Authors

  • Umida Khoshimova
    Tdpu Named After Nizami

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.ijai.75212

Abstract

If we talk about Indian architecture, the examples of architecture built in India are distinguished from other cultures by their beauty, uniqueness, rich philosophical ideas in terms of color and symbols.

 

 

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SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF SEASON SYMBOLS IN ARCHITECTURAL

DECORATIONS AND ITS EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

Khoshimova Umida Talat

Independent Researcher Of Tdpu Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan

umidaxoshimova08@mail.ru

, +998909848808

Abstract:

If we talk about Indian architecture, the examples of architecture built in India are

distinguished from other cultures by their beauty, uniqueness, rich philosophical ideas in terms

of color and symbols.

Key words:

India, architecture, Jaipur, copper gates, Indian gods, symbols, decorations, Pritam

Niwas Chowk courtyard, seasons.

The issue of educating our educated youth is currently one of the most important issues. In

this regard, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, in his speech at the conference "Ensuring social stability,

preserving the purity of our sacred religion - the demand of the time" held in Tashkent on June

15, specifically touched upon the education of the younger generation. "Another important issue

that always worries us is the morality, behavior, in a word, worldview of our youth. Today, times

are changing rapidly. Who feels these changes more than anyone else - the youth. Let the youth

be in harmony with the requirements of their time. But at the same time, let them not forget their

identity. Let the call to who we are, what great people we are, always resonate in their hearts and

encourage them to remain true to their identity. At the expense of what will we achieve this? At

the expense of education, upbringing, and only upbringing" [1], our President emphasized.

Indeed, the role of education in cultivating individuals who are aware of their identity and have a

broad worldview is incomparable. The philosophical idea that is reflected in the decoration of

architectural monuments in the educational process will certainly have an impact on the

education of our students.

So, how can we influence the education of our students through symbols? In this regard,

let's analyze symbolically the decorations of the copper gates of the "City Palace" in Jaipur, India,

representing the seasons.

In the process of spiritual development of each nation, its own unique characteristics and

forms of art, principles and styles of artistic creativity, and its favorite types are created [4; 6-p].

India stands out among many other countries with its nature, traditions, art, and culture. In

particular, Indian architecture is unique in its diversity, complex elements, and beauty created

from a mixture of Buddhism and Islam.

As a result of the introduction of Islam into India, various new devices began to appear in

architecture. In particular, mosques, palaces, mausoleums, and madrasas began to be built.

Innovations in Indian architecture are arches and domes. A minaret and a porch were added to

the construction, and in many places ornaments were used instead of statues [3; 71-p].

It is no coincidence that Professor Bulatov S.S., as part of his study of the symbols in the

decorations of the Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world, noted that the decorations

of this architectural monument symbolized the “Paradise on Earth”.

If we talk about the history of Jaipur architecture, Shamsuddin Ibrahim (1402-1436) showed

himself as one of the most enlightened rulers of his time. He carried out major reforms in

architecture and art. Therefore, in a short time he built many magnificent buildings - palaces,


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American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025

Journal:

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mosques, tombs and all the monuments of his capital, which showed a mixture of Islamic culture

with external decorations [5; 42-p].

As a continuation of these constructions, a new city plan for Jaipur was developed by

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1728. New constructions began to rise in the city [6; 28-47-p].

The Austrian Jesuit Father Joseph Tiffenthaler visited the city soon after its completion and said:

“This city, although certainly new, is the most beautiful of all the ancient cities of India. For the

streets are wide and long, and they have a modern and elegant appearance” [7].

Figure 1. New city plan of Jaipur.

Located in the heart of Jaipur city, the City Palace is surrounded by a boundary wall, and the

oldest building and the center of the complex were built in 1724-1734 [8; 21-p]. The City Palace

can be said to be covered with elegant and charming decorations. It is an aesthetically pleasing

blend of luxury, beauty and magnificent Rajput and Mughal architecture. The palace is built of

red and pink sandstone, gleaming white marble, and is filled with ancient artwork, intricate

details and kaleidoscopic patterns. The City Palace includes a charming seven-story fort, an

antique museum, spacious courtyards, luxurious rooms, perfectly arranged gardens and charming

arches - all carefully designed to perfection. The lavish design of the palace is attributed to two

talented architects: Bengali Vidyadhar Bhattacharya and British Samuel Swinton Jacob [14].

