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UDK 631.452
INFORMATION AND ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF GENESIS AND FERTILITY
Savich V.I.
Russian State Agrarian University
Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev
Nafetdinov Sh.Sh.
Bukhara State University
Annatation:
The genesis and fertility of soils are determined by the processes of transformation,
migration and accumulation of matter, energy and information. It is proved that these processes
determine the intensity of development of podzolization in soils, gleiing, and the sod process.
It is shown that on more cultivated sod-podzolic soils it is more profitable to grow, from an
energy point of view. Winter wheat, on less cultivated soils - perennial grasses. On less
cultivated soils there is a greater risk of yield decline under unfavorable weather conditions.
It is proposed to carry out an information assessment using multiple correlation equations. It is
proved that information and energy assessment of soils is necessary for the correct
characterization of the genesis and fertility of soils.
Key words:
soil, energy, information, soil genesis, fertility
Аннотация:
Генезис и плодородие почв обусловлены процессами трансформации,
миграции и аккумуляции вещества, энергии и информации. Доказывается, что эти
процессы определяют интенсивность развития подзолообразования в почвах, оголения,
дернового процесса.
Показано, что на более окультуренных дерново-подзолистых почвах выгоднее
выращивать, с энергетической точки зрения. Озимую пшеницу, на менее окультуренных –
многолетние травы. На менее окультуренных почвах больше риск падения урожая при
неблагоприятных погодных условиях.
Предлагается информационную оценку проводить по уравнениям множественной
корреляции. Доказывается, что информационно-энергетическая оценка почв необходима
для корректной характеристики генезиса и плодородия почв.
Ключевые слова
: почва, энергия, информация, генезис почв, плодородие
The aim of the study was the information and energy assessment of the genesis and fertility of
soils.
The objectives of the study included studying the influence of the energy state of soils on their
properties, assessing the influence of the relationships between soil properties and their
information characteristics on the properties, processes and regimes of soils.
Research objects
The objects of the study were sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region and ordinary chernozems
of the Krasnodar Territory (2, 3, 4, 6).
The research methodology consisted of assessing the agrochemical and physicochemical
properties of soils, their complexing capacity (1, 5), the rate of processes (9), the microbiological
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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activity of soils (7), salinity (12) of the root zone of plants (11), and calculating the relationships
between soil properties (5, 8, 10).
Experimental part
The genesis and fertility of soils are determined by the transformation, migration and
accumulation of matter, energy and information. In this case, the degree of influence of
individual factors on the rock, the duration of their influence and the sequence of influence with
the manifestation of synergistic and antagonistic effects are of great importance.
From our point of view, additional factors of soil formation are the geophysical fields of the
Earth and the microbiological activity of soils. In this case, the influence of soil formation factors
on the rock is determined by the intensity of their impact, duration, sequence of impact of
individual factors with the manifestation of synergistic and antagonistic effects. In all cases, the
processes of soil genesis and evolution involve transformation, migration and accumulation of
matter, energy and information.
Energy assessment of soil genesis and fertility
All processes occurring in agrocenosis and biogeocenosis occur with transformation, migration
and accumulation of matter, energy and information. They determine changes in soil properties,
processes and regimes occurring in soils. Simultaneously, processes with accumulation of
substance, energy and information and their loss occur in different parts of the system.
At the same time, in accordance with the Delgado principle, any reaction is accompanied by
absorption and release of substance, energy and information. Some components of water-soluble
organic substances decompose, others absorb the released components of substance, energy and
information and complicate their structure.
For all components of biogeocenosis, there are minimum permissible quantities and states of
substance, energy and information for their development, optimal and maximum permissible.
Their transformation, migration and accumulation are closely interconnected.
The accumulation of energy in the soil, in humus, in microflora and in phytomass depends on the
cultivated crop and soil fertility. This is confirmed by the data in the following table.
Table 1
Energy capacity of humus and productivity of field crops on sod-podzolic soils depending on the
degree of their cultivation
Culture
Option
Humus,
million
kcal/ha
Energy intensity of
phytomass,
million kcal/ha
winter wheat
perennial grasses
ОК
1
ОК
3
ОК
1
ОК
3
209
270
210
283
22,8
41,2
37,7
60,9
As can be seen from the presented data, the energy capacity of the phyto mass is significantly
higher under grasses than under winter wheat, both on poorly cultivated and well-cultivated soils.
