INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1803
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF
WASTEWATER IN FERGANA REGION FROM HIGHER ALGAE WITH PISTIA
(PISTIA STRATIOTESL.) AND LITTLE DUCK (LEMNA MINOR L.)
Dadabayeva Ozodaxon Savriddin kizi
Trainee-researcher of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences
Abstract:
This article presents information on the biotechnological basis and diluted comparative
analysis of the biotechnological treatment of water from higher algae of the enterprises of
Fergana region with Pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) and Lemna minor L.
Keywords:
Wastewater, Pistia stratiotes L. , Lemna minor L. , tap water, dissolved oxygen in
water, biochemical consumption, macrophyte, biomass, nitrates, sulfates, tap water, useful
nutrients, biotechnological purification of water.
Introduction.
Today, environmental problems associated with the optimal use of world water resources,
prevention of pollution of water bodies with various wastes, and increasing levels of re-pollution
of clean waters as a result of the increasing expansion of production have an impact on the
environment and public health. Therefore, water discharged from residential areas, industrial and
agricultural enterprises into natural and artificial water bodies is directly converted into
wastewater without treatment.
Due to the violation of the ecological balance, scientific research is being conducted on the
creation of opportunities for biological purification of waters and reuse of purified waters, the
study of the feed ration of fish in fishery farms to increase their productivity, and the study of the
biomass of aquatic plants. The use of highly cost-effective methods of wastewater treatment by
reducing fresh water consumption, the determination of the degree of purification of such waters
using macrophyte plants rich in biologically active substances and their properties, the effective
reuse of them in the national economy, the reproduction of high-yielding species of plants and
their biomass, the use of the obtained biomass as additional feed for fish, and the increase in fish
productivity are of great scientific and practical importance.
RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY:
Water discharged into natural and artificial water bodies from residential areas, industrial and
agricultural enterprises is becoming directly wastewater without treatment. At the same time,
further improvement of effective wastewater treatment methods and creation of a system for the
effective use of such water and its implementation in practice are becoming an urgent issue.
After our republic gained independence, certain achievements were made in the optimal use of
wastewater resources, their protection and maintenance of water sources in a clean and hygienic
state, and biological treatment of wastewater. In particular, methods and technologies for
wastewater treatment have been improved to reduce the negative impact on the environment
when circulating water that is polluted to various degrees and is unsuitable for drinking.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1804
Due to the high content of harmful compounds in water polluted by waste, the health of the
population and the violation of the ecological balance, it is necessary to create opportunities for
water purification using biological methods and reuse of purified water, increase fish
productivity of fisheries and their feed ration. Scientific research is being conducted to study and
study the biomass of aquatic plants. Reducing freshwater consumption, using methods with high
economic efficiency, determining the level of such water purification and studying the process of
wastewater production and the properties of macrophyte plants rich in biologically active
substances. effective reuse in the economy, breeding nutritious higher plant species and
obtaining biomass from them, using the obtained biomass as additional feed for fish and
increasing fish productivity are of great scientific and practical importance. After our republic
gained independence, certain achievements were made in the Fergana region in the field of
efficient use of wastewater resources, its protection, keeping water sources clean and hygienic,
and biological treatment of wastewater. In particular, it improves methods and technologies for
wastewater treatment in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment and the
circulation of polluted and unfit for drinking water. The Strategy of Actions for the Further
Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan sets out "...further strengthening of the country's
food security". Based on these tasks, it established the physicochemical composition of
wastewater from the cultivation and reproduction of tall aquatic plants (Pistia stratiotes L.) and
small duckweed (Lemna minor L.), agricultural enterprises. Such a correlation was also noted in
the control and experimental variants planted with pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) and small
duckweed (Lemna minor L.).
RESEARCH RESULTS
We consider the treatment of wastewater from poultry farms in the Fergana region using the
algae Pistia ( Pistia stratiotes L.).
In poultry farms, poultry are fed products with various chemical additives, artificial lighting, and
artificial heating methods are used. The scientific significance of the research results is observed
by planting the plant Pistia ( Pistia stratiotes L.) in wastewater from poultry farms. Pistia actively
develops and produces a large amount of plant biomass, as well as the degree of purification
from organomineral substances.
The growth and development of the plant Pistia ( Pistia stratiotes L.) in wastewater and the
degree of wastewater purification are explained by the scientific basis.
As a result of the study, dissolved oxygen in water increased by 95%, ammonia, nitrates
decreased by 94-97%. As a result of biochemical treatment, water was purified, and the
purification efficiency increased by 96%.
Pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.), Eichhornia (Eichhornia srassipes Solms., Poptederiatseae) and Azolla
(Azolla sarolipiapa Willd., sem. Azollatseae) are perennial plants that grow on the surface of the
water and are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. Currently, these plants have been
successfully introduced to the conditions of Uzbekistan.
