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PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SOCIALIZATION IN THE FAMILY
Turgunova Gulru Todjiboyevna
International school of finance
technology and science institute
Acting Associate Professor of the Department of
“Psychology and pedagogy”
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD)
Abstract.
The family is the most widespread social organization, as well as the most
important foundation and institution of society, the smallest unit. The family is the main unit that
connects people with each other through life-long relationships - parenthood - kinship, ensures the
renewal and increase of the population, requires the continuity of ancestors and generations, and
also carries out the socialization of children and family members. In this article, we will highlight
the psychological characteristics of socialization in the family.
Keywords:
socialization, family, child, parents, personality, society, upbringing, national and
cultural values, group.
Introduction.
The main stage of socialization of a person takes place in the family, which is
considered the smallest unit of society. Factors such as the family's standard of living, social status,
material support, the level of education of parents, and the type of occupation determine the future
of the child. In the process of upbringing, parents consciously and purposefully provide education,
as well as the specific environment of the family, which over time affects the structure of the
person.
The family creates the hereditary, biological, and social foundations of a person's health. Thanks
to family upbringing, a strong sense of responsibility and duty for one's own health and the well-
being of those around them is instilled. Whether a person engages in sports or physical education
or spends his free time in front of the TV, or cares about his own health and the well-being of his
loved ones - this begins with the family[1].
Discussion.
The family performs an important socializing function in ensuring health, quality
nutrition, timely access to a doctor, ensuring the appropriateness of the physical and mental
education of children, being a source of information about their health, forming a culture of
cleanliness and hygiene, first aid skills, self-care and treatment, etc. This information is recognized
as being common to adults of any socio-demographic stratum. However, two-thirds of adults do
not know about the medical devices that are prohibited to them, half do not remember the
infectious diseases they have suffered, one-third do not know their constant high and low blood
pressure, and one-quarter do not have information about their blood type. However, it is wrong to
blame the family for the lack of this information, this indicates a low level of hygienic culture.
Family plays a special role in the life of every person. As a child grows up in a family, from the
first day of his life he learns the rules of life, the norms of interpersonal relationships, and family
values are absorbed into him. As an adult, a person repeats what he saw in his family in his new
family. In the family, the child's relationships with others are analyzed and controlled, and it is in
the family that the child learns spiritual and moral norms. Although parents are no longer the main
target and the goal of materialization during adolescence and adolescence, this applies only to
some areas of life. For young people, parents, and especially mothers, remain the closest
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caregivers. Thus, the family plays a leading role in the formation and development of the most
important social values, institutions and beliefs in the child's personality, that is, in its socialization.
Literature analysis.
The problem of personality socialization has been studied by many scientists.
In particular, J. Piaget, Ananev B.G., Rubinstein S.L., Kon I.S., Torokhtiy B.C., Slastenin V.A.,
Rean A.A., Petrovsky A.V., Petrichenko N.G., Andreeva G.M., etc.[2].
Parents, as the first educators, can have a strong influence on children. As J.J. Rousseau noted,
each subsequent educator has less influence on the child than the previous one. Parents are
entrusted with the most responsible task, they determine the substantive and organizational aspects
of family upbringing[3].
Of the various social factors affecting the formation and maturation of the personality, the most
important is the family. Usually the family is defined as a place of upbringing. All the experience
gained in the family is preserved throughout the life of a person. A person spends most of his life
in the family. It is in the family that the foundations of personality are created.
The family is a unique socio-pedagogical group that fulfills such an important need as the
continuation of its generation and the formation (respect) of each of its members[4].
The family creates a sense of security, encouragement, and protection for a person, not a place to
live or a building. The family lays the foundation for the child's moral and spiritual principles. The
family can create or destroy a person, it has the ability to strengthen the mental health of its
members or harm it. The family gives freedom to some of the child's personal inclinations and
limits or prohibits others. The family is important for security, encouragement, and self-
development. The family defines the boundaries of identification for its members and serves to
form the image of the “I” in them[4].
A person’s personality structure begins to form from the first day of life, as they develop close
relationships with their parents, siblings, grandparents, and other relatives.
Results and analysis.
In the family, not only the child's personality is formed, but also the
personality of the parents is being shaped. The family is a structure that encompasses the entire
being of a person.
Socialization is the instillation of national and cultural values into the new generation.
