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INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION OFFENSIVE MOVEMENTS BY
IMPROVING THE TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF QUALIFIED GRECO-
ROMAN WRESTLERS
Rakhmanov Eldor Tolibjonovich
Uzbek State University of Physical Education and Sports
E-mail:
Abstract:
This article studies the issues of increasing the effectiveness of technical and tactical
actions by improving the combinational actions of Greco-Roman wrestlers. The study analyzes
effective training methods aimed at increasing the technical and tactical preparation of athletes,
and scientifically examines the role of the combinational approach in their offensive actions.
Keywords:
Greco-Roman wrestling, technical and tactical preparation, combination, sports
training, coordination of movements, attack effectiveness.
Relevance of the research.
Greco-Roman wrestling requires a high level of physical
abilities and technical and tactical skills of athletes to succeed in modern international
competitions. The amendments to the international wrestling rules in 2018 emphasized active
offensive movements and increased the need to develop combination strategies. “Combination
offensive movements are based on a sequence of deceptive movements and throws to overcome
the opponent’s defense” (15; 45-b), which confirms their central role in the effectiveness of the
competition. As Sh. Tursunov (2018) noted, “combination movements put the opponent in an
unpredictable situation and give the wrestler a strategic advantage” (22; pp. 318–322).
The physical and technical foundations of combination attacks have been widely studied
in the scientific literature. L. Matveyev (2021) believes that “physical qualities, in particular
muscle strength and agility, serve as the main support in performing complex technical
movements” (16; 67-b). At the same time, “specific muscle groups, especially the back and
shoulder muscles, require a high level of coordinated strength and endurance in combination
attacks” (14; 10–15-b). Bompa (1999) emphasizes that “to increase the effectiveness of
combination movements, it is necessary to use training loads adapted to specific muscle groups”
(4; 134-b). Yu. Verkhoshansky (2021) points out the importance of modern training methods,
stating that “special strength exercises using elastic resistance devices increase the speed and
accuracy of throwing movements” (25; 89-b). However, Issurin (2015) notes that there is a
scientific gap in this area, stating that “special methodologies for developing combination
movements for skilled athletes are lacking” (12; 112-b).
In domestic research, F. Kerimov (2002) showed that “combination attacks can increase
efficiency by 15-20% through synchronization of deception and throws” (13; 145-b). At the
same time, at the international level, “the effectiveness of attacks in Greco-Roman wrestling is
based on a combination of deception and throws” (3; 342-b), which requires special attention in
training. Franchini et al. (2011) emphasize that “training should be focused on the rapid
execution of combination attacks to improve technical and tactical skills” (8; 147–166-b).
The importance of combination movements in competition has been confirmed by
numerous studies. “Successful athletes in modern competitions have the ability to perform
multiple movements in a sequential and coordinated manner” (27; 178-b), which is an important
skill for wrestlers. Tunnemann (2013) believes that “combination attack strategies are a key
factor for success in modern competitions” (23; 8-b). At the same time, “combination
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movements require a high level of coordination and rapid decision-making from the athlete” (21;
123-b), which indicates the need for special pedagogical approaches.
This study aimed to fill the scientific gap in improving combinational attacks in Greco-
Roman wrestling. The study tested a pedagogical experimental methodology that combines the
general and special physical training of wrestlers with technical and tactical execution. The
hypothesis that “a special training program significantly increases the effectiveness of
combinational attacks and competition results” was put forward and tested through
experimentation. This work aimed to support the success of Uzbek athletes in international
competitions, as well as to introduce new methodological approaches to global sports science.
The purpose of the study
is to improve the combinational attacking movements of
Greco-Roman wrestlers through special technical and tactical training methods.
The objectives of the research are:
1. To scientifically study and identify the methods of improving the combinational
movements of Greco-Roman wrestlers.
2. To propose and experimentally verify special technical and tactical training methods
aimed at improving the combinational movements of Greco-Roman wrestlers.
Methods and organization of the study.