According to the results of our hydrochemical and microbiological studies, various wastewaters
can be completely biologically purified in 12-15 days. During this time, the number of
saprophytic microorganisms increases by up to a thousand times, and E. coli bacteria do not
appear at all after three to four days. The amount of microflora in the water decreases sharply,
microscopic fungi that are pathogenic for plants and animals disappear. The physical and
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1805
chemical characteristics of water improve, that is, the degree of oxidation of water decreases,
nitrogen and phosphorus ions in water are almost completely absorbed by plants, the amount of
dissolved oxygen in water increases, wastewater becomes clearer and, if used, its odor
disappears.
Water purified with the help of Pistia, Ryaska can be used for technical purposes, namely, for
washing livestock, watering agricultural crops, soaking hemp stalks, or discharged into fish
ponds and open water bodies.
The results of hydrochemical and microbiological studies show that various wastewaters can be
completely biologically purified in 12-15 days.
The creation of environmentally safe, economically affordable and effective methods of
biological wastewater treatment is one of the important factors in protecting water resources.
There are various methods of wastewater treatment. Currently, biological methods of wastewater
treatment, namely, treatment with the help of higher water and wetland plants, are recommended.
During the study, comparative analyses were conducted on diluted options in addition to
wastewater. As a result of the studies, it was found that if the amount of suspended solids in
water diluted with sewage and tap water was 79.5 mg/l (1: 1), then the indicator of seeds in water
planted with pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) was -26.2 mg/l, and in water planted with small
duckweed, the indicator decreased to -15.8 mg/l.
Biotechnological basis of treatment of higher algae with pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) and small
duckweed (Lemna minor L.). After determining the composition of the wastewater, 100 grams of
Pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) was planted per square meter of water in each aquarium, and its
growth, development and reproduction were monitored for 8 days. In return for the addition of
mineral substances, its biomass per square meter of water surface was -800. In a 3:1 ratio, -715
and in a 1:1 ratio, 570 grams. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water increased to 7.8 mg/l
in the first variant; 8.9 mg/l in the second variant; 9.2 mg/l in the third variant. The biochemical
oxygen consumption was 19.8; 15.3; and 10.5; mgO2/l, respectively, and the oxidation rate
decreased to 27.5; 23.6; and 20.7; mgO2/l, respectively. Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates in the
wastewater were completely absorbed by the plant. Chlorides were also found to decrease to
80.4; 69.4; and 62.3; mg/l, respectively; sulfates to 77.8; 58.3; and 41.4; mg/l.
Biological treatment methods involve the use of special bacteria in soil and water to decompose
(oxidize) organic matter. For these purposes, special aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms are
used. Bacteria clean drains during their life, then they are discharged into the ground.
Dried duckweed contains 30% protein in natural conditions, and up to 45% when grown in
special conditions. In terms of the content of amino acids (arginine, lysine), duckweed is superior
to corn. Shallow ponds, overgrown bushes, river tributaries, artificial and natural ponds can be
used to grow duckweed. The crop is harvested twice a week. It can also be dried and stored. It
forms a thick layer on the water, thereby preventing the development of harmful insects. To
obtain high biomass, mineral or cultural fertilizers are added to the water in moderation. To
achieve high results, it is necessary to monitor it and harvest the crop in a short time. These
plants can be fed to animals, poultry, and fish, both fresh and dried.
Discussion
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1806
Biochemical treatment of wastewater in farms and poultry farms of the Fergana region is carried
out in air filters (biofilters), aerotanks and biological ponds. Biofilters are reinforced concrete or
brick tanks filled with filter material, which are placed on a perforated bottom and are watered
with wastewater. Slag, gravel, plastic, etc. are used to load biofilters. Wastewater treatment in
biofilters is carried out under the influence of microorganisms that live on the surface of the load
and form a biological film. When the waste liquid comes into contact with this film,
microorganisms release organic substances from the water, as a result of which the wastewater is
purified. Aerotanks are reinforced concrete tanks with a length of 30-100 m or more, a width of
3-10 m and a depth of 3-5 m. Wastewater treatment in aerotanks occurs due to the accumulation
of microorganisms (activated sludge). Air and nutrients are supplied to the aerotanks for their
normal life. The advantages of the biological treatment method are the ability to remove various
organic compounds from wastewater, including toxic substances, simplicity of equipment design
and relative cheapness. The disadvantages include high capital costs, the need to strictly adhere
to the technological treatment regime, the toxic effect of some organic compounds on
microorganisms, and the need to dilute wastewater with high concentrations of compounds.
The issues of wastewater treatment (wastewater from industrial enterprises, household
enterprises and residential areas) and stormwater are an important part of nature protection.
Sludge, colloidal and dissolved substances contained in wastewater are precipitated in clarifiers,
and harmful substances are neutralized by biological and biotechnological methods. Water from
enterprises is treated at special treatment facilities. There are also physicochemical, thermal and
other methods of water purification. However, the biotechnological method is considered the
most harmless and natural method.
Conclusion
In short, biological methods are widely used for sewage treatment. Industrial wastewater
treatment uses more complex plants than domestic wastewater treatment, and similar methods
are used. For this, special microorganisms are used that break down complex organic compounds
into simple elements (carbon dioxide, water and mineral deposits) in the process of their life.
Such treatment can reduce the concentration of organic pollutants to an acceptable level.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1807
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