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Surkhan land, where the Great Silk Road passed
Rachmonova Khilola Jumayevna
(head of Service of Angor District Information and Library Center of Surkhandarya region.
Abonement and user service is a part-time 4th year student of the Faculty of Library Information
activities of the Institute of Arts and culture of Uzbekistan).
xilolaraxmonova4@gmail.com
Annotation: in this article, Shoymardonkul Amirovich Rakhmonov's book on the remains of a
customs facility and wall pictures from Surkhandarya region Sherabad district, up to the Arab
occupation of our country, dedicated to the unequal place of Uzbekistan on the Great Silk Road.
Keywords: Great Silk Road, Customs murals. Tavka, fortress, State System, border, merchants,
ancient traditions, fortress.
National History must be created with a national spirit. Otherwise it will not have an educational
effect
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
After the independence of Uzbekistan, changes began to appear in all aspects of the state system
.State independence, first of all, assumes the inviolability of borders and the establishment of
domestic and foreign market policies. In this regard, the Customs Service and its activities were
organized to meet international standards.
The Customs Service is primarily inextricably linked with the development of international trade.
There have long been many customs places on the territory of Uzbekistan on the Great Silk Road,
which connects Georgia and the East. The place of the Great Silk Road in the development of trade
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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page 489
cannot be studied, distinguishing it from the development of cultural ties on this road. Merchants
were considered intellectual, knowledgeable people of their time, who, along with the goods of
folk consumption, brought culture, enlightenment to their land. Therefore, it is necessary that the
current customs system service be organized specific and appropriate to these traditions. To do
this, a comprehensive study of ancient traditions and a critical introduction to the current service
Shoymardonkul Amirovich Rakhmonov's book about surkhandarya regional Sherabad district dug
open, the remnant of the customs facility of our country up to the Arab occupation and the mural
pictures on it is dedicated to the unparalleled place of Uzbekistan on the Great Silk Road. It is
known that customs places are usually located on the borders, along the great trade routes.
During the early medieval period, Surkhandarya culture is characterized by high development. The
Tavka customs fort, located on the territory of the sherabad district, is considered one of the most
important monuments of this period. The paintings preserved on the walls of this monument are
distinguished by their originality. On a high hill, the two sides of the Customs House, which was
raised, are surrounded by mountains. It is said that at one time, guard control was also established
around the customs. The tawka mound also served as the seat of the kufton governors in the 5th
and 6th centuries.
Thanks to the investigations of ancient scientists, it was found that the Customs House had 2 Halls,
porches, corridors. In contrast, the images worked on the walls of the customs house show the
process of hunting wild animals, in groups of the nobility of the time. Horse-riding riders are
skillfully depicted as a state of sound deer seeking to keep alive between the horse's legs. Images
of the girls-Wolves watching this process with pleasure have also been preserved. The mural
paintings of the tawka mound have received a new touch, color direction, developing the traditions
of the Kushan period Fine Arts
shows. The customs of the Tavka fortress once again testifies to the history of Uzbek statehood,
which goes back to ancient times.
Yodgorlik haqidagi ilk maʼlumotlar 1933-1938 yillarda viloyat oʼlkashunoslik muzeyi
ekspeditsiyasi hisobotlarida uchraydi. Keyin XX-asrning 80-yillarida Oʼzbekiston sanʼatshunoslik
ekspeditsiyasi qidiruvlari natijasida qayta kashf qilinadi.
The earliest references to the monument appear in the 1933-1938 Provincial Museum of local lore
expedition reports. It is then rediscovered in the 80s of the 20th century as a result of searches of
the Uzbek artistic expedition.
The total area of Tavka Castle is 1, counting by the addition with the exit facilities. The Fort's exit
structure can be traced back to the central structure at a distance of 110 m along the north-eastern
direction, starting directly at the river bank in a buy - sungan to the mountain relief, and then
turning northwest at a right angle for another 100 m. The structure in question is made up of five
distinctive tower blocks, some of which now retain the remains of the structure in their basement.
The Tavka fort was dated to the 3rd-4th centuries CE of the last Kushan period according to the
results of early searches. Later in the course of extensive excavations at the monument, many
murals were excavated and opened in the castle. The most prosperous period of the castle dates
back to the late 6th and 7th centuries.
