INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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page 494
INTRODUCTION TO DATA AUTOMATION THROUGH MACROS
Mirzakhmedova Nargiza Dilmurotovna
Senior Lecturer, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,
Nizami State Technical University
Annotation:
The article presents concepts such as program, software, repetitive information,
system software, the main parts of system software: drivers, utilities, network operating systems,
virtualization, kernel programs; Application software: office, multimedia programs;
Programming languages and hardware tools: programming languages; automation
capabilities, macro commands and macros.
Keywords:
Software, firmware, driver, virtualization, kernel programs, automation, repetitive
information, macros.
The computer is considered a model of human intelligence, because it inputs, outputs, prints, and
processes information. However, human mental activity cannot be compared with computer
behavior. The machine only accurately executes a sequence of commands given by a person.
Such a sequence of commands is called a program. The computer is its executor. So, a program
is a statement written in a special computer language of the sequence of actions that must be
performed on data to perform a given task. The computer is considered a model of human
intelligence, because it has the ability to input, output, store, and process information. However,
human mental activity cannot be fully compared with a computer, because the machine only
executes a sequence of commands given by a person, such a sequence of commands is
considered a program. Software is a set of programs written by a person for a computer. In
general, software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to control computers and
perform certain tasks. So, software is programs, systems and applications written to control
devices and ensure their operation. Software is used for various purposes and is divided into the
following:
1. System Software (or System Software) is a type of computer program designed to run
technical and application programs of a computer, which operates on data stored in memory. The
main task of system software is to manage the computer system and create an interface between
the user and the hardware. It is used to control the functions of the computer, including the disk
OS, file management, utilities, operating systems and application software, hardware and ensure
its efficient operation. For example:
• One of the most important parts of system software is the operating system. It controls the
operation of the computer's hardware and user programs. The operating system provides an
interface between the user and the computer and manages system resources (memory, processor
and other devices). Some examples of operating systems are: Microsoft's Windows OS, a widely
used operating system for computers and mobile devices; Apple's macOS, a system designed
primarily for Mac computers; Linux OS, an open source operating system; Android OS, an
operating system for mobile devices; and iOS, a mobile operating system developed by Apple;
• Device Drivers are software programs that communicate between hardware devices and the
operating system. They help determine how the device works and coordinate its operation with
the operating system. For example, a printer driver establishes communication between a printer
and a computer; a graphics card driver controls the operation between a video card and a display;
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 495
and a keyboard and mouse driver is needed to connect keyboards and mice to the operating
system;
• Utility Software is software programs that are designed to ensure the efficient operation and
maintenance of a computer. They are used to manage system resources, analyze, and correct
errors. Example: Antivirus programs are used to protect the computer from malware (e.g. Norton,
McAfee…), Disk Cleanup programs are used to optimize the memory and disk space on the
computer (e.g. CCleaner…), Backup programs are used to back up and restore data (e.g. Acronis
True Image), System Monitoring programs are used to monitor system resources, performance
and status (e.g. Task Manager, HWMonitor);
• Network Operating Systems are used to connect multiple computers and devices together and
ensure that they work together. These systems are used to create and manage networks. Example:
Windows Server is a network system developed by Microsoft, a system that allows you to
manage the network, create servers and manage users, an open source system used for many
servers is Linux Server, an old but well-known system used for network management is Novell
NetWare;Bir kompyuterdan bir nechta virtual kompyuterlar yaratish va boshqarish imkonini
bruvchi dastur Virtualizatsiya dasturlari (Virtualization Software) hisoblanadi. Misol:
virtualizatsiya texnologiyasini taqdim etadi, serverlarni va ish stantsiyalarini virtualizatsiya qilish
imkoniyatini VMware dastur beradi, Oracle tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bepul virtualizatsiya
dasturi bu VirtualBox, Microsoft tomonidan taqdim etilgan virtualizatsiya platformasi.bu
Hyper-V dasturi;
• A Boot Manager is a program that allows you to choose which operating system to boot when a
computer is turned on, if several operating systems are installed. These programs manage the
system and help the user choose the desired system. Example: GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader)
boot manager, which is widely used for Linux systems, and Windows Boot Manager is used to
manage multiple versions of the Windows operating system.
• The most basic and central part of the operating system is the Kernel Software. It interacts with
the computer's hardware and manages other programs and system resources. The kernel is
responsible for starting and managing the operating system. Example: The central part of the
Linux operating system is the Linux kernel, the Windows NT kernel of the Windows operating
system, and the main XNU kernel of macOS and iOS systems.
So, system software includes programs that ensure the operation of the computer and organize
the interaction between the user and the hardware. The operating system, drivers, utilities,
virtualization programs, and other system components help ensure the effective operation of a
computer system.
1. Application Software is any computer program designed for the user, which is designed to
meet various needs, that is, programs that allow direct execution of actions. Application software
is used to perform certain tasks using computers and mobile devices or other electronic systems.
