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GEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Muminov Doniyor Gulomovich
Karimkulova Malikakhon
Kokand State university.
Annotation:
This article provides information on environmental problems and the factors that
cause them. Theories about geocomplexes are presented. Opinions on measures to improve the
geoecological situation are highlighted.
Key words:
ecology, geoecology, landscape, natural factors, anthropogenic factors, nature
conservation, nature management.
Currently, conservation and its rational use are of great importance. All this is due to the
formation of ecological consciousness and culture in humans. The rational use and conservation
of Natural Resources remains the world's historical necessity as well as the most important task
during this period when science and technology are highly progressive and the population is
growing rapidly.
As a result of the use of the wrong system of farming, the looting of Natural Resources,
the circumstances of not reaching the second generation from one generation to another, it is a
sad case when anthropogenic landscapes in the place of natural landscapes were erected. Nature
is an inexhaustible source of material resources. But this feature of nature can only be formed if
it uses its wealth correctly and scientifically.
Today, it will be advisable to ensure environmental safety and sustainability in terms of
maintaining and regenerating geomajmuas in specific areas. Because protected areas are of great
importance not only in preserving and restoring the unique characteristics of the geomajmua in
which they are located, but also in ensuring the ecological stability of other areas.
Rational use of Natural Resources and their regeneration is the primary focus of the area's
conservation of biological and landscape diversity. This variety is a unique natural resource and
an important national asset. Their importance is in favor of two. First, they are natural creations
that regenerate oxygen and water, conserve wastewater, neutralize (detoxify) waste, or are the
beauty and harmony of nature that keep people from stress. Secondly, they are the basis for the
manifestation of the laws of nature, a clear source of information about the structure and
characteristics of various geommages, as well as monitoring of changes in the natural
environment. All this can be a reliable scientific basis for the rational use of nature.
Landscape optimization is the process of selecting the most convenient option of
landscape reclamation, and is one of the most significant means of conservation in the process of
using nature. When carrying out conservation measures in order to optimize landscapes, first of
all, the tasks and types of geomajmua in which they are located are determined.
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It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the classifications proposed by researchers in
this area. In the classification of their functions, E.Nimann, N.F.Reymers, F.R.Shtilmark,
V.S.The work of Preobrazhensky and others is important.
Landscape protection measures need to be carried out everywhere. This principle arises
from the fact that nature and society are in a connection, from one whole of the geographical
shell, the exchange of matter and energy in it, from the fact that horizontal and vertical
connections occupy an important place, from the fact that landscapes are geoisms of an open
nature (Ya.Demek, 1977; F.N.Milkov, 1986; V.S.Preobrazhensky, 1986). One whole,
systemality, interrelationship between natural complexes and their components, interrelationship,
conservation of their important properties in any landscape, determines that the properties of
other landscapes in the same area are also preserved.
A.G.Isachenko (1991) believes that many of the contemporary landscapes have been
transformed into cultural landscapes as a result of human activity. The most basic characteristics
of such landscapes are: productivity, economic efficiency and the fact that they have favorable
environmental conditions for human life. One of the important tasks in optimizing cultural
landscapes is to preserve and protect the ecological environment that is conducive to people's
lives.
In improving the restoration and preservation of natural balance in currently degraded
and occurring landscapes, it is important to create a system of separate protected natural areas
planned on a scientific basis.
Ecological balance in landscapes can be maintained on the basis of functional and
territorial pathways. In the first, it is understood that the complex of measures that carry out the
rational use of nature, in the second, the complete and partial restoration of certain natural
complexes, the passive protection of certain components (N.F.Reymers, Shtilmark, 1979).
The main task of the first path is to preserve the diversity in the geotist and the harmony
of the components that form the environment in it. But in this way, the effect of optimizing the
cultural landscapes formed and urbanized in the Adirs will not be so high. Because the balance
between the environment-creating components in these landscapes is much disturbed, there is an
indicator of diversity and a decrease in their level of stability.
