INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 12
CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES IN СONGETITAL
CLEFT IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Aliev A.L., Akmalova N.A.
Department of Pediatrics, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
Objective:
The aim of the study is the analysis of clinical and biochemical characteristics of the
course of severe pneumonia in young children with congenital cleft.
Materials and methods:
Medical history, clinical observations, radiological, biochemical
studies.
Results:
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the course of severe pneumonia in young
children were identified. Cytochemical changes were revealed.
Keywords:
young children, pneumonia, congenital cleft, biochemistry
Relevance:
Acute pneumonia in young children remains a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality despite the implementation of highly effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, the
presence of comprehensive supportive treatment regimens, and the availability of advanced
therapeutic approaches(2,3,4,5).
Energy deficiency, anemia, dysbiosis, atopic dermatitis, and other conditions further exacerbate
the situation(1).
Children with congenital anomalies of the tissues and organs of the maxillofacial region occupy
a special place. Great interest lies in assessing the clinical course of acute pneumonia in such
premature children. However, despite this, there is a scarcity of literature or any theoretical or
practical data that could be of significant importance for treating this group of patients.
Treatment is associated with particular difficulties, requiring the participation of highly qualified
specialists, proper sequencing, and a comprehensive approach(6,7,8).
We consider myeloperoxidase (MP), acid phosphatase (AP), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
to be important indicators. Therefore, it was of interest to study the activity of SDH, MP, and AP
depending on the stage of the disease.
Materials and Methods
A total of 60 children aged 3 months to 3 years were examined. This included 30 children with
ordinary pneumonia, 30 with congenital cleft, and 20 with purulent-destructive pneumonia as a
complication of AP. The control group consisted of 22 healthy children of the same age.
In all patients, in addition to general clinical and radiological studies, the activity of MP, AP, and
SDH in peripheral blood monocytes was determined at admission, during the acute phase of the
disease, during improvement in the general condition, and upon recovery.
MP activity was determined using the methods of Goloberg and Barka, followed by the
calculation of the average cytochemical index (ACI). SDH activity was assessed using a
quantitative cytochemical method developed by R.P. Narcissov. The diagnosis of pneumonia
was made according to the ICD-10 classification (2010).
Results and Discussion
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 13
Parents of the sick children mainly reported fever, restlessness, catarrhal symptoms, cough,
severe weakness, shortness of breath, sleep disturbances, reduced appetite, and dyspeptic
symptoms.
The semiotics of respiratory organ involvement primarily manifested as mixed dyspnea in all
patients, as well as increased resistance in the airways during exhalation in 12 children. Among
them, 16 patients exhibited particularly difficult and prolonged exhalation, indicating a
pronounced obstructive syndrome.
Impairments in external respiratory function were evidenced by nasal flaring in 30 patients and
retraction of compliant areas of the chest in 41 patients.
The frequency of various toxic and exacerbating syndromes associated with pneumonia in the
primary group was as follows:
• Obstructive syndrome: 22 cases (0.24).
• Cardiorespiratory syndrome: 5 cases (0.05).
• Dyscirculatory syndrome: 8 cases (0.1).
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome: 2 cases (0.02).
• Exicosis (severe dehydration): 1 case (0.01).
In the comparison group, the frequency of these syndromes differed:
• Obstructive syndrome: 16 cases (0.23).
• Cardiorespiratory syndrome: 23 cases (0.32).
• Neurotoxic syndrome: 17 cases (0.03).
• Circulatory syndrome: 6 cases (0.084).
• DIC syndrome: 2 cases (0.03).
Bronchial obstruction syndrome was clinically manifested by expiratory dyspnea…
…during the course of the disease, and by the time of recovery, it exceeded the age norm by 1.5
times (P<0.001). The observed changes in MP levels can be explained by the concentration of
components of the myeloperoxidase system in the cells involved in phagocytosis.
When analyzing the data, the highest increase in AP activity was also noted in children with
rapidly progressing, destructive pneumonia. The maximum increase, compared to the control
group, was recorded during the acute phase of the disease (P<0.001). The decrease in enzyme
activity paralleled the clinical improvement, but even at the point of recovery, it remained higher
than the control values.
The assessment of SDH levels in purulent-destructive pneumonia as a complication of congenital
cleft showed a pronounced depression during the acute phase (P<0.001). There was a more rapid
increase in enzyme activity during the pathological process compared to other forms.
Discussion
The results of our research demonstrated that acute pneumonia developing as a complication is
characterized by a severe course. Cytochemical changes in peripheral blood monocytes indicate
an intense inflammatory process with acute severity. These changes highlight the impact on the
organism at multiple levels: systemic, tissue, organ, and cellular.
Based on these observations, cytochemical studies of the enzyme spectrum in blood cells,
particularly monocytes, can be used to assess the depth of metabolic disturbances and the state of
the organism’s reactivity at the cellular level.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 14
This provides a foundation for further studies of patients with acute atypical pneumonia and the
development of new therapeutic approaches, as well as a logical management algorithm for such
patients.
…during the course of the disease, and by the time of recovery, it exceeded the age norm by 1.5
times (P<0.001). The changes in MP levels can be explained by the concentration of cell
components in the myeloperoxidase system involved in phagocytosis.
When analyzing the data, the greatest increase in AP activity was also observed in children with
rapidly progressing destructive pneumonia. The maximum increase, compared to the control
group, was recorded during the acute phase of the disease (P<0.001). The reduction in enzyme
activity paralleled clinical improvement, but even by the time of recovery, it remained higher
than the control level.
The evaluation of SDH levels in purulent-destructive pneumonia as a complication of congenital
cleft revealed significant depression during the acute phase (P<0.001). The enzyme activity
showed a more rapid increase in the dynamics of the pathological process compared to other
forms.
The results of our studies have shown that acute pneumonia, developing as a complication, is
characterized by a severe course. Cytochemical changes in peripheral blood monocytes indicate
an inflammatory process of high intensity and acute severity, causing alterations at the organism,
tissue, organ, and cellular levels.
Based on these premises, cytochemical studies of the enzyme spectrum in blood cells,
particularly monocytes, can be used to evaluate the depth of metabolic disturbances and the
reactivity of the organism at the cellular level.
This provides a basis for further study of patients with acute atypical pneumonia, the
development of new treatment methods, and a logical approach (algorithm) for managing these
patients.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 15
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