The study involved 24 Greco-Roman wrestlers
(age 20.1±1.3; training experience 5.2±1.1 years) from Olympic and Paralympic sports training
centers. When recruiting athletes to the experimental (n=12) and control groups (n=12), equality
was ensured in terms of their age, experience, and level of participation in competitions (based
on the results of local competitions). At least three years of competition experience and the
absence of serious injuries in the last six months were also taken into account, which is
consistent with the wrestler selection protocols.
The pedagogical experiment was conducted in October-November 2024, during a two-
month pre-competition preparation period of the athletes in a regular training cycle, and the data
were based on the results obtained at the beginning and end of the experiment. The experimental
group trained according to a special program focused on combinational attacking movements,
while the control group followed a standard training regimen. This is consistent with the
recommendations for assessing training adaptations in wrestling (9; 1752-b).
The experimental program was developed based on the proven principles of technical and
tactical training (N. Tastanov, 2015) and strength training (Yu. Verkhoshansky, 2021) and
included three main components:
1. Combinations based on distracting movements:
The exercises focused on
distracting movements to break the opponent’s balance, ending with exaggerated throws from
the waist and shoulders. These exercises were adapted from the proposal of N. Tastanov, (2015),
who stated that “successful offensive movements in Greco-Roman wrestling are often based on a
combination of deception and throws.” Each exercise was performed three times a week, with
10–12 repetitions for each technical movement.
2. Resistance exercises:
Asymmetric throws from the shoulders were performed using
elastic bands (resistance: 10–15 kg), which increased specific strength and coordination. This
was based on the recommendation of Ratamess (2012) that “specific resistance exercises
increase skill in complex movements” (18; 34-b). Each exercise was performed in 3 series, with
each exercise being repeated 8–10 times.
3. Isometric exercises:
Exercises that continuously maintain muscle activation (e.g.,
holding a position for 20–30 seconds) were used to increase endurance during combination
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sequences. This is consistent with Kraemer et al. (2004)’s idea of “synchronous muscle
activity for complex technical movements” (14; 112-b). Each exercise was performed for 3 sets.
The experimental program was integrated into a standard training schedule (three 90-
minute sessions per week) for a total of 24 sessions over a two-month period. The control group
continued their usual training program, focusing on general fitness and basic techniques, without
special emphasis on combination movements.
Several methods were used for a comprehensive evaluation, which is consistent with the
standards of wrestling research (3; 1426-b):
1. Literature review:
More than 30 scientific sources on Greco-Roman wrestling were
reviewed to formulate the experimental program.
2. Pedagogical observations:
Several competitive matches were videotaped and
evaluated by two experienced coaches, and common combination techniques, such as waist and
shoulder throws, were identified (10; 10–12-b).
3. Control tests:
The following tests were conducted at the beginning and end of the
experiment, and indicators of physical fitness (strength, endurance, agility) and technical skill
(level of success of combination movements) were obtained.
All control tests were conducted under standard conditions (e.g., the same carpet surface,
temperature 22–24°C), ensuring reliability (4; 245-b).
Results and discussion.
Significant differences were found between the experimental
and control groups after 2 months of pedagogical experience. The results are presented as
follows in terms of physical fitness, technical skills and competition performance.
Physical fitness performance in the experimental group improved significantly. The 30-
meter run time in the experimental group was 5.13 seconds on average at the beginning of the
experiment, but by the end of the experiment it decreased to 4.17 seconds (p<0.05), and in the
control group it changed from 4.96 seconds to 4.54 seconds (p<0.01), the difference between the
groups was statistically significant (t = 2.64, p < 0.01). The pull-up performance on the
horizontal bar increased from 17.79 to 21.93 times (p<0.01) in the experimental group, and from
17.27 to 19.33 times (p<0.01) in the control group (t=3.32, p<0.01). It can be seen that the
increase in the standing long jump result was significantly higher in the experimental group
(19.26%) than in the control group (6.78%) (t=2.66, p<0.01). The rate of descent from a standing
position to a bridge position (5 times) was 12.32 seconds in the experimental group at the
beginning of the experiment and 10.21 seconds (17.13%) at the end, while in the control group it
was 9.38% (p<0.05), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant
(t=1.97, p>0.05). The number of repetitions of neck muscle-building movements in the bridge
position in 60 seconds increased from 49.74 to 65.87 times in the experimental group (p<0.001)
and from 51.36 to 57.35 times (p<0.001) in the control group (t=3.62, p<0.001) (Table 1).
