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TRADITIONAL PRINCIPLES OF MINIATURE ART OF UZBEKISTAN
Tuychiyev Fayzullo Raxmatullayevich
independent researcher
Abstract
:This article discusses the traditional principles of the Uzbek miniature school. In
particular, the masters, schools and traditions of miniature art, the necessary styles when
creating a miniature, composition, placement, symmetry, asymmetry, rhythm, proportion,
module, differential, stylization, etc. are scientifically covered. Implementation of the
principles of miniature painting in the art of painting with traditional varnish , the emergence
of a new type of art in the creative practice of Uzbek artists - lacquer miniatures.
Key words:
miniature, art, tradition, school, artist, work, principle, experience,art.
Introduction.
Miniature art is one of the most elegant forms of creativity of the Uzbek
people. In the 1960s, a number of Uzbek artists and folk masters set out to revive this
wonderful art form. Among them were well-known Uzbek artist Chingiz Akhmarov and his
students Javlon Umarbekov, Bahodir Jalolov, as well as young artists Niyazali Kholmatov,
Shomahmud Muhammadjanov, Abduvosit Qambarov, Gayrat Kamolov, Munira Sotiboldieva
and others. A creative workshop was organized and headed by Chingiz Akhmarov, an artist
who has been consistently developing the centuries-old traditions of Oriental miniature in his
works. The method of painting, which is the basis of the means of artistic expression used by
Russian miniature masters who have inherited the methods of calligraphy, is in many ways
reminiscent of the experience of the Middle Ages miniature artists of the East. In accordance
with the agreement on cooperation with Palex, one of the world's leading centers of lacquered
miniature art, in 1982 a creative group of artists from the Uzbek Experimental Workshop was
sent to this city. They were introduced to the production of semi-finished products from
wallpaper, obtaining the desired composition of dyes from powdery pigments based on egg
yolk, the heat regime in the processing of products, the use of fine particles, the method of
preparation of special brushes. Acquaintance with Palex patterns inspired Uzbek masters to
refer to the classic examples of Middle Eastern miniatures. The introduction of the principles
of miniature painting into the art of painting with traditional lacquer led to the emergence of a
new type of art in the creative practice of Uzbek artists - lacquered miniature. The process of
formation of lacquered miniature art was complicated.
Analysis and results.
Over the past 20 years, two principles have emerged in the
development of this type of creativity. The first – with a creative bias to the artistic heritage
of miniature painting, and the second-with a strict adherence to the rules of classical
miniature art, if the pattern reflects modern reality in the plot.
In the creation of miniature ages, it is necessary to adhere to the recognized methods of
composition, arrangement, symmetry, asymmetry, rhythm, proportionality, ratio, module,
differentiation, stylization for this direction.
The composition suffix is derived from the Latin word “compozito", meaning to compose,
combine, connect, combine different elements into one whole integrity and praise any idea.
Composition-applied in all directions of art. It is called Design in all kinds of design and
Applied Art. Painter creates an elegant work of art, comparing and placing different shapes
and landscapes in relation to each other. Such a case we can see in other types of art. We can
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cite a lot of such examples in sports, music, literature. The composition soy has been used
continuously since the renaissance as a term in the directions of Fine Arts.
Placement is the correct placement of the shape or image on the surface, which you need to
draw. Placement in the composition is of great importance for all specialties and spheres. The
painter himself should be able to correctly place the project he wants to draw on the surface.
As a result of not being able to correctly place all the elements in the composition, the basis
of which are empty works of art are formed. The composition will be so perfect if the
elements in the theme of the work are located correctly.
Symmetry is a Greek word, denoting the compatibility of measurements with each other. If
we give an example of symmetrical measurements, then the scale circuit is also located
symmetrically relative to each other. The theme of symmetry is incredibly extensive and it
can not be limited to time and space. Throughout the history of mankind, in almost any
civilization, in science, art and other types of intellectual activity, symmetry played an
important role. Symmetry can be met almost everywhere. Only it is necessary to know how
to understand and search for it. Many peoples from ancient times imagined about symmetry
as an equivalent of balance and harmony in a broad sense. The idea of symmetry, which is
inexplicably widely interpreted, can often be seen in painting, sculpture, music and poetry.
Symmetry's work activity often forms laws that are subject to ballet movements, symmetrical
movements are formed from the basis of dance.
Asymmetry this is an anti – symmetry law. Asymmetry is the aksi and violation of symmetry.