The importance of using the second, i.e. Territorial Road, also increases when restoring
the natural balance of these landscapes. In this, it is required to maintain the necessary conditions
of the components of small natural areas of different levels (place, urochishche, fascia) that make
up the morphological structure of landscapes.
So, not all small natural areas in every natural, natural-anthropogenic landscape should be
converted into agroubocomplexes. It is important that a certain number of them are maintained
as separate protected areas.
Landscape is a geosystem that produces a specific environment. Man lives in it.
Therefore, landscapes will have to be studied from the point of view of human survival and
functioning. Even when evaluating this or that landscape for some branch of agriculture, it would
be an agroecological approach if we evaluate it from the point of view of the growth of a cultural
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plant that is considered the leader in that branch or the achievement of the survival and fertility
of domestic animals. The ecological approach in the scientific study of landscapes is of great
importance in solving a number of practical issues. The environmental criterion is of great
importance in determining the dynamic States of landscapes. Because their component, which is
rapidly changing and quickly echoes the influence of the economic activity of people, is biota.
Therefore, the research results of the landscape–ecological direction are very significant in the
development of the scientific basis of measures for the protection of nature and the rational use
of Natural Resources. This direction occurs at the junction of geography with the science of
Ecology (Sh.Zakirov, 1994).
Landscape-environmental conditions are understood as a system of such activities as
technological, administrative-legal, economic, biotechnical, educational and propaganda aimed
at maintaining the possibility of performing tasks that restore their resources and form an
environment (B.S.Preobrazhensky et al, 1988).
Environmental cards drawn up over the next decade directly encourage rational use of
landscapes and are referred to by the name of environmental cartation routes.
In the process of studying landscape-ecological conditions, a number of thematic
terms and concepts have come into being that we use them extensively throughout our
research.
- Ecological geographic status is a general concept that represents the sum of ecological
qualities of a given area environment. The ecological situation can be favorable and unfavorable
(A.V.Antipova).
- Ecological situation-an ecological assessment of an area based on an analysis of the
structure of Geosystems representing the anthropogenic changes of each geosystem
(A.V.Antipova).
- Ecoreconstruction-restoration and restoration of degraded landscapes to their previous
state (B.I.Kochurov) .
- Environmental consequences-the result of human impact on the environment, natural
environment (B.I.Kochurov).
- The ecological technical capacity of the territory-the maximum man-made state of the
territory, which is able to maintain the ecological system complex, not losing its state for a long
time, without violating the shape and functional characteristics (B.I.Kochurov).
- Environmentally significant factors-necessary properties or components of landscapes
necessary to preserve the life and health of the population, use as natural resources, preserve the
integrity, stability, significance and aesthetic value of landscapes (B.I.Kochurov).
- Environmental safety-the anthropogenic impact that occurs in the natural environment
of the environment, as well as the degree of protection of the individual and society from the
risks and consequences of stichian disasters and natural disasters (B.I.Kochurov).
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- Environmental assessment-determination of the level of suitability of natural-landscape
conditions for human survival and some type of economic activity (B.I.Kochurov).
- Ecological security-the possibility of degradation and degradation of the environment
that surrounds a person as a result of natural disasters and anthropogenic impacts that lead to
danger to human and community life and health (B.I.Kochurov).
- Landscape planning is a system of activities that considers the methods and main
directions of using natural territorial complexes (landscapes) on the condition that they maintain
or improve the landscape opportunities that are moderately forming and producing resources.
Landscape planning is a component of the ecological-economic construction of the territory. A
landscape plan consisting of information on the conservation and use of area landscapes forms
the basis of Landscape Planning (B.I.Kochurov).
Based on the analysis of existing research, the possibility of landscapes on landscape-
ecological conditions is said to be able to ensure the implementation of the biological world as
well as human economic activities. And when using nature, it is required to take into account this
possibility of landscapes.
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