Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
42
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
A
BSTRACT
This article reveals the features of expressing syntagmatic constructions with the help of nouns, pronouns
and verbs in modern Chinese.
K
EYWORDS
Syntagma, tense category, phrase, hieroglyph, lexeme, reduplication.
I
NTRODUCTION
In Chinese, some of the words that are nouns
belong to the
方位
词
group of directives. For
example, these are words such as
东，南，西，
北，里，外
and others. These words can be used
with prepositions such as
朝
，向
，往
，在
，从
1
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
，
对
and others, thus forming stable
constructions related to the phenomenon of
parenthesis. For example:
汽
车在大雨中不停地往前跑，我们很快就到达了
目的地方
1
。
2012
年。
- 51
页
。
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
PECULIARITIES OF EXPRESSING SYNTAGMATIC CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE
HELP OF NOUNS, PRONOUNS AND VERBS
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-01-08
Zebo Shamsiddinova
Teacher, University Of World Economy And Diplomacy, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
43
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
“The car continued to move forward in heavy rain,
and we soon reached the goal.”
These words in sentences perform the function of
the subject or circumstance.
When used with verbs or prepositions, these
directives perform the function of an object, for
example, when used with the prepositions
在
,
向
,
朝
,
往
,
从
,
自
,
由
, etc. For example:
中文
杂志都在上头，外文的都在下头。
“Chinese
-language magazines are on top and
foreign-language magazines are on
the bottom.”
那
时候，这儿的小孩子们经常走在前边给我们带
路。
“At that time, children always made way for us.”
When performing the complement function, the
use of the auxiliary word
的
is mandatory. For
example:
前
边的楼都是新建的
2
。
“All buildings opposite are newly built.”
东头（的）
那一片平房是工人宿舍
3
。
2
实话实说
。商
务
印
书馆
，
2009
年。
-
340
页
。
3
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
“The building on the east side is a workers'
hostel.”
中
间（的）那张油画是他的作品。
“The canvas is in the middle of it.”
那架
飞机向西北方向飞去了。
“That plane over there flew to the northeast.”
When using these words as a circumstance, the
auxiliary word
的
is optional.
In Chinese, with the words directives, the stable
phrases “
之
间
”, “
之中
”, “
之内
”, “
之外
” can be used:
三天之内
“within three days”.
Directive words in Chinese can express location,
direction. They can be used with stable phrases
that form a parenthesis, such as “…
上
” , “…
中
” , “…
下
” .
“…
上
” means “
在
…
方向
”:
经济上的损失一定要补回来
4
。
“It is imperative to repair the damage done to the
economy.”
“…
下
” means “
在
…
条件下
”:
2012
年。
- 56
页
。
4
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年
. - 58
页
。
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
44
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
这种金属高温下也不易熔化
5
。
“This gold will not change its structure
even with the highest heat treatment”
“…
中
” means “At the time when…
6
”:
假期中，他
为大家做了不少好事
。
“During the holidays he did a lot of good
things.”
Locative words are usually combined in a
sentence with prepositions such as
在
,
到
,
朝
,
向
,
往
,
从
. For example:
你要的那本
书在这儿呢。
“The book you need is here.”
刘先生和他的太太半年前去欧洲了。
“Mr. Liu and his wife have already left for Europe
for half a year.”
In Chinese, the pronouns
这里
,
这儿
,
那里
,
那儿
are used with such verbs as
来
,
看
,
挂
,
到
, as well
as the prepositions
朝
,
向
,
往
,
到
, forming a form
5
朱德藩。语法讲义。商务印书馆，
1982
年。
-
85
页。
6
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年。
- 59
页
。
of parenthesis and performing the function of a
circumstance in a sentence
7
. For example:
这儿有树荫，我们在这儿休息吧。
“Here is the shade of a tree, let’s rest here.”
我
们的教师在这里吗？
-
部，在那里。
“Our audience is here?” “No, over there.”
In Chinese, after some verbs, such as
来
,
去
,
到
,
上
,
回
,
在
, as well as the prepositions
在
,
从
,
往
, the
use of an object expressing location is necessary.
If the object does not express location, but is
expressed by proper names, in this case it is
necessary to use the pronouns
这儿
,
这里
, or
那里
,
那儿
8
. For example:
我从朋友那儿来。
Can't say
我从朋友来
.
我的
练习本子在老师那儿。
“The teacher has my notebook.”
丁琳去
谁那儿了？
7
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年
. - 85
页
。
8
朱德藩。
现
代
汉语语
法
研
究。商
务
印
书
馆
，
2007
年。
- 122
页
。
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
45
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
“Where did Ding Ling go?”
