INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 498
TRANSLATION DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSIFICATION IN UZBEK
LITERATURE
Murodullayeva Zebiniso Odil qizi
An English teacher of Uzbekistan State World languages university
murodullayevazebiniso@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article presents translation theory, the stages of translation development, and the
types of translation. In particular, it highlights the contribution of Uzbek literary figures to the
science of translation theory. Translation theory critically examines the views, perspectives,
observations, and diverse experiences associated with the broad and dynamic practice of
translation. It also outlines the rules and principles of translation, including their limits and
standards. The aim of this article is to provide essential information about translation theory
Keywords:
literary translation, legal translation, direct method, translator, transcreation.
Аннотация:
В данной статье представлены теория перевода, этапы развития перевода и
его виды. В частности, отмечен вклад узбекских литературных деятелей в науку теории
перевода. Теория перевода критически изучает взгляды, подходы, наблюдения и
разнообразный опыт, связанный с широкой и живой практикой перевода, а также
определяет правила и принципы перевода, их границы и стандарты. Цель данной статьи
— осветить основную информацию о теории перевода.
Ключевые слова:
литературный перевод, юридический перевод, прямой метод,
переводчик, креативный перевод.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada tarjima nazariyasi, tarjimaning rivojlanish bosqichlari va turlari
yoritilgan. Xususan, oʻzbek adabiyotshunos namoyondalarning tarjima nazariyasi faniga
qoʻshgan hissasi alohida ta’kidlangan. Tarjima nazariyasi tarjima amaliyoti bilan bogʻliq
qarashlar, yondashuvlar, kuzatuvlar va boy tajribalarni tanqidiy tahlil qiladi, tarjimaning
qoidalari va tamoyillarini, ularning chegaralari va meʼyorlarini belgilaydi. Ushbu maqolaning
maqsadi tarjima nazariyasi haqida asosiy ma`lumotlarni yoritib berishga asoslanadi.
Kalit soʻzlar:
badiiy tarjima, huquqiy tarjima, toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri usul, tarjimon, ijodiy tarjima.
Introduction
Translation and interpreting are one of the oldest creative activies that have
been formed in the history and culture of the peoples of the world for centuries. Human
generations, who have lived on different continents and regions of the Earth for several thousand
years, have also expressed their creative desires, interests, capabilities andinterests through
translation.(I. Gafurov, 2012)
Also, there are different views of scholars in this field. One of the most well-known
uzbek scientist G. Salomov created scientific works on translation and translation theory.
According to him, translation is a means of interlingual communication. The translator creates
the possibility of exchanging information between people speaking different languages using a
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 499
translated text that has the same communicative value as the original source. (G. Salomov, 2016)
In addition, there are given different options about translation.
For instance, translation is changing text from one language into another without losing its
meaning. It’s about expressing the same ideas naturally in a new language, so your message is
clear and easy to understand. The process of translation includes following stages:
-Translation starts with carefully reading the original text to fully understand its
meaning, tone and intention;
-the translator finds the best way to say the same thing naturally in another language.
Also, many scholars such as, I.Gafurov, O.Mo’minov, N. Qambarov have effectively
continued Salomov’s research work.
Translation is not word-for word because languages do not match neatly one-to-one
Each language has unique grammar structures, vocabulary and ways of expressing ideas.
The key translation approaches are worked by professors and translators. Mostly 2 different
angles mentioned below:
-by looking at the ways translators approach their work;
-by looking at who preforms the translation.
In the first matter, translators can either translate literally or lean into transcreation.
Literal translation –sticks closely to the original wording, keeping the translation as direct as
possible. Especially, legal documents, technical manuals can be exemplified.
Creative translation (free translation)-focuses on conveying the overall meaning, emotion and
tone. For example, marketing materials, literature.
In reality, translators often blend both approaches to create translations that are both accurate
and natural-sounding. When looking at who is performing the translation, there are 3 main
categories:
-human translation-human translators who deeply understand context, culture and nuances
carefully convert text from one language to another.
-machine translation-automated software quickly translates text using algorithms but often
misses nuances, cultural references and context.
-generative AI translation-advanced AI translation tools translate text more
naturally by understanding context and tone.
Types of translation-the main types of translation are literary, technical, legal,
marketing, software localization and financial translation.
-
Literary translation- also known as word-for-word translation, aims to translate the text
from the source language to the target language while preserving the original structure and word
order as closely as possible.(books, poetry or stories that focus on emotion and style);
-
Technical translation- covers a wide range of technical fields such as engineering, IT,
automative, aerospace and manufacturing.(manuals or guides requiring precise terminology);
-
Legal translation-is a specialized field focused on converting legal documents and texts
between languages while preserving their original meaning, legal validity and intended
effect.(contracts or documents that demand accuracy and compliance);
-
Marketing translation-is the process of adapting marketing content from one language
into another while preserving the original messages intent, tone and cultural nuances.(ads,
websites or other marketing materials adapted to resonate with local audiences);
-
Financial translation-includes financial documents such as annual reports, financial
statements, investment reports and banking documents, reports or financial documents where
clarity and precision matter most;
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 500
-
Business translation-refers to the process of translating various business-related
documents and communications from one language into another to facilitate global operations
and communications.(corporate documents, company presentations, emails or internal
communication between international teams and partners);
-
Software localization-apps and software translated and adjusted to meet the expectations
of local users.
Professional translators rely on either direct or oblique translation methods to take a message
from one language into another. The right choice depends on the type of content, its intended
audience and how closely the two languages match.
Direct methods stick closely to the original text. You keep the wording, structure and
meaningas exact as possible. This works best when precision matters. Think technical
instructions, legal documents or scientific papers. Some common direct translation methods
include borrowing, calque (loan translation) and literal translation. Below are their definitions
and examples:
-borrowing-taking words directly from the original language into the new text; (the Japanese
word “karaoke” is borrowed directly into English)
-calque(loan translation)-translating each element of a phrase literally and creating a new
expression in the target language;(the English word “skyscraper” is translated literally into
Spanish as “rascacielos”)
-literal translation-translating word-for-word while preserving the structure of the original as
closely as possible; (German sentences “Die sonne scheint” translates literally into English as
“the sun shines”).
A good translator does more than speak two languages fluently . They invest an effort to
deeply understand the context, culture and nuances behind the words.
Professional translators are also deatail-oriented, patient and resourceful. They take the time
to research unfamiliar terms, double-check context and keep up with evolving language trends.
Above all, they always think about the reader first.
In conclusion, we mention that translation is not a one-way street. Books written in English
are translated into other languages to help people who do not read English to be able to read it. In
a multicultural world , translation is an essential tool for communication all over the world.
REFERENCES:
1. Salomov. G’ “Foundations of translation theory”, 1983
2. Rahimov G’ “Translation theory and practice”, 2016
3. Gafurov. I, O. Mo’minov, Qambarov N. “Translation theory”, 2012
4. Baker, Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London:Routledge,1998
5. Bassnett, Susan. Translation studies. Psychology, 2002
6. Jacobson, Roman “On Linguistic Aspects of translation” Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1959
7. Munday, Jeremy. Introducing translation studies: Theories and Applications.
London:Routledge, 2001.