Table 1
Dynamics of physical fitness levels of the control and experimental groups at the beginning
and end of the study
Indicator
Experimental
group
(TG)
t
p
Control group (NG)
t
p
at
the
beginning
of
the
at the end
of
the
study
at
the
beginning
of
the
at the end
of
the
study
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study
study
30 meter
dash
(seconds)
5,13±0,61
4,17±0,46
4,3
5
<0.00
1
4,96±0,57
4,54±0,51
1,9
0
>0.0
5
Pull-ups
on
the
horizont
al
bar
(times)
17,79±2,47 21,93±2,89
3,1
3
<0.00
1
17,27±2,31
19,33±2,53
2,0
8
<0.0
5
Standing
long
jump
(cm)
173,26±16,
98
209,66±19,
14
4,9
3
<0.00
1
180,26±16,
94
192,49±17,
68
1,7
1
>0.0
5
Falling
from
a
standing
position
to
a
bridge
position
5 times
(seconds)
12,32±1,33 10,21±1,04
4,3
3
<0.00
1
11,94±1,26
10,82±1,11
2,3
1
<0.0
5
Neck
muscle-
building
repetitio
ns
in
bridge
position
(within
60
seconds)
(times)
49,74±6,89 65,87±8,74
5,1 <0.00
1
51,36±6,93
57,35±7,54
2,0
3
<0.0
5
These results show that the special training program used in the experimental group
significantly increased physical fitness indicators. In particular, in such indicators as 30-meter
run, pull-up on the horizontal bar, long jump and 60-second repetition of the neck muscle-
developing movement in the bridge position, the experimental group achieved higher results than
the control group. Although the difference between the groups in the indicator of falling from a
standing position to a bridge position was insignificant, the increase in the level of general
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physical fitness was much higher in the experimental group. This confirms the effectiveness of
the special training program and its important role in improving the physical fitness of Greco-
Roman wrestlers.
Table 2
Dynamics of control test indicators for technical methods at the beginning and end
of the study in the control and experimental groups
Indicator
Experimental
group
(TG)
Control group (NG)
t
p
at
the
beginning
of
the
study
at the end
of
the
study
at
the
beginning
of
the
study
at the end
of
the
study
Grabbing
the opponent
by the arm
and
waist
and
throwing
them above
the waist
17,26±2,17 22,79±2,76
5.46 <0,001
17,75±2,29 19,19±2,34 1.52 >0,05
Pulling the
opponent by
the arm and
taking them
to
the
ground
-
throwing
them
over
the
shoulders
18,94±2,04 21,41±2,19
2.86 <0,001
18,24±1,98 18,46±1,94 0.27 >0,05
To throw an
opponent
over the head
by grabbing
their
arms
and
neck
from above –
throwing
them
over
their
shoulders
19,12±1,87 23,83±2,16
5.71 <0,001
19,77±1,94 21,29±1,94 2.48 <0,05
Holding the
opponent by
the arms and
waist
and
throwing
20,87±2,42 27,11±3,03
5.57 <0,001
21,58±2,58 23,03±2,56 1.38 >0,05
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them over the
chest
–
throwing
them over the
waist
To take an
opponent to
the ground
by
pulling
them by the
arm
–
a
throw above
the waist
19,48±2,06 21,89±2,25
2.74 <0,05
18,82±2,05 20,32±2,09 1.77 >0,05
To throw an
opponent
over
the
shoulder by
grabbing their
arms
and
neck
from
above.
20,98±2,44 25,75±2,88
4.38 <0,001
20,35±2,42 23,09±2,58 2.65 <0,05
Note:
All exercises were performed with a partner of equal weight for 60 seconds.
