" №5 (84). – P. 7.
3. Joldasov A.S., Пастбищное животноводство республики Каракалпакстан и особенности
его развития ’’ . "Экономика и социум" №3(106)-2 2023. Стр-486
4.https://kun.uz/news/2023/05/03/yaylovlar-boyicha-siyosatni-ozgartirmasak chorvachilik-xavf-
ostida-olimlar-etiborsiz-qoldirilayotgan-soha haqida?ysclid=mb87n62vve315152344
5.https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2018/08/26/seminar/#:~:text=Ekologlar%20cho%E2%80%98llanish
%20jarayonlarini,salohiyatini%20ham%20oshiradi