If the composition is built on the basis of asymmetry, then according to the basic rule it is not
symmetry, if the composition on the contrary follows the rules of symmetry, then asymmetry
will not be.
The rhythm is the repetition of the elements at a legally certain distance and the consecutive
arrival of the corresponding dimensions. Rhythm is a property that is organically inherent in
many phenomena of nature and human life. The periodicity of the development of various
forms of organic life occurs at the time of the day and night, the change of seasons. This
periodicity and recurrence leaves its mark on material forms.
When composing compositions, the application of proportionality methods is of great
importance. Two elements of the form are called proportionality, the mutual dimensional
relationship of the part. Legal relations in practice are divided into two groups, a simple
relationship formed by rational numbers of soda, an irrational relationship – by the product of
geometrical devices.
Radio is a relationship that allows to find an unknown dimension in a broad sense by
comparing it to another known dimension. The concept of proportion denotes the ratio of the
length of the line expressed in its initial meaning to the length of the line that exists in reality.
The ratio can be expressed in numbers or through straight line intersections of a certain size.
The module is the size taken as a basis for calculating the dimensions of the item. The fact
that the dimensions of the parts fall into the module allows with the help of them to assemble
exactly the same itself of a single piece, or use them in other items. The main module is the
initial size of the piece. This is common for different bodies and serves as the basis for
coordinating the dimensions of the details in its device.
A sharp differentiation in the composition occurs due to the condition that the feature of the
product pieces is an alternative, affecting the functional compatibility of the artistic value of
the composition. Sharp contrast determines the specific signs of the color of the item's
appearance in comparison. When assessing the properties of sharp divergence, items can be
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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compared in relation to each other. In the process of comparison, a sharp difference in some
size is determined by eye movement. The determination of the shapes will be affected by the
result of comparing the lines of the image with the eyes when assessing the sharply
differentiated relationship, the separation of the color difference will be a divorce according
to the property of the selected place.
Close features in the size, image, color, size, location, appearance of comparable bodies are
called subtle differentiation. This makes it possible to distinguish subtle marks between
bodies and parts of the same type. Subtle differentiation is a rather complex process of
comparison, consisting of a series of repeated movements of the eye. The subtle
distinguishing feature of the div is the insignificant difference in the size, shape, Sathy and
characteristic system of the object, which is felt in the general from the repeated movement of
the eye to the syncope. The subtle difference in Colors is known from the perception of a
trivial difference under the influence of a removable Tester. Sensing the subtle difference in
shape, its volumetric and spatial construction is also the most complex process.
Stylization is the generalization of the image, color, shape, and structure of plants, animals
and other things in nature in an artistic way, that is, symbolization. Students download copies
of the images of cheer, feathers, buds, leaves, flowers, animals, birds, natural landscapes,
mountains, rivers, Sun, stars and other manifestations from plants at drawing composition
unsurlari, symbolizes, summarizes the image, color, shape, and formations in an artistic way.
Using them wisely in miniature compositions creates very beautiful images. A person who
sees this receives aesthetic pleasure from the reflected form.
During the years of independence, along with the study of the traditional culture of the past,
the further development of miniature art became relevant. It has become an important part of
the spiritual heritage in the modern fine arts of Uzbekistan. Along with Lockley miniatures,
the art of manuscripts also flourished. Using ancient technologies, the artists copied the
works of famous medieval masters such as Kamoliddin Behzod, Mir Ali Tabrizi, Riza Abbas.
Several trends have been formed in the modern miniature painting of Uzbekistan.
Conclusions.
In this case, the miniature artists Sh. Shorasulov, Sh. Shoahmedov, A.
Tursunov, K. Mirzaev, M. Po'latov, A. Isroilov, J. Ashrapov, B. Nizomqoriev, Q. Shoislomov,
U. Qosimov, B. Hojimetov, D. Safarov, K. It is worth noting that the Rasulovs have achieved
great success in this field.
In short, modern artists are constantly working to revive historical events, depict the classic
works of Eastern thinkers and create magnificent monumental works, as well as to promote
the fame of Uzbek miniature art to the world.
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2. Shabaratov P. Miniature. Study guide. - Tashkent: «TAFAKKUR», 2011.
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4. Pugachenkova G. A. On the dating and origin of the manuscript "Khamsa" by Emir
Khosrov Dehlavi in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of
Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. / Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR.
T. 17. - Stalinabad, 1953.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
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page 122
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