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THE REFLECTION OF EDUCATIONAL VALUES AND MORAL ISSUES IN
THE WORKS OF ABDULLA AVLONIY
Iroda Qarshiyeva Baxtiyarovna
Lecturer at the Department of Preschool and Primary Education,
Termiz Institute of Economics and Service
Email:
Abstract:
This article analyzes the reflection of educational values and moral issues in the
works of Abdulla Avloniy, a prominent figure in the history of Uzbek enlightenment. In his
works such as “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” (“Turkic Garden or Ethics”), “Birinchi
Muallim” (“The First Teacher”), and “Ikkinchi Muallim” (“The Second Teacher”), Avloniy
promotes values such as knowledge, morality, patriotism, unity, and diligence. His ethical
and educational views serve as an invaluable source for teaching national and educational
values to students. Today, the relevance of Avloniy’s legacy is growing stronger, and his
pedagogical heritage is widely applied in modern education systems, especially in primary
education.
Keywords:
enlightenment, education, pedagogical heritage, national values, moral upbringing,
Uzbek literature, teaching, ethics, youth education, family and society, spirituality, ethical
principles, education, moral values in literature, morality, culture.
Introduction:
Today, the relevance of Abdulla Avloniy’s works is increasing. His
pedagogical heritage is actively used in modern education systems, particularly in primary
education. The ideas expressed in his works play a significant role in nurturing a spiritually
mature, patriotic, and educated generation. Every nation has its own spiritual identity, and the
development of our national spirituality is greatly influenced by historical and scientific
works that artistically reflect the essence of our cultural heritage. In this regard, the textbooks
created by the famous Uzbek writer Abdulla Avloniy—“Adabiyot yoxud Milliy She’rlar”
(“Literature or National Poems”) in four parts, “Birinchi Muallim”, “Turkiy Guliston yoxud
Axloq”, “Ikkinchi Muallim”, and “Maktab Gulistoni”—are considered outstanding works.
The comprehensive and ideologically rich content of these works, and the scientifically
grounded views on education and upbringing, confirm their enduring value.
Among Avloniy's educational and moral works, “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” holds
great importance as a guide to ethics and educational values. This book discusses morality
and knowledge as tools to encourage goodness and discourage wrongdoing. The Jadid
enlightenment movement that emerged in the 19th century was a public educational
movement. The term “Jadid” derives from Arabic, meaning “new.” The main idea of the
Jadid movement was to enlighten the people to liberate them from colonial oppression
through knowledge.
Notable representatives of this movement include Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvarqori
Abdurashidkhanov, Isoqxon Ibrat, Sadriddin Ainiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, and others. A prominent
Jadidist and the first Uzbek pedagogue, Abdulla Avloniy, defined education with the
following statement: "In short, for us, education is a matter of life or death, salvation or
destruction, happiness or misfortune." This shows how highly the Jadidists valued education.
Even today, education remains a pressing issue. Among the Jadid intellectuals, Abdulla
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 732
Avloniy gave special importance to moral upbringing throughout his career. In his works, he
emphasized the need to focus not only on knowledge but also on moral development. His
book “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” is entirely dedicated to the subject of moral education.
Avloniy understood the concept of upbringing in a broad sense. He did not limit it to just
ethics; he also associated it with loyalty to the homeland and respect for one's people,
emphasizing that these are also core elements of moral upbringing. Abdulla Avloniy’s
contribution to the fields of education and morality remains invaluable to this day. His
enlightened views and comprehensive approach to both academic and moral education
continue to serve as a guiding light for teachers and educators. His works not only
encouraged learning but also promoted the development of moral character, patriotism, and
national identity. Today, integrating Avloniy's ideas into the modern educational system,
particularly in primary education, plays a vital role in shaping a spiritually rich, ethically
responsible, and culturally aware younger generation. His pedagogical legacy is an enduring
treasure that deserves continued study and application.
Abdulla Avloniy holds a prominent place in the history of Uzbek enlightenment as a
writer, educator, and public figure who placed great emphasis on issues of upbringing and
morality. In his views, the key factor that leads a person to perfection is a well-rounded
education. In particular, he analyzes child upbringing in four essential directions:
1. Temporal upbringing (upbringing in accordance with the times)
2. Physical upbringing
3. Intellectual upbringing
4. Moral upbringing
According to Avloniy, sound thinking and noble morals develop not only through
knowledge and enlightenment but also on the basis of a healthy div. He considers physical
development one of the most necessary aspects of life: “To study and teach, a strong and
healthy div is necessary,” he emphasizes. Therefore, in child upbringing, the role of parents
in physical development and the role of teachers in intellectual and moral education are
distinctly highlighted.