The means of socialization include:[3]
1. childcare;
2. types of psychological influence in the family, group, peers and labor organizations;
3. gradual adaptation of a person to various spheres of interaction, knowledge, labor activity, etc.
The family has the advantage over other social institutions in the socialization of a person in that
it creates a unique moral and emotional environment full of love, care, respect, and goodwill.
Children who are not raised in the family have a lower level of emotional and intellectual
development. Such children have a lower ability to love, respect, and express sympathy for their
loved ones.
Since the closest relationships are formed in the family, the law of social inheritance comes into
force. Children resemble their parents in temperament, character, and behavior. Each family has
its own unique environment and cultural climate, which strongly influences the child. In this
institution, the lifestyle of the new generation is inherited and formed, and values such as caring
for children and attitude to one's own health are traditionally strengthened.
One of the important functions of the family is to have a strong all-round influence on the physical
and mental world of the person growing up in it. The family is both a living environment and a
place of upbringing for the child. The influence of the family in the first years of a child's life is
stronger than the educational processes that are implemented later. Studies show that the family is
a clear manifestation of both the school and the media, public organizations, labor community,
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friends, literature and art. Thanks to this, many educators have been able to identify a specific
connection: the effectiveness of the formation and development of a person depends on the family
in which he grew up. The more prosperous the family, the more positive it will be for the
upbringing of the child, as a result of which the physical, moral and labor education of the person
will be effective. As they say, a bird eats what it sees in its nest, so its child will be raised.
Since the family is the most powerful factor influencing the formation and development of a
person, society and the government should consider the family as the primary educational center.
A child’s deep spiritual ties with his parents create a strong life position, self-confidence and strong
faith in him. In a family where the relationship between parents and children is properly
established, mutual spiritual and moral unity, harmony in life approaches and attitudes, and actions
are observed. Parental love and care are the natural basis of such relationships[2].
The child is surrounded by his family members - brothers, sisters, grandparents, parents, who make
an important contribution to the formation of the child’s interpersonal relationships, approach to
life, choice of profession, and spiritual and moral image.
The main function of the family is to satisfy social, group and individual needs. The family, which
is considered a social unit of society, performs the function of restoring the population. Also, the
family is able to satisfy the personal needs of each of its members, as well as the needs of the
whole family[5].
Stepping into social life, the child becomes a member of various small and large, formal and
informal groups, various collectives. This requires him to master group norms, requirements and
rules, to receive high-quality legal education, because any organized group has group behavior,
interests, goals and tasks. In addition, formal and informal groups have different structures,
division of labor, group duties and tasks, authority, group expectations, systems of incentives and
punishments. The child must master all of the above and adapt to group behavior and activities.
The child's socio-psychological adaptation begins from birth: the child first gets used to his mother,
then to his father. The child's adaptation area is expanding day by day: this may include siblings,
grandparents, and other family members[5]. As he grows and develops, the child adapts to family
relationships. During the preschool period, the child begins to understand the concepts and
principles of the division of labor in the family, family laws, norms, rights and freedoms of family
members, submission to authority, the system of incentives and punishments.
Conclusion.
Based on the above, the main task of family socialization and upbringing is to teach
the child to cooperate and be a team player, since in the future he will interact with various groups
and communities. The main task of family socialization and upbringing is to ensure the child's
effective adaptation to various group and community life activities by forming cooperative, team,
and cooperative skills. In this case, socialization is the deepening and expansion of his socio-
psychological adaptation to various groups and communities.
List of used literature
1.
Андреева, Т.В. Семейная психология: учеб. пособие для вузов / Т.В.Андреева. - СПб:
Речь, 2004. - 244 с.
2.
Климантова, Р. Я. Государственная семейная политика современной России: учеб.
пособие для вузов / Р.Я. Климантова. - М. 2009 -76 с.
3.
Обозов, Н.Н. Семейная психология / Н.Н. Обозов. / - М.: Прогресс, 2004. - 26 с.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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4.
Ткачева, В.В. Гармонизация внутрисемейных отношений: папа, мама, я - дружная
семья. Практикум по формированию адекватных внутрисемейных отношений /
В.В.Ткачева. - М.: Гном и Д, 2010. - 160 с.
5.
Голованова, Н.Ф. Социализация и воспитание ребенка / Н.Ф.Голованова.- СПб.:
Питер, 2009.- 272 с.
