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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOLK ORAL LITERATURE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
EDUCATION
Sotiboldiyeva Shoxista Jaloliddin kizi
"Senior Lecturer at Tashkent University of Applied Sciences
Sadarova Nilufar
4th-year student at Tashkent University of Applied Sciences"
Tel: +99899-122-07-87
Annotation:
This article discusses the importance of examples of folk oral literature in
primary school lessons, as well as the educational impact of fairy tales, epics, proverbs, and
tongue twisters, and their role in the development of speech.
Key words:
fairy tale, legend, proverb, saying, riddle, epic, narrative, means of folk oral
literature, pronunciation, speech, methodology, method, tool, technology, fairy tale, proverb,
riddle, saying, fable, primary school students, development.
Introduction:
The spiritual and moral development of the new generation, as well as
preparing children and youth for independent life, is one of the most important conditions for
the development of Uzbekistan. Solving the problems of moral education requires finding the
most effective methods or reconsidering those that are already known. Uzbek folk oral
literature is unique and distinctive. Originating in ancient times, it has not lost its significance
even today. It continues to live on, constantly evolving and influencing all layers of society
and all forms of art. Knowledge about folk oral literature significantly enriches and enhances
universal culture, allowing deeper insight into the complex and sometimes contradictory
human spirit, facilitating self-awareness, recognizing the creative nature of dreams, and
understanding people’s inner thoughts. Folk Oral Literature
Folk oral literature is a valuable cultural heritage created by our people over centuries and
passed down from generation to generation. It not only reflects the thoughts, emotions, and
worldview of the people but also preserves the national spirit. Teaching examples of folk oral
literature to primary school students plays a crucial role in developing their thinking abilities
and instilling respect for national values. Teaching national values through folk oral literature
is one of the most effective means of conveying our people's traditions, customs, and heritage.
By learning about the people's way of life, moral viewpoints, and important virtues such as
justice and honesty, children develop a love for their national culture. For instance, fairy tales,
proverbs, riddles, and folk epics instill cultural upbringing in children from an early age.
Proverbs, riddles, and wise sayings, which are part of folk oral literature, enrich students’
vocabulary. For primary school students, such materials help not only in mastering the
language but also in developing listening and comprehension skills. Students learn to use oral
expressions correctly and to apply various language tools effectively.
Encouraging Creative Thinking: Riddles, puzzles, and mental games—components of folk
oral literature—encourage children to think creatively. This, in turn, enhances students’
problem-solving, critical thinking, and inventiveness. Folk oral literature not only fosters
knowledge in children but also provides them with the ability to express their thoughts
clearly and accurately.
Studying the Historical and Cultural Heritage of the People
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Through folk oral literature, students learn about the history of their nation, its past, and its
noble virtues. Tales, epics, and legends provide insights into the lives of heroes and great
individuals of the past. This sparks students’ interest in history and culture and increases their
sense of national pride.
Learning to Communicate with Others
Folk oral literature teaches students how to interact in society, express their opinions, and
cooperate with others. With the help of wise sayings, proverbs, and epics, children learn to
express their thoughts effectively and show respect toward others. This educational value of
folk oral literature contributes to strengthening children’s place in society.
Emotional Development. Folk oral literature helps children understand various aspects
of life—such as love, loyalty, heroism, betrayal, and justice—through human emotions.
Through fairy tales and folk epics, children learn to distinguish between good and evil, truth
and lies, and how to manage and express their emotions. This positively influences their
emotional development. Fairy tales are one of the oldest and most well-known genres of folk
oral literature, reflecting the hopes, dreams, life experiences, moral values, and worldview of
the people. Although primarily intended for children, fairy tales also contain profound life
lessons for adults. Passed down orally from generation to generation, they often have unique
regional characteristics. Proverbs and sayings are among the most ancient and wise genres of
folk literature. They reflect the people’s accumulated experience, wisdom, and worldview.
Proverbs and sayings serve as advice and moral guidance on topics such as life experience,
ethics, labor, friendship, and justice.
A proverb is a short yet meaningful expression that embodies the wisdom and life
experiences of the people. It has developed over centuries through oral tradition.
A saying is a figurative, often incomplete phrase that uses metaphor, irony, or analogy.
Sayings tend to be satirical or indirect, typically ending with a hint or half-stated message.
