Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
25
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The article is written about the fact that a lot of electricity is consumed in the process of grinding materials
in cement production technology, and to ensure the efficiency of material grinding by studying the reasons
where it is spent.
K
EYWORDS
Technology, grinding, clinker, powder, slurry, surfaces, forging, friction, molecule, deformation crystal, soft,
elastic, plastic.
I
NTRODUCTION
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
GRINDING OF MATERIALS: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 10, 2022,
Published Date:
November 18, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-11-05
Tojiev Rasuljon
Doctor Of Technical Sciences, Professor, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fer-Gana, Republic Of Uzbekistan
Abdurakhmon Sulaymanov
Doctoral Student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana
Gulmiraxon Madaminova
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana
S.U. Agzamov
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
26
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
The process of grinding materials is very
complicated and depends on the following
factors: physical and mechanical properties of the
material, its shape, size and granularity, the
number of defects in the material, its strength,
hardness or softness, and the construction and
types of other grinding machines [1-7].
In order to correctly interpret this situation, it is
necessary to study the physical state of the
grinding process. For example. The grinding
process due to any deformation can be explained
as follows. The external force causes the
accumulation of elastic deformation stresses in
the div [8-15].
T
HE MAIN PART
If we compare the above-mentioned hypotheses
and compare the grinding with the work done,
and put the pieces of grinding on the Hooke
diagram, we get the following [14-21].
Figure 1. The relationship between the unit energy consumption E and the final size of the
material being crushed D.
As can be seen from the diagram, the energy
consumption is 0.4kW to get 1t rubble 5-40mm;
Grinding 1t of sand is 2kW with a unit surface
area of 1800cm2/g; 1t of cement (from clinker) is
Е
,
кВт
/
Т
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
0.1
0.0001 0.01 10 100 1000
Д
,
мм
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
2800-3000 cm2/g and 7 kW of energy is
consumed. In fact, it takes 35-45 kW of energy to
produce 1 ton of cement from clinker, which is
very energy intensive. This shows that such
calculations Rittinger, Kirpichev-Kick and Bond
hypotheses do not accurately represent this
process. But it correctly expresses the quality
characteristics of grinding processes [22-28].
According to Griffiths, the difference between the
theoretical and actual strength of solid bodies
occurs due to the formation of small cracks in
them, resulting in strong concentrated stress. The
basic idea used by Griffiths is that under the
influence of the recommended tensile stress at
the tips of small cracks, a local overstress σ is
calculated in all sections of the sample, which is
many times more than the average stress σ.
If the stress is too high, dangerous cracks will
reach the theoretical strength σК, in which the
crack will grow violently and break the specimen
into pieces. The recommended average voltage at
this time should correspond to the peak voltage
σК. When the ultimate stress is less than the
theoretical strength, the crack does not grow and
the material does not crush. The coefficient of
stress concentration in microcracks is equal to
β=σ*/σ. It depends on
the direction, size and
shape of the micro-cracks according to the
direction of elongation. Therefore, tensile
strength is not considered to be related to the
material constant. Different samples differ in the
size of critical microcracks [29-33].
In justifying the formula for the calculation of
concentration stresses, Griffiths based on the
following cases:
a) thermal failure of brittle material does not
depend on temperature;
b) if an increase in the free plane energy is
observed to increase tension micro-cracks in the
sample, the growth of micro-cracks may occur.
c) the length of microcracks is much shorter than
the cross-section of the sample, and the cross-
sectional stress in the crack practically
corresponds to the average stress calculated at
the nominal strength.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
Figure 2. The diagram of stress concentration at the crack tip.
Based on this situation, Griffiths defined the intensity as follows:
0
2
к
E l
=
where: a-energy of free formation of a tense div; E-voltage module; 1
0
-angle microcracks initial depth.
According to modern views, Griffiths theory has a
number of shortcomings. The main ones are:
1) The calculation of concentration stresses does not
depend in principle on the equality of the tension energy
change and the change of the energy of free formation,
in which, according to the law of conservation of energy,
it is necessary to take into account the mechanical loss of
the crushing energy of a brittle div;
2) Griffiths's theory does not take into account the
dependence on temporal stability;
3) Molecular structure is not taken into account.
In justification of the final state, we consider the
molecular model of microcracks and the mechanism of
their growth in a brittle solid. At the boundary of the
integral transition to free formation, a discontinuity
occurs between atoms. Atoms up to 1...5 are located in
the volume of the div, and up to 6...10 are in free
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
formation. Due to thermal motion and fluctuation, the
atoms at the tip of the cracks periodically generate
sufficient kinetic energy or try to restore the bond
between them. This process is observed when the
potential overcomes the E and E1 barriers. The kinetic
energy of particles is the activity energy of breaking
processes or restoring chemical bonds. E-
Е
1
differences
have a potential generation energy, which can be
considered as a function of the distance between
particles in the direction of elongation [34-41].
0
х
=
and
0
х
=
. The charge equal to should
correspond to the balance of the distance between the
intermediate atoms on the surface of the layer in the
non-given div. The maximum of the potential curve
indicates the influence of the nearby layer of atoms on
the bond breaking process. The presence of particles in
the x zone in the loaded material
х
is higher than in the
zone [42-46]. After unloading, the crack coalesces to the
defect. In a loaded material, the tensile stress prevents
the bonds from breaking and restoring them, which in
turn means that in the unloaded state, the bonds are
short and require a large kinetic energy to break. At high
strain, the bond discontinuities are large and lead to the
growth of microcracks.
σ=σ
0
is assumed to be safe in case
of potential failure and the equality of restored
connections.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
25-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
Figure 3. molecular model of α
-microcracks;
β
-potential energy change.
The external force causes the accumulation of
elastic deformation forces inside the div (piece).
The concentrated stress formed as a result of a
defect somewhere in the piece increases without
reaching the strength limit, and part of it is spent
on the newly formed surface, this energy is useful
energy and grinds the piece. And the rest are
distributed in the case of elastic deformation to
compress the piece, in the case of thermal energy
and in the case of other energies.
Thus, according to modern views, there are two
types of crushing mechanism. In the first stage,
the cracks are provided by thermofluctuation,
and in the second stage, the tensile properties of
the solid div are determined by the growth of
the cracks, and the energy reserve is stored in it.
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VOLUME
02
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FACTOR
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5.478
)
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5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
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