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THE SPECIFICITY OF THE PORTRAIT GENRE IN WESTERN FINE ARTS
Yusupova Sharofat Yunusovna
National Institute of and Design named after Kamoliddin Behzod independent researcher
Abstract:
This article examines the history of the portrait genre, its role in Western visual art, the
works of the Italian artist Titian, the artist Hans Holbein Jr., who entered the history of world art
first as a well-known portraitist, and the works of Diego Velazquez, known as a portrait master.
Key words:
philosopher, dramatist, temperament
Portrait art has a history of several thousand years. In ancient Egypt, sculptors, although
they did not deeply depict a person's inner feelings, but they accurately represented his external
appearance. Greek masters, on the other hand, idealized the images of gods and mythical heroes,
poets, philosophers and public figures, expressing their attitude to the world of beauty in a plastic
solution.
For example, while ancient Greece produced lifeless portraits with facial expressions and
gazes, Roman artists created images with clear character and psychological characteristics in a
realistic style combined with decorativeness[3].
In the Middle Ages, religious and mythological images were created in European art, and
some masters created psychologically accurate portraits. The most flourishing period of portrait
art falls on the Renaissance. During this period, the glorification of the human personality was
considered heroic.
The great Italian painter, one of the greatest representatives
of the Venetian school, Titian's work reflects the humanistic ideas
of the Renaissance, and is distinguished by the multifaceted, wide-
ranging coverage of life events in his life-giving art, and the deep
revelation of the dramatic
events of the era. His calm
and joyful images are of
particular importance for the
brightness
of
life-giving
emotions, inner radiance. In
his individual and group
portraits, he meticulously
depicts his contemporaries,
their traits such as self-
confidence, pride, doubt,
hypocrisy, and lies. He ruthlessly exposes the essence of the
relationships of the depicted and the drama of the situation.
He chooses a unique look, clothing, situation, composition,
and background for each image. We can see it in his works
such as "Ippolito Medici" (1532-33), "La bella" (ca. 1536),
"Pope Paul III with Alessandro and Ottavio Farnese" (1545-46), "Charles V" (1548). The artist
Hans Holbein Jr. entered the history of world art primarily as a famous portraitist. At the age of
21, Hans became a famous artist. The portrait of Charles de Moretta by Hans Holbein expresses
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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page 1618
strength, hidden energy, seriousness, and courage. His portraits are distinguished by their clarity,
clarity, grandeur, and completeness of composition.
Evropa rangtasvirida birinchi planga kamer, Hissiyyotli
portretlar chiqdi va tantanaviy va rasmiy portretlar bilan
qarama-qarshi qo'ydi, bunda tasvirlangan narsalarni ulug'lash va
ko'kka ko'rish maqsadi ilgari surildi. The main theme of the
Dutch painter Rembrandt and his paintings is man, his life, his
inner spiritual world, the diversity of his feelings and
experiences. Its sources are individuals with strong wills,
spiritual wealth, and who maintain their human qualities even in
difficult circumstances. Its striving to open its external spiritual
world, its resistance to the spiritual power of light and shadow,
and
its
resistance
to
the
influence
of
color.
"Paul the Apostle"
It not only serves the volumetric and spatial image of
the image, but also became an important tool in increasing the
effectiveness of the work. These features are visible in his one-
figure "Apostle Paul" compositions. The work "Portrait of an
Old Woman" clearly and effectively expresses the inner world of a person, the greatest virtues of
humanity - kindness, generosity, humility and love, through the external appearance of an
ordinary person. In this portrait, the artist did not focus only
on the physical image, but through every detail he revealed
the person's spiritual state, life experience and inner sense of
celebration. The old woman's appearance, along with her
physical difficulties and the traces of her past life, presents a
person not as ordinary, but as someone with great moral
wealth, worthy of great love and attention. The colorful
range of psychological waves and personalities in
Rembrandt's portraits uniquely expresses the inner world,
personal characteristics, and life experiences of each person.
He undoubtedly sought to show the emotions and inner
world of individuals, rather than the usual idealization of the
external
"Portrait of an Old Lady"
appearance of portraiture.
For example, the imaginative, yet precise and realistic
images in "Portrait of an Old Lady" demonstrate great human qualities - humility, patience, and
kindness. The clinging little weight of the old woman, her loving and warm eyes, emdiv the
social and spiritual value of her life experience. Even in Rembrandt's group portraits, he presents
the problems of family relationships, social position in society, and interpersonal relationships in
a clear and contemporary psychological context.
It is known that when depicting a human portrait and creating it in a lifelike manner, one
must have a thorough knowledge of plastic anatomy [2.].
