INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 442
THE ISSUE OF EDUCATION IN THE CREATIVE WORKS
OF ABDULLA AVLONIY
Sheraliyev Sanjarbek Karimberdiyevich
Lecturer at Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Yunusova Samia Xasan qizi
2nd-year student, Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University
Abstract:
This article analyzes how the issue of education is reflected in the creative works of
the prominent Uzbek educator and writer Abdulla Avloniy. It demonstrates how the author,
through his works, called upon the younger generation to embrace values such as patriotism,
honesty, diligence, and ethical behavior. In particular, Avloniy’s views on education are
examined through the lens of his work Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq (The Turkic Gulistan or
Ethics). The article also explores his pedagogical activities, educational programs, and school
textbooks, highlighting the relevance of his educational ideas in today’s context.
Keywords:
education and upbringing, ethics, behavior, science, spirituality.
Introduction
Abdulla Avloniy (born July 12, 1878, Tashkent – died August 25, 1934, Tashkent)
was one of the most prominent figures of Uzbek national culture in the late 19th and early
20th centuries — an enlightened poet, playwright, journalist, scholar, statesman, and public
figure. Avloniy dedicated his entire life to public education, the upbringing of the younger
generation, and the revival of national identity. His literary and pedagogical views remain
relevant even today.
From a young age, Avloniy showed a strong interest in learning. He studied at
traditional schools and madrasas, and later introduced modern teaching methods. He was
among the founders of the early Jadid (modernist) schools, through which he sought to teach
students contemporary subjects such as mathematics, geography, history, natural sciences,
and hygiene.
In his view, true progress is closely linked to education and upbringing. Therefore,
Avloniy paid particular attention to the topic of moral and educational development in many
of his works. His mission was to liberate the people from ignorance and to raise children
based on national and ethical values.
The Role of Education in Avloniy’s Works
Avloniy also gave considerable attention to the theme of education in his poetic works.
In poems such as To My Nation, Tears, and Progress, he called upon the people to pursue
knowledge, unity, and hard work. His poetry embodies concepts such as enlightenment,
freedom, moral purity, and national pride.
For example, he wrote:
“Without proper upbringing, there can be no virtue among the people;
Evil and ignorance will remain — and the nation will never bloom.”
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 443
Through these lines, Avloniy emphasizes that upbringing is the foundation of a
nation's progress. In his view, education and moral upbringing are inseparable concepts. He
wrote:
“Education is a matter of life or death, salvation or destruction, loyalty or ruin.”
At the beginning of the 20th century, Abdulla Avloniy joined the Jadid (educational
reformist) movement and became one of its active participants in Tashkent. He established
and taught in a modern-style school and authored several textbooks. He founded the
charitable society Jamiyati Khayriya to support educational initiatives and teach orphans and
children without caregivers. Together with other prominent enlightenment figures, Avloniy
established publishing houses such as Nashriyot (1914) and Maktab (1916). He actively
participated in the launch of newspapers like Khurshid, Tujjor, and Osiyo. Under his own
editorial leadership, he published Shuhrat (1907) and later Turon (1917).
Avloniy’s Pedagogical Philosophy
The modern-style school founded by Avloniy was based on principles of humanism
and free education. Its main mission was to teach children secular sciences and to prepare
them to engage effectively in the socio-political life of the country. It became a genuine
“people’s school.”
For the Jadid schools, Avloniy authored textbooks such as The First Teacher and The
Second Teacher. His ethical-didactic textbook The Turkic Gulistan or Ethics (1913) stands
out as a remarkable work of early 20th-century Uzbek enlightenment thought. In this work,
issues of education and morality are analyzed for the first time through the lens of the
demands and needs of the new century.
Avloniy categorized moral traits into good and bad according to traditional values, but
grounded his analysis in the views of thinkers such as Hippocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Sa'di
Shirazi, and Bedil, while maintaining modernity as a central criterion. According to the
thinker, ethics is the sum of one’s character traits. Character, in turn, is the manifestation of
virtue or vice in a person. Therefore, every trait symbolizes either nobility and kindness or
depravity and malevolence. However, these qualities do not emerge on their own. Their
formation requires certain conditions—specifically, education and upbringing. People are not
born evil. It is the circumstances and upbringing that shape them for better or worse. Thus,
everything depends on education.
Ethical and Moral Values in Avloniy’s Thought
Avloniy promoted the idea that “Education is a matter of life or death, salvation or
destruction, loyalty or ruin,” and that “Upbringing begins from the day of birth and continues
until the end of life.” In The Turkic Gulistan or Ethics, he praised human virtues such as
friendship, loyalty, diligence, kindness, and other noble traits. In contrast, he condemned
ignorance, laziness, gossip, envy, greed, and hypocrisy as enemies of humanity.
The significance of this work extended far beyond the school context. It served as a
guide not only for educators but also for literature and ethics enthusiasts, occupying a unique
place in the development of social and pedagogical thought of its time. Avloniy’s views on
spirituality, which were expressed in this book, continued in his poetry, dramatic works, and
journalistic articles. His socio-political, moral, and aesthetic ideas have not lost their
relevance even today.
Avloniy’s Views on Body and Soul
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 444
Avloniy understood education in a broad sense, not limiting it solely to morality. He
explored its philosophical foundations, speaking of the intrinsic unity between the div and
the soul:
“The cultivation of the div also contributes to the cultivation of thought. The div
and the soul are like the outer and inner linings of a coat. If the div is not adorned with
cleanliness and protected from immoral behavior, it is like polishing the inner lining while
leaving the outer dirty—sooner or later, the dirt on the outside will soil the inside as well.”
In another instance, he writes:
“The div is like a sieve or a lens.”
Avloniy emphasized the inseparable unity of div and soul, form and content. In his
words, “The mind is the perfect guide, the sole mentor of the div.”
Patriotism and National Identity
Avloniy also stressed that patriotism is one of the noblest and most sacred human
feelings. One cannot merely “love” the homeland passively—it must be felt deeply. One must
live with its sorrows, rejoice in its happiness, and be proud of it. The homeland is sacred, like
a mother. To honor and cherish it, to share in its joys and sorrows, is the duty of every child.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Abdulla Avloniy was a true devotee of national education and
upbringing. Through his works, pedagogical activity, textbooks, and poetry, he dedicated
himself to awakening the nation and nurturing the younger generation into morally and
intellectually mature individuals. Even today, his ideas remain a priceless resource for the
education system. Avloniy’s legacy is not only of historical value but also holds great
significance for the modern educational and moral development process.
Therefore, thoroughly studying and applying his views in practice is essential for the
upbringing of today's youth. We must regard his work Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq not only
as a crucial source for the moral education of youth in his time, but also as a work of
immense relevance to our present. The fact that Avloniy’s profound words — “For us,
education is a matter of life or death, salvation or destruction, prosperity or disaster” —
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 445
resonate like a motto across all educational institutions in our republic is clear evidence of
this.
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