The most prominent and most visited structures in the complex are the Chandra Mahal,

Mubarak Mahal, Shri Govind Dev Temple, Pritam Niwas Chowk Courtyard, and the City Palace

Museum [15].


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Figure 2. Plan of the City Palace: 1. Mubarak Mahal; 2. Gun Hall; 3. Rajendra Pal; 4. Diwan-i-

Has; 5. Pritam Niwas Chowk; 6. Chandra Mahal; 7. Diwani-Am.

The world-famous seasonal gates that we are going to explore are located in the Pritam

Niwas Chowk courtyard of the City Palace. This courtyard is entered through the Ridhi Sidhi

Paul gate. The Pritam Niwas Chowk courtyard is also popularly known as the “Court of Love”.

As you enter this unique gated courtyard, you are greeted by four intricately crafted copper gates

that are sure to dazzle the eye. Filled with vibrant colors and adorned with precious patterns, this

gate is truly magnificent. The Pritam Niwas Chowk courtyard was originally used for festivals

for the royal family.

Figure 3. Pritam Niwas Chowk Courtyard.

The gates represent the four seasons and honor the Hindu gods. Lotus Gate: represents summer

and is dedicated to Shiva. Peacock Gate: autumn and Vishnu. This gate is the most popular

among tourists. Pink Gate: winter and Devi. Laheriya Gate: spring and Ganesha. Laheriya Gate

is marked with wave patterns. This gate is green and represents the seasons of change [14].

The first gate is called the “Lotus Gate” (Figure 4-a). Lotus is a symbol of perfection, a symbol

of peace, a symbol of purity. In Buddhism, the lotus is a symbol of victory over eternal enemies

and the path to a state of perfection [16]. The lotus flower is equated with the symbol of

perfection, as it breaks through the darkness of the swamp and emerges into the light.

Shiva is one of the sacred gods of Hinduism. In the Shiva tradition, Shiva is the Supreme God

who creates, protects and transforms the universe [15]. In the image, we can witness God Shiva

sitting on a lotus flower. Those who reach the glorious feet of Shiva, seated on this 1,000-

petalled lotus, will live a long life on earth.


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a)

b)

d)

e)

Figure 4. Copper gates of Pritam Nivas Chowk courtyard: a) Lotus Gate; b) Peacock Gate; d)

Pink Gate; e) Laheriya Gate.

Flowering period: from mid-July to mid-August. The plant is very large, reaching a height

of 2 meters, the diameter of the leaves is up to 1 meter, and the open flowers are about 30

centimeters. For this reason, this gate represents the summer season.

The next gate is known as the “Peacock Gate” (Figure 4-b). If we look closely at the Peacock

Gate, we can see that it is not for nothing that the Peacock image is elegantly carved in relief,

which is why this gate was given the name “Peacock” gate. The peacock is a symbol of beauty.

Since the peacock is a beautiful bird, it has found its place in such applied arts as ganchkor,

painting, coppersmithing, embroidery, kandakor and goldsmithing. When a peacock spreads its

feathers, one can see the beauty of the world. The symmetrical presentation of peacocks

indicates the beauty of the tongue and heart. The peacock is a symbol of beauty. Since the

peacock is a beautiful bird, it has found its place in such applied arts as ganchkar, painting,

coppersmithing, embroidery, kandakar and goldsmithing. When a peacock spreads its feathers,

one can see the beauty of the world. The symmetrical presentation of peacocks indicates the

beauty of the tongue and heart [2; 319-p].


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In addition, the image of a peacock is represented by a woman sitting on a peacock

symmetrically on both sides of the door. Research has shown that the fact that the Peacock Gate

was built in honor of the god Vishnu was not reflected in the symbolic analysis. The reason is

that the image of a woman is depicted on the peacock.

