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THE EMERGENCE OF MOSQUES
M.S. Saipova
Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture,
Tashkent International University of Financial Management and Technologi
Abstract:
As in every religious doctrine, in the religion of Islam, a special temple was built for
Muslims to worship. It is called a mosque. It describes how the mosque was built and the
symbols used in it.
Key words:
mosque, Islam religion, worship, prayer, Friday, Iftar, Eid, holy source, verses about,
Hajj, Madrasa, history, BC, in the village of Qubo, blessed incident, content, value, spirit, square,
cone, half month, pictorial, form, sign, instructions are based on Quran and hadith.
“And indeed, the mosques are for Allah.
So do not call upon anyone other than Allah”
(Al-Jinn, 18).
The first mosque in Islamic history was built by Muhammad in 622 in the village of Quba near
the city of Medina. The base of the mosque was built of stones, and the upper part was made of
raw bricks. There are about 2,000 mosques in Uzbekistan (2003). Mosques began to be built in
their own style in the 7th-8th centuries, taking a leading place in the local architectural traditions
of various Muslim countries. They were mainly murabba or rectangular in plan, with a central
hall. 8-sided, domed roofs and many columns, with galleries, were luxuriously decorated with
stone, wood, brick, and colorful tiles (Al-Masjid al-Aqsa, Al-Masjid al-Haram, Katta-Masjid,
etc.). In city centers, they are widely known as Juma mosques and guzar mahalla mosques. The
Qubo Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia, has been enlarged 10 times (Figure 1).
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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This was announced by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The project involves
expanding the area of the mosque by 50,000 square meters, the mosque will be able to
accommodate 66,000 worshipers. Tashkent region has taken 2nd place in the number of mosques
in the Republic. The number of mosques in Uzbekistan has reached 2073. In my opinion, there is
a star next to our mosques, a crescent moon, why this symbol is our symbol, where it came from,
I have thought for a long time about it, and I found the answer to this question: it is a symbol that
appeared thousands of years before Islam. A similar symbol was used by ancient peoples who
worshiped idols, such as Ancient Greece, Byzantium, and others. A similar symbol is also found
in Christianity. According to this theory, in the 4th century BC, the Macedonian army tried to
capture Constantinople (now Istanbul). The attack ended in failure: on the night of the attack, a
bright crescent moon flashed in the sky, revealing the Macedonians' movements. Having repelled
the invaders, the Byzantines began to consider the moon a symbol of the country. By 1453, the
Byzantine Empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. The victors preserved the traditions of
the defeated country and began to widely use the symbol that had become popular there.
According to another theory, the crescent moon became a symbol of Islam from 1299.
Compared to the Juma mosque and the guzar (neighborhood) mosques, its structure is solid. In
Central Asia, the general structure of the J. m. is a murabba or rectangular khanaqoh, surrounded
by an aiwan on one (front or side) side, two (south and east or north and east) or three sides. The
roof of the khanaqoh is domed or with beams. The size of the aiwan and khanaqoh is determined
by the number and row of beams, sometimes the khanaqoh has 1, 2, 4 domes, a row of columns
around the aiwans, and a pool between the mezana and the courtyard. The first J. m. in Bukhara
was commissioned by Qutayba ibn Muslim in 713. A local pagan temple was adapted for this
mosque. In the 14th-15th centuries, J. m. Famous architects and engineers of the time were
mobilized for its construction (see Al-Aqsa Mosque, Al-Masjid al-Haram, Masjidi Kalon, Bibi
Khanum Mosque, Delhi Mosque).
The Masjid al-Haram is the largest and most sacred mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and the first
mosque built for Muslims to worship. It is so named because bloodshed and other sinful acts are
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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forbidden in this mosque. The mosque has nine minarets (each 95 meters high), four main gates,
and forty-one doors. Eleven staircases lead to the second and third floors of the mosque.
"Al-Aqsa Mosque" means "the far mosque" and was built in Jerusalem, on the side of Solomon.
Before Islam, Arabs and then Muslims used it as the direction of prayer. In the second year of
the Hijra, Muslims began to pray facing the Kaaba in Mecca as the direction of prayer, as
dictated by the Quran. "Al-Masjid an-Nabawi" is located in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) bought the site for ten dinars and
personally participated in the construction of the mosque, leading his companions. The mosque
is built of raw bricks, the ceiling is made of date palm branches, and the pillars are made of date
palm wood.
The mosque's two 105-meter and four 75-meter minarets, more than 400 pillars, 6,800
chandeliers, and large retractable umbrellas that shield pilgrims from the scorching sun add to
the beauty of the complex. During the day, the complex is the color of sand in the sunlight, and
the dome of the chamber, where the tomb of our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is
green.
List of used literature:
1. The Holy Quran, Jin, verse 18
2. Sahobov O. Three Holy Mosques. – T.: Movarounnahr, 2017.
3. “An-Naim ul-Kabir” Arabic-Uzbek dictionary. – Namangan. Namangan, 2014.
4. Tafsir Hilol. 6th Volume / Translation and commentary by Sheikh Muhammad Sodiq 5.
Muhammad Yusuf. – T.: Sharq Publishing-Printing Association, 2009.
5. Tafsir Hilol. 1st Volume / Translation and commentary by Sheikh Muhammad Sodiq
Muhammad Yusuf. – T.: Sharq Publishing-Printing Association, 2009.
6. Tafsir Hilol. 3rd Volume / Translation and commentary by Sheikh Muhammad Sodiq
Muhammad Yusuf. – T.: Sharq Publishing-Printing Association, 2009.
7. Huzariy, Muhammad. – Nurul yaqin: Based on the Uyghur text translated from Arabic by M.
Salih, translated into Uzbek by E. Usmanov. – T.: Cholpon, 1992.
8. Tafsir Hilol. 2-Juz / Translation and commentary author Sheikh Muhammad Sodiq
Muhammad Yusuf. – T.: Sharq Publishing-Printing Association, 2009.
9. Konrapa, Muhammad Zako. Our Prophet (pbuh) and the history of Islam / Editor Sheikh
Abdulaziz Mansur. – T.: Sharq, 2017.
10.
http://islamdag.ru/istoriya/30989.
