INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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page 1838
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT IN TERMIZ DISTRICT
Shoimova Lobar Odiljon kizi
Master's student at Termez State University
Abstract:
Historical and cultural heritage plays a major role in the development of domestic
tourism. For many regions of our country, the use of historical and cultural heritage can be
turned into one of the real opportunities for economic, social and cultural revival. Historical and
cultural heritage objects are an important asset of cities. benefits and has a significant impact on
their economic development. Restoration of local cultural values, development of national
creativity, development of historical-cultural heritage and traditions ensures the rise of cultural
consciousness of local population. The article examines the experience of using the existing
historical heritage of Termiz district for the socio-economic development of the district.
Key words:
tourism, historical and cultural resources, Kyrgyz castle, Sultan Saadat complex,
Fayoztepa, Karatepa, al-Hakim at Termizy, Kokildar ata
INTRODUCTION
Modern tourism is characterized by various forms and types. The form of tourism is
associated with crossing the country's border. Therefore, they are characterized by domestic
tourism (i.e., travel within the country) and international tourism (travel to other countries for
tourist purposes). Cultural tourism is the spiritual perception of cultural wealth in its authenticity
through travel and excursions. It can be considered a system that provides all the opportunities
for getting acquainted with the history, culture, customs, cultural and religious wealth of the
country. The basis of cultural tourism is the historical and cultural potential of the country,
including traditions and customs, the entire socio-cultural environment with its characteristics of
household and economic activity.
Historical and cultural heritage plays a major role in the development of domestic tourism.
The restoration of local cultural values, the development of rational creativity, the traditions of
historical and cultural heritage help to raise the culture of the local population, historical and
cultural heritage increases the attractiveness of the territories, serves the development of city
services, infrastructure, and cultural organizations. For this reason, the use of the historical and
cultural heritage of the Termez district can become one of the real opportunities for the economic,
social, and cultural revival of the district.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Cultural and historical heritage represents the heritage of recent periods of social
development. Cultural and historical heritage should include material and cultural wealth
recognized by society, preserved by society in order to preserve social and ethnic identity, as
well as to pass it on to future generations. Cultural and historical objects are divided into material
and spiritual objects. The material cover of the means of production and other material wealth at
each historical stage of the development of society, as well as the spiritual complex of the
achievements of society in education, science, art, literature, organization of state and public life,
labor and life. .
According to their main characteristics, historical and cultural resources are divided into
six main types:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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1. Interest in cultural, graphic and other types of art, folklore, national trade, visiting
festivals.
2. Historical, interest in the history of the country, visiting historical monuments and
memorable places.
3.Archaeological, interest in the archeology of the country, visiting monuments of
antiquity, excavation sites.
4.Religious sources, interest in religion, visiting religious buildings, shrines, acquaintance
with traditions, rituals and ceremonies.
5. Ethnographic interest in the culture of the people, objects and phenomena of ethnic
culture, life, language, ethnic creativity.
6. Ecological view - monuments of landscape architecture.
There are 374 historical, cultural, artistic, architectural monuments, unique archaeological
excavations for the development of tourism in Surkhandarya region. On December 28, 2023, the
results of the study of the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On
Tourism" in the Surkhandarya region were considered at a meeting of the Senate Committee on
International Relations, Foreign Economic Relations, Foreign Investments and Tourism.
According to it, in 2017, tourists visited 48 tourist sites, while in 2023 their number had already
reached 116 (a 2.4-fold increase).
There are 17 of the most important historical and cultural tourist sites in the
Surkhandarya region. Most of them are located in the Termez district. Including: Kirgiz Castle,
Sultan Saodat Complex, Kokildor Ota Khanakohi, Hakim at-Termizi Mausoleum, Qoratepa
Buddhist Complex, Fayoztepa Buddhist Temple and Kampirtepa Castle.
The construction of the Fayoztepa Buddhist temple and the Koratepa Buddhist complex
is associated with the rule of the Kushan state.
Fayoztepa
is a Buddhist monastery (vihara) dating back to the 1st–7th centuries AD. It is
located in the north-west of the ruins of the Old Termez city near the city of Termez, 1 km
northeast of the Koratepa Buddhist complex, in the Muhammad Hakim Termizi neighborhood of
the Termez district. The discovery of Fayoztepa began in the spring of 1968 when shepherd
Absad Beknayev found a Buddha statue made of marl limestone on shifting sand and transferred
it to the Termez Museum of Local Lore. The monument was fully excavated and scientifically
studied in 1968-1976 under the leadership of archaeologist L. I. Albaum, and in 2004-2006
under the leadership of archaeologist T. Annayev. It served as a Buddhist monastery in the 1st-
7th centuries AD. According to the inscriptions found in this place, this religious center on the
site of Fayoztepa was called Haya-Vihara, that is, the Monastery of the Horsemen, in ancient
times.