The highest features of the Spanish national character - modest expression, a sense of
personal dignity, etc., are skillfully depicted by the artist Velázquez. Court life played an
important role in the formation of Diego Velázquez as a portrait master, teaching him to study a
person deeply, to penetrate the state of the soul hidden under the mask of cold and cold affection.
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In his portraits of "Duke Olivares" and "Infante Baltasar
Carlos", created in 1634-35, he created portraits of courtiers,
friends, and students, depicted from the waist up to the chest.
Considering the history of definitions and examples of
portraiture, it is clear that this art is aimed at accurately and
realistically depicting people's inner world, emotions,
personality, and appearance. The evolution of portraits over
time, as well as changes in depiction styles and themes, is
closely linked to the creative development of art and the
human relationship to itself.
Problem:
The development and formation of the inner and
outer world of a person, personality in the history of portrait
art place in the world and
social importance helps to understand.
“Портрет графа Оливареса”
However, the creative decisions and interpretations of
the art of those times were often formed under the influence of socio-political conditions,
religion and culture. During the Renaissance, artists such as Rembrandt and Velázquez sought to
glorify the human personality, to express the inner world of a person, but at the same time, social
relations and the demands of the time also shaped the content of their portraits. The problem in
portrait art is that in some periods idealization and the concept of beauty prevailed, and the real
inner state of the person and various emotions were less reflected in the appearance. For example,
while portraits in ancient Greece were often idealized and perfected, during the Renaissance,
attention began to be paid to the true nature and inner world of a person.
Solution:
To elevate the art of portraiture to a new era, artists and creatives must focus
fully on the inner world of a person, striving to deeply portray their psychological states and
personality. Through creative freedom, art reveals its full and truthful characteristics by
depicting the true state of man. Also, portraits in art require more attention not only to beauty
and aesthetics, but also to the inner life of a person, his intense emotions and the relationship of a
person with time. The creative environment and the environment itself must also play a large
role in this process, because each era has its own style of depiction and content.
By the 18th century, the inner world of a person in portraiture was separated from the
outer appearance, and in portraits of aristocrats and courtiers, their inner world was not revealed,
but rather their external appearances became of great importance. The old school of painting
reached its peak in depicting the form and material of nature.[1.]
Conclusions:
At the same time, it is important to increase the influence of the younger
generation on art and create new forms of portrait art through their education. Portrait art has
historically played an important role in depicting the inner and outer world, mental state, and
personality of a person. From ancient Egypt to the Renaissance and to depictions by artists such
as Rembrandt and Velázquez, the art of portraiture has incorporated the social and cultural norms
of each era. Portraits, in their style and content, reflect the spirit of the era and show the
relationships between people, the true nature of a person, and attention to their inner world. The
Renaissance, a new era of portraiture, was characterized by a special appreciation of the
individual's worth. Artists such as Titian, Rembrandt, and Velázquez did not simply depict the
external appearance, but deeply and authentically expressed the inner world of a person, his
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1620
feelings, and his personality. Psychological clarity, inner light and drama are visible in their
portraits, showing the spiritual state, qualities and problems of a person. Also, the development
of portrait art created a unique style of attention to the human personality, his inner world and his
life. Through portraits, artists enriched the human being to a higher level, not by idealizing and
simulating his appearance, but by revealing his personal qualities, inner world, and sad and
dramatic situations in life. This ensured that the art of portraiture acquired a complete and
universal meaning.
In short, portrait art is an important tool for understanding a person's inner world,
emotions, and personality, and is closely linked to their social, cultural, and historical context.
Through portraits, artists depict not only the outward appearance, but also the person's inner
environment and place in the world, helping to deepen our understanding of social relationships
and personality.
References:
1. Kosterin N.P. Uchebnoe risovanie. -2-e izd., pererab. - M.:
2. Prosveshenie, 1994, - 236 p
3. Boymetov B.B., Plastic anatomy. Practical training T. 2011. p. 5
4. Khudoinazarova O'ghiloy "The history of the development of the portrait genre
5. Learning" article
6. “Art of Uzbekistan (1991-2001)” under the editorship of A. Khakimov. T.,2001
7. N. Abdullaev “National Portrait Art of Uzbekistan”. G. Gulom Publishing and
8. Printing House, 2011
9. N. Abdullaev “History of Art of Uzbekistan”. T., 2007
10. N. Akhmedova “Uncharted Path”. T., 2015
11. E. Akhmedova “Rakhim Akhmedov in Memory of Contemporaries”. T., 2019
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