These programs facilitate the user's work, that is, generate new information from non-existent
data. For example:
• Office programs help the user perform various work processes: create documents by typing,
create spreadsheets, presentations, work with a database, publishing system. In addition, they
provide work in online office programs. (Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access,
Publisher…), Google Docs, Sheets, Slides);
• Multimedia programs allow the user to work with images, audio and video: Image editing
and creation programs (Adobe Photoshop, corel draw…), programs used to view audio and
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 496
video files (VLC Media Player, Windows Media Player, KMPlayer…), music and audio file
editing programs (Adobe Audition, Audacity, FL Studio…);
• Internet programs designed for connecting to the Internet and web browsing: Browsers used
to view web pages (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari…), Programs for online
communication and video conferencing (Skype, Zoom…);
• Business programs that help manage various business processes for companies or
organizations (Enterprise Resource Planning systems, Customer Relationship Management
systems…);
• Game programs are programs aimed at people's leisure and entertainment activities (PC
games, Mobile games: (Angry Birds, Candy Crush, etc.)…);
• Educational programs designed for the reading and learning process (Educational resources
and language learning (Khan Academy, Duolingo…) programs).
So the main purpose of applied software is to meet specific user needs, perform specific tasks,
and generate new information through the effective use of computers or devices.
Programming languages can also be called hardware programming
technology, that is, a set of programs that allow you to create new programs.
Programming languages are one of the main tools for communicating with a
computer. Programming on a computer is the process of giving various commands to a
computer's microprocessor, telling it when and where to change what, and what to input
or output. They allow computers to give commands in human language, and thus make it
possible to create software, web applications, mobile applications and many other
technological solutions. Today, there are many programming languages, each of which is
designed to perform a specific task or project. Below you will find the necessary
information about them. Popular programming languages include languages
such as Python, JavaScript, Java, C #, Ruby, PHP, VBA, Swift and Kotlin.
Python - It is an easy-to-learn and versatile programming language, widely used in the
fields of artificial intelligence, data analysis, web development and automation.
JavaScript - This programming language is mainly used for creating web
applications and plays an important role in enriching the user interface. Java is often
chosen for creating applications for mobile programming, especially on the Android
operating system.
C# - a programming language developed by Microsoft and is mainly used for
creating applications on the .NET platform. Each programming language has its own
syntax and programming paradigm. For example, programming languages such
as Ruby on Rails or Django provide a high level of abstraction and development speed
for web programming. PHP is designed to work with web servers, and many websites
and CMS systems are created using this language. Visual Basic for Applications - a
computer programming language developed by Microsoft and related. VBA allows you
to create macros to automate repetitive word and data processing functions and create
special forms, graphs and reports.
Above, the software was divided into three types and some of the programs that work
with each software were given names. Now, one of the conditions for the effective application of
information technologies in practical activities is the creation of specialized packages of
application programs. That is, they should provide automation of capabilities suitable for a
particular specialization. Such a package of programs is called an application program package,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 497
abbreviated as ADP. The ease of access to these programs, ease of use, allows employees of any
field to use a personal computer in solving problems related to this field, regardless of the field.
Below we will explain in detail:
• In medicine, it is connected to a computer and after entering information about the
patient, a diagnosis is made, that is, it analyzes the entered information and makes a diagnosis,
the user does not need to know what kind of work process the technique is performing, they only
need the diagnosis result;
• There are such programs for geographers that, if the name of a country is entered
through this program, the program automatically outputs information about that country: the area
of the country, the population, its map, and mineral resources, such programs include
Panorama, QGIS, MapInfo Professional, ArcGIS, etc.;
• In physics, it calculates the experiments of physical processes and this calculation
process is based on mathematical calculations, that is, once the physical process is completed,
there is no need to spend time on performing mathematical calculations, then the mathematical
calculations are performed by the program itself. Programs such as LabVIEW, Matlab, StartFlow,
Matlab, Mathematica, Octave, Scilab, Maple, Crocodile Physics are used to model physical
processes. In addition, knowing programming languages such as C++, Java, Python, you
can use their specific libraries to develop solutions to complex problems, model them, and record
high-precision results. Using these programs, you can obtain a 2D or 3D image of the process;
• To automate the calculation of mathematical problems on a computer, a set of programs
such as Eureka, Gauss, TK Solver!, Derive, Mathcad, Mathematica, Maple and others are used.
You can also cite the PhotoMath program, which helps you work out mathematical examples
using a smartphone camera, and MathGPTPro - an advanced mathematics learning application
based on artificial intelligence for doing homework and learning mathematics. There is another
program that works with mathematical equations and functions, this is the Grapish program,
which draws a graph corresponding to the equation, that is, finding the values of these
processes, determining the coordinates, and drawing the graph - all this is done by an automated
program.
These processes can be automated, if the technique itself can do it, this is achieved using
macro commands, that is, macros, which allow the automation of the programs behind them.
Here it is necessary to emphasize one thing, when using application programs, the tasks being
solved are completely automated. It completely frees you from the need to know the tasks
necessary for this area and how the computer performs the operations in the information
processing process. So, regardless of the field, it is not necessary to know how the program
works, the result is important to them. We, those who are engaged in ICT, need to know the
process of creating such programs, that is, rational support.
Literature:
1. V. Rajaraman. Introduction to information technology (second edition). India, 2013.
2. R.Boqiyev, N.Mirzaxmedova, A.Primkulova. Informatoka. O’quv qo’llanma. T.:
“Tafakkur”, 2016 y. 31-41 bb.
3. Железняк В.А. Урок по теме «Двоичное кодирование звуковой информации». // Ж.
«Информатика и образование» №6/2007. – С. 81-89.
4. "Excel VBA Programming for Dummies" – Michael Alexander & John Walkenbach
5. Информатика и образование. №6-2009
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https://oefen.uz/uz/documents/referatlar/umumiy/axborotlarni-qayta-ishlash-texnologiyalari