In the experimental group, the number of throws by grabbing the opponent by the arm and
waist was 17.26 at the beginning of the study, and reached 22.79 at the end of the study
(p<0.001), while in the control group it changed from 17.75 to 19.19 (p<0.05), the difference
between the groups was statistically significant (t=4.87, p<0.001). The number of throws by
grabbing the opponent by the arm and transferring him to the ground - throws by the shoulders
increased from 18.94 to 21.41 (p<0.001) in the experimental group, and from 18.24 to 18.46
(p>0.05) in the control group (t=4.94, p<0.001). The rate of throwing the opponent by the arms
and neck from the front and above - throwing the opponent by the shoulders changed from 19.12
to 23.83 (p<0.001) in the experimental group, and from 19.77 to 21.29 (p<0.05) in the control
group (t=4.29, p<0.001). The rate of throwing the opponent by the arms and waist from the chest
- throwing the opponent by the waist increased from 20.87 to 27.11 (p<0.001) in the
experimental group, and from 21.58 to 23.03 (p<0.05) in the control group (t=5.20, p<0.001).
The rate of throwing an opponent by the arm - throwing from the waist increased from 19.48 to
21.82 (p<0.05) in the experimental group, and from 18.82 to 20.32 (p<0.05) in the control group
(p<0.05). The rate of throwing an opponent by the arm and neck from the front and above -
throwing from the shoulders increased from 20.98 to 25.75 (p<0.01) in the experimental group,
and from 20.35 to 23.09 (p<0.01) in the control group (t=3.37, p<0.01).
This means that the special training program applied to the participants of the experimental
group significantly increased the indicators of technical methods. In particular, the experimental
group achieved higher results than the control group in such indicators as throwing the opponent
by the arm and waist, throwing the opponent by the arm and waist from the chest - throwing the
opponent from the waist, and throwing the opponent by the arm and neck from the front -
throwing the opponent from the shoulders. At the same time, although the increase in the
indicator of throwing the opponent by the arm to the ground - throwing the opponent from the
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waist was relatively lower, the increase in the level of general technical and tactical skills was
much higher in the experimental group. This confirms the effectiveness of the special training
program and its important role in improving the technical methods of Greco-Roman wrestlers.
Analysis of the competition results of the participants of the experimental and control
groups shows that the applied methodology has yielded results, and the experimental group has
achieved higher results than the control group. In the experimental group, the number of matches
won by points by performing one technical method during the competition increased from 8 to
10, and in the control group from 9 to 11. In particular, it can be seen that the experimental group
also had a high increase in the number of matches won using simple and combination attack
movements. It is also clear that the experimental group was more effective than the control group
in terms of the number of victories in competitions (Table 3).
Table 3
Dynamics of the results achieved by the experimental and control groups in the
competition activities
T
/r
Name of the indicators during the
competition period
Control group (CG)
Experimental
group
(NG)
at
the
beginnin
g of the
study
at the end
of
the
study
at
the
beginning
of
the
study
at
the
end
of
the
study
1
Number of matches won on points by
performing one technique in a
competition
9
11
8
10
2 Number of matches won using simple
attacking moves in the competition
5
6
4
13
3 Number of matches won using
combination attacks in the competition
2
2
1
6
4 Number of wins
16
19
13
30
Conclusion.
This study aimed to study the effectiveness of a special pedagogical approach
to improving the combined attack movements of Greco-Roman wrestlers. During the two-month
experiment, the special training program achieved significant results in increasing the physical
fitness, technical and tactical skills of athletes and the effectiveness of competition activities. The
combination of exercises used in the study served to develop the speed, accuracy and strategic
approach of athletes. The results showed that the special program significantly improves not only
individual performance, but also the overall effectiveness of the competition.
In practice, this approach can serve as a valuable methodological tool for coaches,
especially in the process of preparing for high-level competitions. The study corresponds to the
strategic goals of introducing modern training methods into the sports training system and
contributes to a certain extent to increasing the competitiveness of athletes in the international
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arena. At the same time, the study provides new scientific data to sports science and provides
practical recommendations for the development of combined attack strategies.
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