INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 11
PROCESSES OF NEW WORD FORMATION IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Shomurodova Zinnura Zafar qizi
University of Information Technologiy and Management
Faculty of Social Sciences
1st-year student of Uzbek Language and Literature
Abstract:
This article analyzes the emergence of new words in the Uzbek language, their
structure, semantic aspects, and areas of application. It examines the growth of lexical
richness in language development and highlights modern methods of word formation—such
as affixation, abbreviations, translation-based words, and terms created through folk
creativity—with examples.
Keywords:
Uzbek language, word formation, neologism, lexical system, affixation,
abbreviations, modern language
Introduction
Language is a social phenomenon that is constantly evolving and enriching alongside the
development of society. In today’s global information era, new words are increasingly
emerging in the Uzbek language to express newly introduced concepts. This process calls for
new approaches to word formation.
Main Part
Do we need new words?
Absolutely. There is a growing need in Uzbek for words that describe new social, political,
and technological concepts. For example, terms like artificial intelligence, mobile app,
blogger, and online education are products of this need.
Main methods of word formation:
a) Affixation
New words are formed by adding suffixes to existing words:
dars (lesson) + lik → darslik (textbook)
yosh (youth) + lar → yoshlar (young people)
xalq (people) + ora → xalqaro (international)
b) Based on word combinations
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 12
Words like mobile phone, social network, and open source are combinations of two or more
words that function as single lexical units.
c) Abbreviations
OAV (mass media), XTV (Ministry of Public Education), TATU (Tashkent University of
Information Technologies)
d) Borrowed words and their adaptation
Blog, computer, scanner—these are borrowed from other languages and adapted to Uzbek
phonetics and grammar. For example: bloggerlik qilish (to blog), kompyuterchi (computer
specialist).
Problems related to new words:
Incorrect translation and usage
Usage without proper adaptation to the Uzbek language
Absence from official dictionaries
New words as a sign of development
The enrichment and modernization of a language prove its vitality and power as a social tool.
Today, words like blogger, startup, and online services have become firmly rooted in our
daily lives.
The formation of new words in the Uzbek language involves several processes, reflecting the
language's rich morphological and lexical characteristics. Here are some key processes of
new word formation in Uzbek:
1. Derivation: This process involves creating new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or
infixes to existing roots. For example, the suffix "-lik" can be added to nouns to create new
nouns that denote a state or quality (e.g., "go'zallik" from "go'zal" meaning "beauty").
2. Compounding: New words can be formed by combining two or more existing words. For
instance, "kitobxon" (book + reader) means "reader" or "book lover." Compounds can
express complex ideas succinctly.
3. Borrowing: Uzbek has borrowed many words from other languages, particularly Russian,
Persian, Arabic, and English. These borrowed terms often undergo adaptation to fit the
phonetic and morphological rules of Uzbek (e.g., "kompyuter" from "computer").
4. Conversion: This involves changing the grammatical category of a word without altering
its form. For example, a noun can be converted into a verb or vice versa, depending on the
context.
5. Abbreviation: New words can also be formed through abbreviation, where longer phrases
are shortened into acronyms or initialisms. For example, "O'zbekiston Respublikasi" is often
abbreviated as "O'zR."
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 13
6. Neologism: The creation of entirely new words to describe modern concepts, technologies,
or phenomena. This is particularly evident in fields like technology and science, where new
terms are needed to describe innovations.
7. Semantic Shift: Sometimes, existing words acquire new meanings due to changes in
culture or technology. This process can lead to the emergence of new word senses that reflect
contemporary realities.
8. Calque: This involves translating the components of a foreign term into Uzbek rather than
borrowing it directly. For example, translating "skyscraper" into "osmon qirqich" (literally
"sky cutter").
These processes contribute to the dynamic and evolving nature of the Uzbek language,
allowing it to adapt to cultural changes and technological advancements while maintaining its
unique identity.
Conclusion
Word formation is a creative linguistic process that reflects the development of society.
Managing this process scientifically while preserving the richness of our language and
adapting it to modern needs is one of the urgent tasks of today.
References:
1. Jo‘rayev, M. Lexical System of the Uzbek Language, Tashkent: Fan, 2018.
2. Qodirov, H. Fundamentals of Modern Linguistics, Tashkent: O‘qituvchi, 2021.
3. Karimov, S. Methods of New Word Formation in the Uzbek Language, Journal of
Philological Issues, 2022, No. 2.
4. Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language, 5-volume set, Uzbekistan National
Encyclopedia Publishing, 2006–2008.
5. G‘ulomov, N. Language and Society: Interactive Processes, Tashkent: Ilm Ziyo, 2020.