The energy capacity of the phyto mass of cultivated plants often correlates with the energy
capacity of humus, the mineralogical composition of soils and is inversely proportional to the
amount of energy that plants must expend to achieve the planned bio-productivity.
The absorption of energy in the soil and the accumulation of energy in the yield of individual
crops, i.e. the profitability of growing individual crops, depend on the cultivation of the soil. This
is illustrated by the data in the following table.
Table 2
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Energy efficiency of growing individual crops on sod-podzolic soils of varying degrees of
cultivation
Fertility level
Culture
Alienation with yield, kca/ha
ОК
ОК
wheat
grass 1st year
wheat
grass 1st year
10632000
24149000
5537000
44344000
Fertility level Crop Alienation with yield, kca/ha
As can be seen from the presented data, it is more profitable to grow less demanding
agricultural crops on less fertile soils.
On soils of varying degrees of cultivation, there is also an unequal risk of yield loss under
unfavorable weather conditions. This is illustrated by the data in the following table.
Table 3
Risk of yield loss on sod-podzolic soils under unfavorable weather conditions, million kcal/ha
Culture
Degree of culturalization
Risk of crop failure, %
winter wheat
1st year grasses
ОК
1
ОК
3
-2
ОК
1
ОК
3
-2
99,0
96,7
70,0
45,1
Informational assessment of soil genesis and fertility
All substances contain energy and information. They are used by plants, microflora and soil with
different efficiency. Any process of transformation, migration and accumulation is accompanied
by a change in both substance, energy and information. Soil fertility and crop yields depend to a
large extent on the relationships between soil properties. Thus, according to our data, the
following relationships were observed for sod-podzolic soils in the pH range of 5.5-8.0: Zn =
22,8 – 3,2 pH; R
2
= 0,82; F = 12,3; Cu = 5,48 – 0,59 pH R
2
= 0,86; F = 17,6.
At the same time, relationships between several properties are manifested in soils. This is
illustrated by the data in the following table.
Table 4
Correlation between humus content and the content of mobile phosphates
and manganese in sod-podzolic soils (n = 34)
Hummus, %
Р О, mg/100g
Mn, mol/l ·10
1,17±0,06
1,19±0,09
1,86±0,05
1,76±0,04
4,79±0,47
25,45±1,80
4,64±0,94
55,40±20,10
0,30±0,21
0,03±0,03
1,40±0,40
0,34±0,17
As can be seen from the presented data, with an increase in the content of phosphates in soils, the
content of water-soluble manganese decreases sharply. As a rule, the content of mobile forms of
one element in the soil is associated with several soil properties. Thus, according to the data we
obtained, the dependence of the content of humus (U) in sod-podzolic soil depended on the
amount of phytomass entering the soil X1 (c/ha), on the amount of calcium entering the soil –
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X2 (kg/ha), on the ratio in the plant residues of the predecessor С/N (Х
3
): U = 0,74 + 0,03Х
1
–
0,03Х
2
+ 3,5Х
3
; R = 0,31; elasticity coefficient for U – Х
1
= 1,01; для У – Х
2
= -1,12; для U –
Х
3
= 0,54.
According to our studies, it is advisable to consider information relationships in the soil-plant
system, in the structure of the soil cover, in the horizons of the soil profile, between the
properties, processes and regimes of soils. As a rule, direct, reverse and sequential connections
and relationships are manifested. Information is carried by the relationships of matter, energy
and information, transformation, migration and accumulation, between solid, liquid and gaseous
phases. As a rule, the relationships between soil properties were described by regression
equations. However, they are valid only in certain intervals of dependent and independent
variables and differ with an increase in the number of variables. According to our data, it should
be taken into account that certain relationships are valid only in certain limits of independent
variables. In this case, the relationships differ for soil-memory and soil-moment. From a
practical point of view, it is important that both optimal soil properties and MAC and MPL
depend on the relationships. In this case, the past determines the present, but the future also
determines the present.