As part of the research, we witnessed the popularity of the legend associated with the

Peacock and the Hindu goddess Saraswati among the people. The goddess Saraswati is

represented as the goddess of wisdom, art and knowledge [17]. The musical instrument in the

hands of the goddess Saraswati and the musical instrument in the hands of the woman in the

image of the roof have been revealed (Figure 5). This musical instrument is called the Vina [15].

The colors of the yellow, red, and white wavy lines depicted on the roof refer to the autumn

season.

Figure 5. Goddess Saraswati.

Figure 4-d shows the Pink Gate. The Pink Gate At first glance, the pink color used in the

gate is a proof of the name given to the gate. The image of the sun is depicted above the door.

Below the image of the sun, a five-pointed star is used as a symbol of a snowflake. The

decorations behind the image of the sun seem to hint at the elegance of the winter season. The

leaves depicted on the pink background on the gate represent the end of the harsh winter and the

arrival of a charming spring.

Laheriya Gate - from the name of the gate, which at first glance represents waves, in Hindi

"

" means "wave" (Figure 4-e). Wave - represents the unevenness, irregularity, vibrancy and

changeability of life. Green - represents prosperity and new beginnings, brings peace and

tranquility, helps to eliminate negative emotions, concentrate and make decisions. The green

color is a symbol of renewal, which is reflected in its comparison with the spring season. The

Laheriya Gate is also built in honor of the Buddhist god Ganesha. Ganesha or Ganapati is the

elephant-headed Hindu god of wisdom and prosperity. One of the most popular and revered gods

among the Hindu pantheons [15].

From the above analysis, the philosophical idea behind the decorations and its educational

value for students is presented below:

The philosophical idea behind the Lotus Gate decoration in Figure 4-a is as follows: If a

person overcomes the hardships of life like a lotus flower bursts through the swamp and

blooms in summer, then bright days await him in life.


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The Peacock Gate decoration in Figure 4-b emphasizes that “Autumn is an inspiring

season for artists who are familiar with beauty, like the symbol of the Peacock.”

The symbolic analysis of the Pink Gate decoration in Figure 4-d shows that: “While

winter brings cold to the human div with its bitter cold, the human heart, feeling the

warmth and calmness of pink from the mixture of winter’s calm and excitement, should

live striving for goodness like white snow.”

The decoration of the last Laheriya gate reflects the philosophical idea that “Like wavy

lines, a person can face difficulties in life, and if he overcomes the difficulties and draws

the right conclusions, he can reach maturity like the spring season.”

Speaking of its educational significance, it is pointed out that a student should not give up on

difficulties, strive forward and move towards his goal, constantly work on himself, emdiv the

virtues of wisdom and hard work, and develop logical thinking and worldview.

In conclusion, it should be noted that Indian architecture not only attracts people with its

beauty and color, but also attracts people with its symbolic decorations. With the philosophical

idea in the decorations, it has an impact on the human psyche, worldview, and educational

qualities. We must reflect deeply on this decorative skill, not forgetting the spiritual and cultural

heritage left to us by master painters, and study, analyze, and appreciate their humble work.

REFERENCES:

1. Shavkat Mirziyoyevning “Ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash, muqaddas dinimizning sofligini

asrash — davr talabi” mavzusidagi anjumanda so‘zlagan nutqi — Uzbekistan _ DARYO.UZ

2. Рамзлар энциклопедияси. Тузувчилар: С. С. Булатов, М. С. Соипова. – Т.: «Fan va

texnologiyalar nashriyot-matbaa uyi», 2021. 928 bet.

3. N.D.Abdullayeva. San’at tarixi. Toshkent-“O’zbekiston”, NMDU-2006; 71 b.

4. Деменова, В. В. Искусство Индии : [учеб. пособие] /М-во образования и науки рос.

Федерации, Урал. федер. ун-т. — Екатеринбург : Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2016. — 116 с. ; 6

с.