A riddle is another ancient and popular genre of folk oral literature. It is a question-
like phrase that describes an object or phenomenon symbolically or with hidden meaning.
The purpose is to encourage thinking and expand one's knowledge and worldview.
A folk song is another form of folk oral literature. These include ceremonial songs, work
songs, lapars, yallas, and children's songs. Musical instruments add a special charm to them,
with many traditionally performed to the beat of a doira.
Primary school students gain the following educational benefits from folk oral literature:
Moral education (distinguishing good from evil through fairy tales and proverbs)
Patriotic education (understanding national values)
Speech development (through riddles and tongue twisters)
Organizational and Pedagogical Factors in Using Folk Oral Literature:
Effective methods of incorporating folk literature in education:
In the classroom: Use fairy tales to explain lesson topics.
Extracurricular activities: Organize storytelling evenings, proverb and riddle contests.
Collaboration with parents: Encourage discussions at home about folk literature.
Learning National Culture and Traditions The first step in teaching national values is
familiarizing students with their people's cultural and traditional values. This is especially
important for young children, as it helps them recognize their national identity through
exposure to customs, holidays, clothing, and other traditional elements. For example,
teaching students about national celebrations, weddings, and labor values fosters a strong
national spirit.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Folk oral literature is a key tool in teaching national values. Fairy tales, epics, proverbs,
and riddles provide insights into traditional lifestyles, justice, loyalty, and ethics. Teaching
primary school students these literary forms not only enriches their language but also deepens
their understanding of national values. Stories like “The Repentant Parrot” or “The Scarlet
Sails” help children grasp concepts like honesty, loyalty, and fairness.
To learn national values, children need to understand their people’s history. Through
history, they learn about the struggles, courage, and devotion of great ancestors, which
strengthens their patriotism and self-identity. Teachers can tell stories about historical figures
and events to inspire national pride in students.
Reinforcing values through reading and writing, both oral and written activities are
essential in teaching national values. By reading poems, stories, and proverbs in their native
language, students gain a deeper appreciation of their national culture and values. Writing
and sharing their own poems or sayings helps them internalize these values and improves
communication skills. Songs and dances also play a vital role in teaching national values.
Songs express the people’s emotions and desires, while dances reflect aesthetic values.
Singing traditional songs and learning dances help primary school students connect with their
cultural roots and enhance their creative and aesthetic development.
Developing Courtesy and Ethical Values in teaching national values, virtues like courtesy,
respect, cooperation, and helpfulness play a major role. Students must learn these behaviors
early in school. Teachers can instill social responsibility and cultural awareness through
lessons in etiquette, cooperation, and harmony.
Conclusion
Folk oral literature is not only an essential part of the primary education process but also
a powerful tool for teaching national culture and values. It enhances students’ language,
thinking, emotional, and social development. Therefore, it is crucial to study, instill, and
explain the educational importance of folk literature to children. Through this, students not
only gain knowledge but also develop respect for their nation's history and culture. National
values are essential life principles and ideals formed through a people’s historical experiences,
culture, customs, traditions, and worldview. They help preserve the nation's spirit and identity
for future generations. Teaching these values in primary school greatly influences students'
personal and social development and their national consciousness.
The process of teaching national values is vital for shaping primary students. It helps
them discover their identity by learning about their nation's historical and cultural heritage,
ethical values, and customs. Proverbs and sayings have long served as effective didactic tools,
teaching people how to live and work with simplicity and clarity. They share observations of
natural events and offer wise advice for different situations. These works convey key
principles of labor and ethical-aesthetic norms and have become a life guide. The folk genres
taught in primary school are quite diverse. Each genre has a distinct function: interpreting
historical events from the people's perspective, shaping moral potential, expanding
worldviews, and fostering emotional awareness.
Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions offer rich examples of these genres—
proverbs, sayings, riddles, and fairy tales—that reflect the wisdom and experience of
countless generations. These works emdiv the best qualities of the Uzbek character:
diligence, kindness, courage, generosity, love for neighbors, the homeland, and native land.
Thus, actively using minor folk genres enhances children's educational and cognitive
potential; they learn to speak more expressively and articulate their thoughts deeply, which
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 118
carries over into other subjects. Entertaining functions of these genres help develop logical
thinking, spatial perception, imagination, willpower, and general understanding of the
surrounding world.
Almost all challenges in speech development methodology can be addressed through the use
of folk oral literature’s rich material.
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