The city of Kampirtepa
is an arch surrounded by a moat, and the inner city is
surrounded by a strong fortress wall with towers. People began to live in the citadel of the
ancient city at the end of the 4th century BC. The inner city was built at the beginning of the 1st
century AD and existed in this area until the formation of the Kushan kingdom in the 2nd
century AD.
Kirq-Kiz Castle -
An ancient castle is located 3 kilometers west of Old Termez.
Archaeologists have determined the approximate date of the construction of the castle: 9-10
centuries, but until the 14th century the castle was rebuilt several times. During excavations and
research that began at the beginning of the 20th century, many artifacts were found here:
fragments of household utensils, coins, plaster sculptures, etc. An ancient legend is associated
with the Kirq-Kiz Castle.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
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Kokildor Ota Khanaqohi
- located in the city of Termez, built in the middle of the 11th
century. This building is a sacred place revered in the Muslim world. The Khanaqohi is
distinguished by its unusual design and architecture. According to researchers, the building was
rebuilt in the 15th century, that is, a magnificent porch was added to the open wall in front.
Sultan Saodat -
a complex of mausoleums where the graves of the Termez sayids are
located. In the 9th century, the dynasty of the Termez sayids was formed, which made a great
contribution to the development of the state. Many residents of this region trace their origin to
the ancient dynasty. The main complex of mausoleums was built in the 12th century, and the rest
were built side by side in the 15th-17th centuries. They are located on both sides of a long
courtyard and consist of four halls with roofs and domes.
The Al-Hakim at-Termizi
complex is a unique architectural monument and a sacred
place of pilgrimage for Muslims. It is located on the outskirts of Old Termiz. The great Islamic
figure Abu Abdullah ibn Hasan ibn Bashir al-Hakim at-Termizi is buried in the mausoleum, who
was respectfully called the "father of Termiz" among the people. There are several other
interesting and noteworthy places on the territory of the At-Termizi complex. These are
chillahkhanars, that is, ancient cave structures dating back to the 5th-10th centuries BC, the ruins
of the ancient city of Tarmita (Old Termiz), and the Termez city museum.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays, these settlements are becoming centers of deep research, many monuments of their
time, that is, ancient objects and equipment, have been found in these settlements. These
monuments speak about the culture of their time. At the same time, these places have their place
in some sense among the tourist destinations. Tourists from different regions and even foreign
countries come to see these places. These places are still being studied in detail.
The development of tourism in the Termez district, the rational use of tourist potential have a
positive impact on the development of the district's foreign economic activity, the growth of
foreign exchange earnings, the improvement and diversification of the export structure. This
indicates the expediency of developing tourism in the following areas:
- improving the quality and exemplary service of museums and cultural heritage sites and
thereby strengthening their reputation, organizing cultural events such as international
exhibitions, conferences, festivals to showcase the country's historical heritage in the world
tourist market, significantly increasing the role of archaeological monuments in the field of
historical and cultural tourism, bringing them to the level of a brand among foreign and domestic
tourists;
- partially preparing archaeological monuments (conservation and restoration) for museum
exhibitions, introducing national craft traditions to the world by organizing master classes for
tourists in folk art centers;
- develop a comprehensive system of measures to expand and strengthen international relations
in the tourism sector, establish relations with international tourist organizations, attract foreign
investments and international loans to the tourism sector;
- create a material and technical base of tourism that meets international requirements and a
modern international tourism infrastructure through the construction of new hotels, campsites,
tourist centers, hotels, motels and the repair and modernization of existing ones, and effectively
use them;
- build, repair and expand international terminals at railway stations and bus stations, as well as
establish modern communication systems in all tourist reception centers;
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03,2025
Journal:
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page 1841
- provide comprehensive support to those engaged in folk arts, crafts, workshops, traditional
national products, souvenirs and products that are in high demand by tourists;
- providing the tourism sector with information and disseminating information about the tourist
potential of our republic to foreign countries through Internet sites based on the use of the latest
technologies in the tourism business.
Drawing a general conclusion from the above, it is necessary to consider the development of
historical and cultural tourism not only as one of the areas that can provide support for the
cultural sector, but also as an opportunity to increase socio-economic stability.
REFERENCES:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism" (Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan, 549,
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2. Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further improve the system of public
administration in the fields of tourism, sports and cultural heritage" PF-6199- April 6, 2021.
//www.lex.uz
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