One of Avloniy’s major works, “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” (“The Turkic Gulistan or
Ethics”), is a vivid example of the Uzbek enlightenment movement. It deeply explores
concepts like knowledge, morality, patience, compassion, patriotism, and diligence from an
educational perspective. The author highly values knowledge, describing it as “the dignity of
the world and the honor of the hereafter.” He believes that knowledge is a force that saves a
person from the darkness of ignorance and that it cannot be considered true knowledge unless
it serves practical life.
In his view, knowledge should not remain theoretical but must serve the interests of society
and the nation. He refers to those who possess such knowledge as “wise people.” Through
this, Avloniy encourages students, especially from a young age, to seek knowledge, develop
their thinking, and grow intellectually.
In the chapter titled
“Bad Traits”
, Avloniy exposes various moral flaws such as ignorance,
anger, arrogance, and envy. He divides ignorance into two types:
Simple ignorance (jahli basit), where a person acknowledges their lack of knowledge
and strives to learn, and
Compound ignorance (jahli murakkab), where a person does not recognize their
ignorance and considers themselves knowledgeable—this being the most dangerous
form.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Avloniy also analyzes anger in two forms: one is positive anger, expressed in defense
of oneself or the nation, while the other is negative anger, used as a tool of oppression and
intimidation. He argues that such negative anger can only be overcome through
gentleness
.
He cites Imam Shafi’i’s words: “Many things that cannot be achieved with the sword and
spear can be achieved with gentleness.”
Avloniy also reflects deeply on patience, considering it the key to joy, a force that restrains
the ego, and a shield against destruction. “Patience is such a powerful trait that it turns lust
into chastity and anger into bravery,” he says. In this way, he highlights the vital role of
patience in a person’s spiritual growth.
Throughout the educational process, Avloniy strives to deeply influence students'
consciousness through real-life examples, moral lessons, and patriotic ideas. He emphasizes
that morality should not be taught through mere verbal advice but rather through actions and
life experiences. He also stresses the importance of respecting national values, language,
religion, and traditions.
Avloniy’s pedagogical legacy forms one of the foundations of the Uzbek educational and
moral system. His works, especially “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq”, serve as an essential
guide for every educator, teacher, and parent.
Abdulla Avloniy’s pedagogical and moral views remain highly relevant in the context
of modern education and character development. His comprehensive approach to child
upbringing—divided into temporal, physical, intellectual, and moral aspects—demonstrates a
holistic understanding of human development that aligns with contemporary educational
theories. In particular, his emphasis on physical well-being as a prerequisite for intellectual
and spiritual growth shows remarkable foresight, anticipating current global discussions on
the interconnectedness of health and learning.
Moreover, Avloniy’s call for practical knowledge and societal responsibility
underscores the idea that education should not only be theoretical but also actionable and
socially beneficial. This resonates with modern concepts such as project-based learning and
civic education, which aim to develop students who are not only knowledgeable but also
socially engaged and morally grounded.
His deep exploration of moral flaws, such as ignorance, anger, arrogance, and envy,
reflects a psychological and philosophical depth that is often lacking in today’s education
systems. By categorizing different types of ignorance and anger, and providing ethical
solutions—such as promoting gentleness and patience—Avloniy offers valuable tools for
emotional intelligence and moral decision-making. These insights are essential for forming
not only competent individuals but also responsible and ethical members of society.
Furthermore, his belief that morality must be taught through real-life examples rather
than mere verbal instruction supports the contemporary emphasis on experiential and values-
based education. His insistence on respecting national identity, language, religion, and
traditions adds cultural depth to his educational philosophy, making it not only universally
applicable but also strongly rooted in local values.
In conclusion, Abdulla Avloniy’s legacy provides a rich source of inspiration for
educators, parents, and policymakers alike. His ideas contribute significantly to the
foundation of Uzbek pedagogy while offering timeless principles that can be applied globally
to nurture intellectually capable, morally sound, and socially responsible individuals.
References:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 05,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 734
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