With an unjustified increase in fertilizer doses in soils, the law of diminishing returns is
manifested: a decrease in income per 1 ruble of costs, a decrease in yield growth per 1 ruble of
costs, a decrease in improvement in product quality per 1 ruble of costs. This is illustrated by the
data in the following table.
Table 5
Changes in the content of gluten and protein in winter wheat grain depending on the doses of
fertilizers applied
Option
Increase in gluten content per
1 kg NPK
Increase in protein content per
1 kg NPK
N
30
P
30
K
30
N
120
P
120
K
120
0,03
0,04
0,03
0,01
According to our data, for sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region, with a fertilizer dose of 174
and 313 kg of active ingredient per 1 ha, the yield increase in kg per 1 kg of NPK was 2.5 and
0.8 for wheat; for barley - 3.7 and 2.6.
According to our data, on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soil, with the introduction of NPK for use
by crops at 2% PAR and 3% PAR, the alienation from the field with the harvest was 29.3 and
25.3 million kcal/ha, respectively, or per 1 centner of NPK - 0.14 and 0.08. For the maximum
yield, these values were equal to 0.39 and 0.22.
According to the data we have obtained, the law of diminishing returns manifests itself not only
with unreasonably high doses of exposure to the soil of a substance, but also of energy and
information.
Conclusion
In all processes occurring in soils, there is a transformation, migration and accumulation of
matter, energy and information with the manifestation of direct and sequential interrelations.
Changes in the state of soils
It is necessary to take into account the intensity of the impact on the soil and the duration of the
impact, as well as the sequence of the impact on the rock and soil of individual processes,
including energy and information.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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The need to take into account the parameters of energy and information when assessing the
optimal properties of soils and maximum permissible concentrations of toxicants, maximum
permissible levels of impact on the soil-plant system of anthropogenic and geophysical fields of
the Earth is proven.
Literature:
1. Belopukhov S.L., Savich V.I., Baibekov R.F. Complexation of metal ions in soil solutions,
Agrophysics, 2020, no. 1, pp. 1-8
2. Belopukhov S.L., Trukhachev V.I., Baibekov R.F., Savich V.I. Assessment of chemical and
physicochemical properties of soils, lack of nutrients for plants and product quality,
Butlerov communications, 2021, v. 65, no. 1, pp. 87-91
3. Zamaraev A.G., Savich V.I., Sychev V.G. Energy and mass exchange in the field crop
rotation link, Moscow, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy,
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 336 p.
4. Savich V.I., Sychev V.G., Zamaraev A.G. Energy assessment of soil fertility, M., TsINAO,
2007, 498 p.
5. Savich V.I. Physicochemical foundations of soil fertility, M., RGAU-MTSA, 2013, 431 p.
6. Savich V.I., Balabko P.N., Sychev V.G., Gukalov V.V. Energy assessment of farming
systems, International Agricultural Journal, 2015, no. 5, pp. 12-15
7. Savich V.I., Mosina L.V., Norovsuren Zh., Sidorenko O.D. Microbiological activity as a
factor in soil formation, International Agricultural Journal, 2019, no. 1, p. 38-42
8. Savich V.I., Gukalov V.V., Sorokin A.E., Konakh M.D. Agroecological assessment of the
relationships between soil properties in time and space, Bulletin of the Soil Science Institute
named after V.V. Dokuchaev, 2021, No. 106, pp. 163-175
9. Savich V.I., Torshin S.P., Sorokin A.E., Gukalov V.V. Agroecological assessment of the
rate of physicochemical processes occurring in soils, Agrochemical Bulletin. 2021, No. 2, pp.
58-62
10. Savich V.I. Genetic and agroecological assessment of soils taking into account the influence
of soil formation factors, Plodorodie, 2022, No. 2, pp. 49-52
11. Tazin I.I., Efimov O.E., Savich V.I., Fedyanina E.S. Root hone of plants as a criterion of soil
fertility, Plodorodie, 2021, No. 6, pp. 9-13
12. Savich V.I., Nafetdinov Sh.Sh. The evaluation of soil salinization with the method of
electric vertical sounding, A German Journal World Bulletin of Social Sciences, An
International J., 2022, v. 7, p. 85-88