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Rakhmonov Shoymardonkul Amirovich was born on February 20, 1957 in the khududud of the
Yangiabad rural council in Angor District of Surkhandarya region. In 1964, No. 34 F.Engels
attended his 8-year school, graduating in 1974 with a D. 3.I.Graduated from Mendeleev high
school. In 1974, he graduated from Tashkent State University (now M.Ulugbek State National
University) at the Faculty of history. Rakhmonov Sh.A. From the academic year 1975-76, in the
process of separating students into specializations, he chooses the direction of Archaeology and
successfully graduates the University in the specialty of a historian-archaeologist in 1979. Then
he works at the Surkhandarya Regional Museum of local lore, first as a senior scientific officer-
the guard of the Zaravutsoy Reserve, and later as the head of the museum's pre-revolutionary
period history department. Since March 1980, he has been employed as a Junior Scientific Officer
of the Department of Antique Archaeology of the FA Archaeological Institute of Uzbekistan. In
1989, "the medieval Isthmus of North Tokharistan. V-early 13th century", defending his
candidate's thesis. Since 1990 he has been a Senior Research Fellow of the Institute and since 1998
he has been admitted to the doctoral studies of the institute, conducting doctoral research on the
topic "problems of the isthmus and military art of Northern Bactria-Tokharistan in the ancient and
Middle Ages".
Since 1987, the program "The Great Silk Road - the way of dialogue between peoples" of the
Unesco committee for the study of cultural heritage will be developed. Within the framework of
this program, several scientific working groups are also formed at the FA Archaeological Institute
of Uzbekistan, one of which is one of the main branches of the Great Silk Road, one of which is
the management of the study group of trade routes that passed through the sanalmish South Hisor
mountains.A.To rachmonov. The main task of the guru will first of all be to search for
archaeological monuments in this particular deity and conduct excavations in them, while at the
same time studying the branches of the trade route from step to step. Located in the Dahana of
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sherabad, it is a Tawka mound, where excavations have revealed and studied unique patterns of
murals dating back to the early Middle Ages. These images feature a hunting landscape plaque for
this god, known from Mesolithic Zaravutsoy images. It depicts six Horsemen-cavalry ohular and
rabbit hunting. Due to the geographical location, architectural solution and luxurious decoration
of the Tavka fortress, the author interprets it as a state customs on the trade route.
Sh.A.Rakhmonov (1957-2007) worked at the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences
of Uzbekistan, conducting scientific research until the end of his life . He published about 60
scientific articles, brochures in scientific journals of Uzbekistan, France, Japan,USA and many
other countries, lectured in many scientific communities. Sh.A.Rachmonov was awarded the
GRISHMAN International Prize of France.
The scientific team of the Institute together with guests after the next report meeting (2000s )
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev attaches great importance to the study of history, especially
archaeological monuments. According to him, the study of history serves to increase the awareness
of the identity of our people, to increase national pride and pride. And archaeological monuments
are invaluable sources of our past, and their preservation and study are also important for future
generations.
President Mirziyoyev has repeatedly noted that as a result of archaeological excavations and
scientific research, the ancient history and cultural heritage of our country are studied in more
depth. These activities have a positive effect not only on the enrichment of historical knowledge,
but also on the development of Tourism.
The head of state also gave commissions to preserve archaeological monuments, study them on a
scientific basis, and at the same time turn them into tourist shrines accessible to local residents. In
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07, 2025
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page 492
his opinion, these monuments are an important factor demonstrating the rich cultural heritage of
our people and one of the main directions for increasing the potential of Tourism.
In addition, President Mirziyoyev pays special attention to the publication of historical works,
support of scientific research, promotion of historical knowledge among young people. In his
opinion, through the study of history, young people should realize their identity, respect national
values and be brought up in the spirit of patriotism.
In conclusion, it is necessary to consistently continue the work on this subject, focusing heavily
on the study of history and the preservation of archaeological monuments. The preservation and
study of our historical heritage, the elevation of national pride, is an important guide to enrich the
cultural life of our people.
Rich history as in our country, great allusions like our ancestors are nowhere
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Literature used
1. Sh. A speech addressed by Mirziyoyev with people and addresses on December 28, 2018,
namely " presidential appeal”
2. Asqarov.A.A Sappalitepa. Tashkent, 1973
Rachmanoff. IMKU, V'p.23, 1990
3. Asqarov.A.A Drevnezemledel'cheskaya kultura epoxi bronze yuga Uzbekistana Uzbekitana
Tashkent, 1977
4. Asqarov.A.A Poseleniye . Kuchuktepa Tashkent, 1979
AK'baum B. I
5. Asqarov.A.A Djarkutan Tashkent, 1983
6. Asqarov.A.A Rannya gorodskaya Kul'tura epochi bronze yuga Shirinov t Sh. Samarkand , 1993
7. Rakhmanov. Sh. A Tavka fortress Mukhim manzilgokh on the Great Silk Road. Sb Bactria-
Tokharistan in the ancient and Middle Ages. Theses
Samarkand , 1993