下星期天我想回我
妈妈那儿去看看。
“Next week I want to go to my mother.”
欢迎你常到我们这儿来玩儿。
“Come see us more often”
9
.
As for verbs, when it comes to the verb
是
in Chinese, it is necessary to dwell here on a few
of its distinctive grammatical features
10
. In
particular:
the negative form of the verb
是
is formed with
the negative particle
不
, that is, in the form
不是
;
The verb
是
does not have a reduplication form.
Only with an affirmative answer can the form “
是
是是
” be used;
With the help of the verb
是
, the construction [
是
…
的
] is formed.
11
For example:
9
丁
声
树
。
现
代
汉语语
法
讲话
。商
务
印
书
馆
，
1961
年。
- 244
页
。
10
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年。
- 684
页
。
11
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年。
- 763
页
。
他是两点半出去的。
“He left at two thirty minutes.”
我市在
飞机场预售处买的票。
“I bought a ticket at the airport ticket office.”
他是什么
时候出去的？
-
他是三点半出去的
12
。
"When did he come out?" “He left at three
-
thirty”
他在学校超市
买水果的。
“He bought fruit at the supermarket.”
This construction is used to single out a place,
time, mode of action, purpose.
我是从
农村来的
13
。
“I came from the village.”
那本
书是
1958
年
编写的
14
。
“That book was written in 1958.”
12
李稿。现代汉语动词研究。
-
北京
, 2004
年。
-
159
页。
13
朱德藩。
现
代
汉语语
法
研
究。商
务
印
书
馆
，
2007
年。
- 165
页
。
14
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年
. - 764
页
。
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
46
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
The interrogative form of this construction is
constructed using the interrogative particle
吗
,
that is, for example:
他是从大学
图书馆借的那本书吗？
“Did he take that book from the univ
ersity
library?”
安娜是跟代表
团一起来的吗？
“Anna came with the delegation?”
The second form is built using interrogative
pronouns:
他是哪天来的？
“What day did you arrive?”
您是什么
时候来的？
"When you arrived?"
The third interrogative form is a construction [
是
不是
…
的
]:
你是不是前天来的？
“Did
you come yesterday?”
他
们是不是从中国来的？
15
故播
刘
。
实
用
现
代
汉语语
法。
-
北京，
2012
年。
- 691
页
。
“Are they from China?”
The fourth form is a construction [
是
…
还是
…]
15
:
您是昨天来的，
还是前天来的？
“Did you come yesterday or the day before?”
The verb
有
also denotes the presence of
something somewhere. Speaking about the verb
有
, it is also necessary to dwell on several of its
grammatical features
16
, for example:
The negative form
有
is always formed with the
negative particle
没
.
The verb
有
, like the verb
是
, does not have a
reduplication form.
Based on the foregoing, the following conclusions
were drawn:
In modern Chinese, syntagmatic constructions
can be expressed by different words referring to
different parts of speech, in particular, to nouns,
pronouns and verbs. These words in sentences
perform the function of the subject or
circumstance. When used with verbs or
prepositions, directives perform the function of
an object.
16
高级汉语。
-
华语教学出版社，
2011
年。
- 76
页。
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
47
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
In Chinese, with the words directives, the stable
phrases “
之
间
”, “
之中
”, “
之内
”, “
之外
” ca
n be used:
三天之内
“within three days”.
Directive words in Chinese can express location,
direction. They can be used with stable phrases
that form a parenthesis, such as “…
上
” , “…
中
” , “…
下
” .
“…
上
” means “
在
…
方向
” :
“…
下
” means “
在
…
条件下
”:
“…
中
” means “At the time when…”:
Locative words are usually combined in a
sentence with prepositions such as
在
,
到
,
朝
,
向
,
往
,
从
.
In Chinese, the pronouns
这里
,
这儿
,
那里
,
那儿
are used with verbs such as
来
,
看
,
挂
,
到
, as well
as prepositions
朝
,
向
,
往
,
到
, forming a form of
parenthesis and performing the function of a
circumstance in a sentence.
The verb
是
does not have a reduplication form.
Only with an affirmative answer can you use the
form “
是是是
”.
R
EFERENCES
1.
故播刘。
实用现代汉语语法。
-
北京，
2012
年。
2.
实话实说。商务印书馆，
2009
年。
3.
朱德藩。
语法讲义。商务印书馆，
1982
年。
4.
丁声
树。现代汉语语法讲话。商务印书馆
，
1961
年。。
5.
李稿。
现代汉语动词研究。
-
北京
, 2004
年。
6.
高
级汉语。
-
华语教学出版社，
2011
年。