5. Percy Brown. INDIAN ARCHITECTURE (Islamic period). D. B. TARAPOREVALA

SONS &: CO. PRIVATE LTD. Seventh Reprint 1981, 42.

6. Susuan.N.. The Mughal Garden as Design Module for the Jaipur City Plan. Journal of the

Society of Architectural Historians, University of California Press ;Vol. 72, No. 1 (March

2013), pp. 28-47

7. Joseph Tieffenthaler, Anquetil du Perron, and James Rennell, Descrip tion Historique et

Géographique de l’Inde, trans. Jean Bernoulli, 1st ed., 3 vols. (Berlin: Chrétien Sigismond

Spencer, 1786).

8. Centre for cultural resources and cultural training. Forts, Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan.

New Delhi; -2015. 21 p.

9. Mamadiyeva N.X. Falsafa (Mantiq qismidan). O’quv uslubiy qo’llanma. – T.: ToshDTU,

2021. -79 b.

10. G.Petrov. Oq nilufarlar yurtida. Inglizchadan N.Sultonmurodov tarjimasi. “Faktor press”.

Toshkent 2021.

11. Д.Н.Деменёв. Кандидат философских наук доцент, О логике художественного

процесса. Статья из рубрики "Философия и искусство"/2017

12. Свинцов В.И., Логика:Учеб. для вузов.- М.:Висш.шк., 1987.-287 с.


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13. Ю.В.Ивлев, Логика: учеб.-3-е изд., перераб. И доп. -М.: ТК Белби, Изд-во И25

Проспект, 2005.-288 с.

14.

https://www.tourister.ru/responses/id_39715

15.

https://www.tracyanddale.com/India/Rajasthan/HTML/jcpalace.html

16.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Palace,_Jaipur

17.

https://dzen.ru/a/YbPV6r8V4Srr2k1b

References

Shavkat Mirziyoyevning “Ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash, muqaddas dinimizning sofligini asrash — davr talabi” mavzusidagi anjumanda so‘zlagan nutqi — Uzbekistan _ DARYO.UZ

Рамзлар энциклопедияси. Тузувчилар: С. С. Булатов, М. С. Соипова. – Т.: «Fan va texnologiyalar nashriyot-matbaa uyi», 2021. 928 bet.

N.D.Abdullayeva. San’at tarixi. Toshkent-“O’zbekiston”, NMDU-2006; 71 b.

Деменова, В. В. Искусство Индии : [учеб. пособие] /М-во образования и науки рос. Федерации, Урал. федер. ун-т. — Екатеринбург : Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2016. — 116 с. ; 6 с.

Percy Brown. INDIAN ARCHITECTURE (Islamic period). D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS &: CO. PRIVATE LTD. Seventh Reprint 1981, 42.

Susuan.N.. The Mughal Garden as Design Module for the Jaipur City Plan. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, University of California Press ;Vol. 72, No. 1 (March 2013), pp. 28-47

Joseph Tieffenthaler, Anquetil du Perron, and James Rennell, Descrip tion Historique et Géographique de l’Inde, trans. Jean Bernoulli, 1st ed., 3 vols. (Berlin: Chrétien Sigismond Spencer, 1786).

Centre for cultural resources and cultural training. Forts, Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan. New Delhi; -2015. 21 p.

Mamadiyeva N.X. Falsafa (Mantiq qismidan). O’quv uslubiy qo’llanma. – T.: ToshDTU, 2021. -79 b.

G.Petrov. Oq nilufarlar yurtida. Inglizchadan N.Sultonmurodov tarjimasi. “Faktor press”. Toshkent 2021.

Д.Н.Деменёв. Кандидат философских наук доцент, О логике художественного процесса. Статья из рубрики "Философия и искусство"/2017

Свинцов В.И., Логика:Учеб. для вузов.- М.:Висш.шк., 1987.-287 с.

Ю.В.Ивлев, Логика: учеб.-3-е изд., перераб. И доп. -М.: ТК Белби, Изд-во И25 Проспект, 2005.-288 с.